Memorial 411 batura, Odessa: photo, adireshin, kwatance

A birnin-gwarzo na Odessa shi ne wani wuri ƙaunar da duk 'yan ƙasa da kuma da yawa baƙi, abin tunawa ga kakanninsa, ya lashe a cikin m fadace-fadace da' yanci ga kansu da 'ya'yansu. Kusan a bakin tekun, a wani kyakkyawan wurin shakatawa kore, dake a cikin bude-iska gidan kayan gargajiya, wani haraji ga ƙwaƙwalwar na fadace-fadace don fi so birni - Tuna 411-th baturi a Odessa. A birnin kowane yaro a farkon yara clambered duk soja Tsarin wadanda sau. Entrance ga jama'a free, za ka iya duba duk na farfado, tabawa, karkatarwa. A yarda wa duba duk, babu wanda zai sharhi. Amma baƙi fahimtar tarihi muhimmancin na soja da kayan aiki.

Fara na yi

Bayan fara m manufar Jamus karkashin jagorancin Adolf Hitler, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa, wajibi ne a fara da tsaro dabarun kare ta daga sãsanninta, fahimtar real yiwuwar wani harin a kan Tarayyar Soviet.

Don kare kudancin kan iyakar bakin tekun na Gulf of Odessa fara daga 1934 zuwa 1936, manyan-sikelin gina kare wurare for 411 Odessa baturi. Its manufa kunshi a nuna maƙiyi kai hare-hare daga tẽku da warships kamar yadda suka kasance, don tallafa wa sojojin ƙasa a ƙasa mamayewa fascists.

Yi gine-gine

All karfafa kankare Tsarin gina fursunoni, na 2,000 maza, karkashin tsauraran dubawa na NKVD da kuma sa hannu na aikin injiniya da kuma yi management na sojan ruwa sojojin. Sama kowane kankare mahautsini tsaya detachment jami'in na harkokin da gan su shi da cewa da hakkin ya ƙara zama dole aka gyara a cikin bayani. An fito da tsananin a matsayin USAID da ya zama mai ƙarfi. Amfani kankare sa 600 da pebbles da Odessa rairayin bakin teku. Janar D. Karbyshev amfani ci-gaba da fasaha domin cewa lokaci a gina cibiyoyin soja.

Kowane hopper yana da wani biyu Layer 3 cm gashi karfe karfafa kankare yi da kuma samun kauri daga sama zuwa 1 m 75 cm. Kato ramuka haƙa ga ikon da gun shigarwa. A zurfin 18 m aka haƙa ƙarƙashin ƙasa nassi a haɗa da manyan bindigogi matsayi daga umurnin post, located a nesa na 750 mita a kan tudu na bay. Ƙarfafa saman makamai farantin. A yi da aka kashe 11.6 ton na zinariya.

baturi kurkuku

Su housed da conning hasumiyar babban kwamandan 411 Baturi Odessa da kuma kula cibiyar ga ayyuka na abokan gaba. BK-Tantancewar na'urar 10 abu ya karu 20 sau. Domin bayani game da harbi hari da aka ƙaddamar kai tsaye zuwa ga post na shiriya manyan 180-mm bindigogi. By karkashin kasa da nassi sun layuka na igiyoyi da sauran lantarki da kayan aiki. Tun cikin kurkuku aka tilted, da ruwa iya Ambaliyar bindigogi haƙa da kuma musamman magudana a manyan tafki daga wanda ruwa ne pumped da karfi famfo zuwa surface.

Har ila yau a cikin kurkuku ne ƙarin ayyuka: tukunyar jirgi dakin, wani sashe na dizal-powered kayan aiki, tabbatarwa gun injuna, da wutar lantarki. Karkashin kasa dā aka haƙa a matsayin warehouses for man fetur da kuma lubricants, da dama ajiya tankuna, har zuwa 1,000 cubic mita. m na ruwa kowace. A cikin hali na overlapping maƙiyi samun ruwa reserves na 411 'yan kasa na Odessa baturi iya samar da su da ruwa na dogon lokaci. Capacitance bayansa daga artesian rijiyoyin da zurfin 30 m.

