Mene ne arboretums da Botanical gidãjen Aljanna

Mun sau da yawa ziyarci wurin shakatawa zuwa shakata, kubuta daga bustle da nutsad da kanka a cikin wani kwantar da hankula da kuma yanayi na lumana. Amma su za a iya halitta ba wai kawai ga hutu da kuma nisha, amma kuma, misali, da wani bincike mayar da hankali. Parks ne mai fadi da iri-iri iri, kamar tarihi, Zoological, da kuma tunawa, amma a cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi magana game da arboretum da Botanical gidãjen Aljanna. Bari mu dubi su nufi da tarihi.

Arboretums: Definition

"Arboretum" a Girkanci nufin "itace". Latin sunan zai sauti kamar "arboretum". Arboretum - wani sashi daga cikin arboretum, wanda aka yi nufi ga jama'a hutu. A yankin da aka tanada domin ta namo a bude ƙasa woody shuke-shuke, wanda aka sanya a kan wasu filaye, kamar ado da labarin kasa. An lura da cewa mafi yawan arboretum ne Botanical gidãjen Aljanna, amma akwai iya zama m raka'a. Arboretum fara bayyana a dangane da ci gaban da wannan filin na o kamar yadda dendrology.

Lura da arboretum tare da mafi bambance bambancen tarin itatuwa: Sochi, gandun daji Engineering Academy a St. Petersburg, kazalika da Main Botanical Garden RAS (Moscow). A} asashen waje ne da wadannan misalai Parks: arboretum Kornik a Poland, da arboretum a Kew (kusa da London), da arboretum na Nikitsky Botanical Garden a Crimea. Arboretum iya samun wani kunkuntar mayar da hankali, wato, kawai wasu iri na shuke-shuke za a iya girma a cikin su. Wannan na iya zama siringarii (kware a girma a Lilac) populetumy (poplar) ko koniferetumy Pinar (coniferous) frutitsetumy (shrubs) vititsetumy (creeper).

Akwai kowa mulki ga dukan arboreta: dukan itatuwa da kuma shrubs located a tsanaki akai. Wannan shi ne, waɗanda suka kasance a wannan HALITTAR, za a dasa a kan wani raba shafin. Ziyartar Arboretum, za ka iya samun matsahi na saba da ban mamaki duniya na shuke-shuke, miyagun ko ba samu a yanayi.

A tarihin abin da ya faru

A itacen da yake a shuka duniya a ko da yaushe sun shagaltar da muhimmiyar rawa, tun cikin tarihin 'yan adam ya kawo babban amfani ga mutane. A 18th karni na aiki a kan dendrology, amma sun kawai daidai da bayanin da waje ãyõyin shuke-shuke. Daga baya, masana kimiyya ya fara magance irin matsaloli kamar yadda acclimatization bishiyoyi, kayi nazarin halittar jini, kazalika da samar da sabon nau'in. Musamman da hankali da aka biya a cikin gabatarwar - gabatarwar albarkatu a cikin wadanda wuraren da ba su peculiar da mazauninsu.

Da ayyuka da fuskantar da wadannan abokai

Arboretums da Botanical gidãjen Aljanna suna tsaye alaka da ƙasashensu na musamman kare yankunan. Su ne mai raba category na kare yankunan, inda a can ne na musamman shuka collections domin wadãtar da Flora da rabe-raben halittu. Bugu da kari, su ake bukata domin gudanar da koyarwa, bincike da kuma kai bishara ayyukan. A cikin wadannan muhalli hukumomin wajen samar da kimiyya da kwasfansu na wuri mai faɗi da gine-gine, ornamental noma, aikin lambu, gabatarwar daji shuke-shuke a cikin al'adunsu, don kare su daga kwari da cututtuka, da kuma more.

The doka gwamnatin arboretums da Botanical gidãjen Aljanna

Bari mu dubi wanda sarrafawa wadannan yankuna. Land a kan abin da akwai Botanical gidãjen Aljanna da kuma arboretums aka canjawa wuri a zama wasu cibiyoyin. A cikin wadannan wurare ya kasu kashi daban-daban aikin yankunan: lãbãri, kimiyya, gwaji da kuma administrative.

Halitta Monuments, arboretums, Botanical gidãjen Aljanna da wata musamman doka tsarin mulki. Da farko ya kafa ta a shawarar da Rasha gwamnatin da zartarwa jikin na Rasha Federation a kan tsari na izini jihar jikuna a cikin Sphere na kare muhalli.

Waɗanda suke suna da hannu a cikin ƙasar mãkirci, waxanda suke da Monuments na yanayi, suna zamar masa dole ya gudanar da ayyukan don tabbatar da tsarin mulki na musamman kariya. Botanical gidãjen Aljanna da kuma arboretums ne duka biyu na yanki da na tarayya alƙawura. A yankin ƙasarsu aka haramta ayyukan da ba su da nasaba da wasan kwaikwayon na ayyuka, da kuma iya yin sulhu akai da mutunci na fure abubuwa.

An misali daga cikin shahararrun Arboretum a Rasha

Dendrological, Botanical Parks da gidãjen Aljanna yada a ko'ina cikin duniya. A yawa daga gare su, a Rasha. A da kyau misali na irin wannan wani wurin shakatawa za a iya kira Sochi Arboretum, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Sochi National Park. Ya, kamar sauran irin wannan abubuwa, abubuwa a matsayin mai tsaron Green Collection. Located a cikin zuciya na mafaka, kamar yadda mai girma yanki na m Flora da fauna. Akwai fiye da 1,700 jinsunan bishiyoyi da shrubs, wanda aka tattara daga sassa daban daban na duniya.