A nagartaccen iska tsarin samar da wata babbar karkashin kasa da yankin tare da sabo iska. A tsarin na bututu da kuma boilers zafi da dakin. All muhimmanci rayuwa goyon bayan tsarin ne karkashin kasa. Sama da surface sun kawai kututturan bindigogi babbar size iya harbe-harben a nesa na 40 km.

ordnance

Domin uku bakin teku manyan bindigogi bindigogi yin la'akari 160 ton, tare da juya na'urar 3 da aka haƙa ƙarƙashin ƙasa yadi. Yana aiwatar karkashin kasa daga motsa projectiles yin la'akari 97,5 kg. A musamman trolley 2 manyan bindigogi bindigogi hauled shi ya bude. Makarai kare daga sinadaran hari. Sleeves wanda ake ragu bayan kowane harbi, birgima cikin wani musamman tankin, liyi tare da jan zanen gado.

Na farfajiya sun kayayyakin gaggawa kofofi karkashin kasa da soja. A lokacin da harbi maida hankali ne akan duk hatches tsakanin dakuna. A hali na wuta akwai wani hadadden tsarin na atomatik wuta extinguishing dukkan gabatarwa. Service 411 Odessa baturi kunshi 365 ma'aikata.

Around wadannan uku na asali kayan aikin ne a nesa na uku 45-mm anti-aircraft gun tare da mutanena su ka bauta musu. Har ila yau, baturi matsara ya tsaya uku hudu anti-aircraft da bindigogi, "Maxim", wanda bayar iska tsaro matsayi. Riga a lokacin shiri na m hadaddun Gunners ƙware da nagartaccen dabara da kuma gudanar da horo a karkashin kulawa na samu kwararru.

masking wuraren

A lokacin da harbe-harben bindiga farfajiya aka rufe da sake kamanni raga da kuma itacen rassan. Bayan wata manufa tsarin da aka rufe babbar hinged kofofin, wanda wata karamar kasa gidan, 'yan itatuwa da inabõbi. Don yaudarar makiya kusa da ba wuri na baturi, game da 700 mita, an located ƙarya baturi.

Plywood gina soron bene, da tsohon fitilar kututturan sanya na gun ganga. Gina outbuildings. A wancan lokaci, a lokacin da wannan baturi zuwa yi fama manufa, a kan ƙarya matsayi na ado sojoji lit hayaki bama-bamai da cewa an cika abunda aka kwaikwaya hayaki daga harbe-harben bindigogi.

Jamus harin fiye da sau daya pinpointing ƙarya baturi da kuma kora daga iska katako props. Bayan yakin, sojojin kowane lokaci gaba daya sāke gina halakar da jingina, ba don kawai ta tserar da rayuwarsu.

A jaruntakar tsaro na Odessa

A 1941, Agusta 5, a karfe 9 da safe Rang karo na farko volley da 180-mm gun. Romanian sojojin makale a cikin Akkerman sansanin soja, da baturi kwamandan Ivan Nikolaevich Nikitenko ya ba na farko domin domin lalata manyan abokan sojojin. Bayan da m bawo, tashi har zuwa wani tsawon 18 km, kai da makiya dispositions, da Romanians ya firgita. Kuma suka yi zaton cewa suka harbe tare da jirgin sama. Bude a cikin komai sama manyan bindigogi koma wuta. Ci gaba da wuta, mu dakarun sun sa irreparable lalacewar makiya sojojin.

Kyaftin I. N. Nikitenko samu wani godiya-ka sako daga shugaban 25th Chapayev Division, Manjo-Janar Ivan Petrov, wanda ya tsaya tsaro a kudancin gundumar tsaron. Hall, ya ji da cikakken ikon da tsaron gida matsayi na Soviet sojojin. Fiye da 200 ton daga karfe mutu m bugi a kan makiya matsayi.

Shooting aka gudanar ba tare da tsayawa, dare da rana. Ko da babbar karfe aiwatarwa ba sa Lagwani yaƙi. Sawa rifling a cikin ganga. Soja Masters gudanar ya canza dare a cikin kututturan Multi-ton bindigogi m liners da thread. A lokacin gyare-gyare, da sauran kayan aikin bai daina harbe-harben a maƙiyi matsayi. Abin lura, babu jirgin saman soja karkashin kasa da sansanin soja da aka ba ko rauni ga dukan lokaci tsaron gida.

An domin da sallama daga cikin birnin

3 days kafin sallama daga cikin birni da abokan gaba baturi aka kawo nakiyoyi. Sojoji karanta fitar da tsari na 1 Oktoba na sallama daga cikin birni da kuma ritaya daga cikin sojojin. Suna da tsananin mummunan hali ga shi kuma ba ya so ya dauki birnin, amma umarni ne umarni, kuma yana da wani zabi, amma ya yi hakan. Tare da nauyi zuciya artillerymen shirya wa rushe da matsayi na baturi. Mai mayakan sun tafi a kan kama kifi seiner "Typhoon", "Krasin" da kuma "The Odessa-1", da matsayi na kawai mutane 40 bar.

16 ga watan Oktoba, 1941 da dare, da jaruntakar da murfin baturin karbo daga Odessa Maritime Army don taimaka a cikin tsaro na Sevastopol, da ciwon sanya maƙiyi a gare 230 Shots. Sa'an nan kuma, a kan umarni na soja hukumomi, a 4am jaruntakar baturi matsayi aka nike tashi, da kuma ma'aikata ta hanyar kasuwanci tashar jiragen ruwa ta jirgin da aka aiko zuwa ga tsaron gida na Sevastopol.

A haraji ga heroes

M Odessans ba zai iya amma biya haraji ga heroes da kuma bar baturi sharan ba tare da ta dace da hankali. Saboda haka, da shawarar da Regional Council on 28 Yuli 1971 aka yanke shawarar kirkiro tunawa zuwa 411 Odessa baturi. An ayi a kan wurin wurinta. A cikin tsohon farfajiya bamai babbar bindigogi ƙawata ramuka, overgrown itatuwa. Daya kawai gun matsayin nuna na tunawa, ya kawo daga irin wannan wurare a harbor na Soviet Far East.

Aukar hudu gagarumin Railway dandamali tare da 250-ton crane. Musamman a mayar da biyu gun mata yadi. A farko da na uku sun abada razvorocheny nakiyoyi. Amfani da su haifar da wani abin tunawa ga baturi 411 Odessa hotuna daga waɗanda sau, da kuma tarihi takardun.

Da bude daga cikin tunawa

A grand bude na tunawa hadaddun a kan bikin na 30th ranar tunawa da babbar nasara, May 9, 1975. A bikin shi ne shahararren mawãƙi, dakaru da Gyan, biya ziyara zuwa wuri na baturi a lokacin yaki, Konstantin Simonov. Ya karanta ayoyin a kan soja da jigogi. Speakers hada da wakilai daga gwamnati da kuma soja masana.

Tattara da dama soja kayan aiki na lokaci: da karkashin ruwa jirgin ruwan "Baby", da jirgin sama, anti-aircraft da bindigogi, sulke jiragen kasa, makamai masu linzami, torpedoes, karkashin ruwa da bama-bamai, minesweeper, kuma ko da trams, wanda a lokacin yaki cruised daga "Zastava 2 - gaban" kuma ya fitar da rauni .

Odessa Museum 411 Baturi

Yana da wani tarihi gidan kayan gargajiya kare memory 411 baturi Odessa zuwa adireshin: titi Dacha Kovalevsky, 150. gudanar kowace rana, fãce Jumma'a, daga 10,00 to 17.00. Balaguro din, duka kungiyar da mutum, za a iya shirya da kiran da gidan kayan gargajiya gwamnati.

A gidan kayan gargajiya farfado na zuwa sojoji 411 baturi Odessa, photos na waɗanda sau, photos, shugabannin sojojinka da talakawa Gunners, su na sirri mallakarmu, takardun da sauran tarihi taskõkin. Gudanar da wani ban sha'awa yawon shakatawa yawon shakatawa, a lokacin da baƙi za su koyi da yawa facts daga rayuwar baturi 411 Odessa, tarihi na halitta da na ainihi version na ceto da sojoji, ba yadu da aka sani daga kowa mutane.

Yadda za a samu da tunawa?

A hadaddun za a iya isa ta tram lambar 19 daga 16th tashar na Big Fountain. A karshe tasha - 411 baturi Odessa. Yadda za a samu a can da bas zuwa tunawa? Too sauki. Sai su yi tafiya kadan. Daga tsakiyar birnin tare da Cathedral Square tafi yawan 175 da kuma yawan 185. Daga Peresypskogo gada da ke kai tsaye bas yawan 191. Daga Krivobalkovskogo hurumi zai dauki yawan 197. Zaka kuma iya zuwa a kan kafar daga zango na karshe na trolleybuses lambar 12, yawan 7, yawan 11 a Zanen titi.

Duk wani Odessa wa ni'ima daga yawon bude ido da kuma duk wanda ya so su nuna hanya mafi guntu zuwa babban jan hankali na birni-gwarzo na Odessa.