Sochi Arboretum tare da gine-gine ginen, sculptures da marẽmari kama wani aiki na gwaninta. Ya bayyana a kudancin mafaka a cikin marigayi 19th karni, da kuma a cikin 50s na karshe karni da aka kerata. A halin yanzu, da shakatawa dasa fiye da 2 dubu jinsunan wakilan duniya Flora. An dade an shige a cikin yawon shakatawa shirin na masu rinjaye na yawon bude ido. Yana da wani wurare masu zafi da mulki burge tare da iri-iri m shuke-shuke da cewa Bloom ko da a cikin hunturu. Ba nisa, a cikin Adler gundumar, shi ma dake arboretum "Southern al'ada".

Mene ne Botanical lambu?

Bisa ga definition, wanda ya ba da Botanical lambun International Botanic gidãjen Aljanna, shi ne wani shiri wanda ya rubuce tarin na zaune shuke-shuke, wanda ake amfani da manufar da bincike, kazalika da ilimi matakai, rabe-raben da Flora zanga-zangar gabatar a cikinta. Sauran definition furta cewa Botanical lambu - a kore yanki, halitta ga dalilai da aka jera a sama. Wannan akwai bambanci a cikin fassarar wannan ra'ayi ne kawai a gaskiya cewa shi ne ake kira a ƙasa, ko kuma kungiyar.

A yau gabatar da wannan lokaci da ake nufi musamman kare birane mãkirci na ƙasar, dangane da albarkatun da suke landscaped gidãjen Aljanna, kore rubuce tarin. A Botanical gidãjen Aljanna yawanci aiki greenhouses, Nurseries, herbaria, yawon shakatawa da kuma ilimi sassan.

A tarin daga cikin Main Botanical Garden, wanda aka located in Moscow, akwai mutane da yawa jinsunan shuke-shuke daga cikin kasashen na arewacin Hemisphere da cewa ba su nan da nan iya samun amfani da sabon abu sauyin yanayi a gare su.

Lokacin farko da ya gabatar Botanical Garden?

A farko Botanical lambu da aka halitta a cikin XIV karni a cikin Italiyanci birnin Salerno, wanda ya shahara a tsakiyar zamanai, Turai ta mafi tsufa likita makaranta. Daya daga cikin shahararrun likitoci ya sa'an nan Matthaeus Silvaticus, wanda shi ma ya kasance wani botanist. A waɗannan kwanaki, babban tushen da kwayoyi sun daban-daban shuke-shuke.

Wannan mutumin na farko ya gano Botanical lambu: shi ne dalibai wanda a nan gaba zai zama wani likita, to familiarize kansu da magani shuke-shuke. Sunan da ya aka bai girmama na Roman allahiya na hikima - "Aljannar Minerva". Ya zama wurin da suka fara girma shuke-kimiyya dalilai. Wadannan gidãjen Aljanna aka daga baya ya yadu zuwa Italiya, sa'an nan ya bayyana a sauran kasashen Turai. A farko suka kiyaye likita fuskantarwa, sa'an nan ya fara da za a halitta, kuma tare da sauran raga.

Aiki da Botanical gidãjen Aljanna

A kasar mu, na farko Botanical lambu ya bayyana a karkashin Bitrus I, watau a cikin 1706. Yana da aka halitta su girma magani shuke-shuke a cikin shi, da kuma sunan kawai jaddada mayar da hankali - "Pharmaceutical Aljanna". Amma kamar yadda yake dauke da ilimi da ayyuka. Sarkin sa'an nan ya dasa gona a larch, fir da spruce, don haka da cewa baƙi iya gani a fili da bambance-bambance tsakanin su.

Botanical gidãjen Aljanna suna kare halitta yankunan da kimiyya cibiyoyin. Su yankin ne zuwa kashi sassa da suka dace wasu climatic zones. Ga waɗanda shuke-shuke da cewa ba zai iya kwanta a bude filin, gina wani greenhouse, inda da dama yanayi da ake halittawa. Kamar yadda ilimi cibiyoyin, Botanical gidãjen Aljanna yi da wadannan ayyuka: shuka nazari da kuma adana rare jinsuna. Lokacin da wadannan cibiyoyin ne herbarium collections na library na adabi a kan o, akwai yawon shakatawa sassan.

China shi ne mafi girma Botanical lambu, da har na ƙasa wanda yake shi ne mai ban mamaki. An tsallaka da 13 koguna, akwai duwatsu da kwari. A cikin Nikita Botanical Gardens, wanda aka located a kan sashin na Crimea, girma itacen zaitun, wanda shekaru ne fiye da shekaru 2000. Amma mafi manyan Botanical lambu a Turai ne babban Botanical lambu mai suna N. V. Tsitsina Rasha Academy of Sciences (Moscow). A arewacin batu a duniya inda akwai irin wannan abu - shi ne Norway. A kasar shi ne located a kan Kola Larabawa.

ƙarshe

Bisa ga bayanin da ya gabatar a nan, shi ya zama mafi bayyananne muhimmanci wurare kamar arboretums da Botanical gidãjen Aljanna. Sun kawo mai yawa fasali da kuma gani duk da kyau na Flora na duniya tamu. A cikin wadannan sassa na yanayi, mutumin da aka yi da, a wuri guda za ka iya ganin daban-daban na shuke-shuke tattara daga ko'ina cikin duniya.