Marubuci Yuri Olesha: biography, photos da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Ba kamar sauran marubuta, ya bar baya ba sosai ga ayyukan Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. Tarihinsa ko da yake bakin ciki, amma shi ne cike da karin bayanai. Kamar mawallafa, da dama daga cikin sauyi lokaci, Olesha kai summits na daraja, zama mai sadaukarwa adadi a cikin babbar matasa kasar. To, don me a ganiya shi ta shahararsa ya kusan daina yi da kuma juya a cikin wani zullumi mashayi-bara?

Manzon Allah Sallallahu iyaye na gaba marubuci

Yuri Olesha (marubuci, wanda da yawa kuskure imani yaro) an haife shi a wani iyali na zuriyar matalauta Polish nobility. Sau da yawa a cikin tarihin rayuwa da marubucin ya rubuta cewa mahaifinsa na zuriyar mai daraja iyali daga Belarus. Wannan ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya. Lalle ne, Olesha - mai sunan shahara Belarushiyanci nobility na XVI karni. Duk da haka, a kan lokaci sun yarda Katolika da kuma mayar da su Poland. A saboda wannan dalili, a farkon XX karni. iyali Yuri Karlovich Olesha ya xari bisa dari Yaren mutanen Poland.

Ko da yake uwar nan gaba marubuci (Olympia Vladislavovna) da kuma mahaifinsa (Carl Antonovich) - sun kasance mãsu daraja haihuwa, saboda matsalolin kudi da matsaloli da iyali yi ya zauna tsare. Karl Olesha ya yi aiki a matsayin wani excise hukuma.

Bayan juyin juya hali, da Olympia da Karl Olesha hijira daga Rasha Empire zuwa Poland, inda ya rayu har zuwa rasuwarsa. A marubuci kansa ki bar mahaifarsa, amma sosai gogaggen rabuwa da iyalansu. Wa ya sani, watakila da ya tsufa, ko kaicon da ya ƙi barin tare da Yuri Olesha iyaye. Biography shi sa'an nan iya ƙara sama sosai daban. Ko da yake, watakila, da basira zai iya cikakken bayyana ne kawai a kasarsa.

Yuriy Karlovich Olesha: taƙaitaccen biography na yarantaka

Birthplace na marubucin "Three Fat Men" a Elisavetgrad (har zuwa 2016 - Kirovohrad, yanzu - Kropyvnytskyi) a Fabrairu 1899

A farkon shekaru 3 na rayuwa ba wani abu na ƙwarai rarrabe Yuri Olesha. Biography yara a litattafan yawanci lowers elesavetgradsky lokaci na rayuwarsa, da wani girmamawa a kan marubuci iyayen matsawa zuwa Odessa. Bayan duk, wannan birni ya zama real gida shi, kazalika da shimfiɗar jariri, domin da basira.

A 'yan shekaru bayan motsi Yuriy Karlovich Olesha Rishelevsky sa suna a makaranta. A nan sai ya zama sha'awar wasan kwallon kafa, har ma ya dauki kashi a birnin gasa a gefe na motsa jiki a. Duk da haka, saboda matsalolin da zuciya da wani yãro, nan da nan ya ba da sama da kuka fi so sha'awa. Amma ya zarar samu wani sabon - shayari ayyukansu.

Fascinated da ayyukan Gumilyov, ko da a cikin shekaru na nazari a makarantar sakandare ya fara rubuta nasu waqe matasa Yuri Olesha. A marubuci, wanda biography aka buga a dukkan litattafan na kasar - shi ke yadda na gan ta nan gaba hazaka makaranta. Musamman wahayi zuwa gare fatan cewa "Klarimondu" da aka buga a cikin "Journal na ta Kudu". Duk da haka, jagorancin da dakin motsa jiki bai son su so ga almajiri, sai saurayin haramta rubuta wakoki, kuma a lokacin ya bar wallafe-wallafen kokarin.

A juyin juya halin Musulunci 1917 Olesha nasarar sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare da kuma sa suna a cikin wani gida jami'a ta dokar baiwa.

Saka hannu cikin Odessa "Team na kasida"

Amma bai zama lauya Olesha Yuriy Karlovich. Tarihinsa da aka canza da juyin juya halin na 1917 da kuma tarzomar canje-canje a cikin ginin zamantakewa na kasar.

Kamar da yawa daga cikin wallafe-wallafen abokai - Kataev, I. Ilf da E. Bagritsky, Olesha hadu duk wannan da farin ciki da kuma bege na zargin wani sabon, mafi alheri kuma mafi kawai duniya. So ya zama wani ɓangare na shi, bayan shekaru 2 na binciken matasa ya ragu daga da kuma mayar da hankali a kan yi wa wallafe-wallafen aiki. Zai yiwu impetus ga wannan ma shi ne cewa a cikin shekara ta 1919 a nan gaba marubuci ya kasance m tare da zazzabi da kuma arko.

Abin da ya zahiri, amma bayan ya bar jami'a, Olesha, tare da Ilf, Kataev da sauran abokan aiki, shirya wani wallafe-wallafen kungiyar "The gama na kasida."

Wannan ma'aikata dade 2 shekaru. A wannan lokaci a cikin sahu aka ziyarci by game da 20 sanannun wallafe-wallafen Figures (ciki har da Vladimira Sosyuru, Faith Ibner da Zinaida Shishova).

A tarurruka, "Collective na kasida", mahalarta karanta nasu ayyukan, da kuma karanta shayari na Mayakovsky, wanda ya yi musu da misali daga shayari na zamanin.

Bugu da kari ga wallafe-wallafen marece, Olesha kuma comrades aka tsunduma a ilimi da ayyukan. A musamman, sũ ne ke raba littattafai daga cikin ma'aikatan da kuma Red Army, kazalika da haifar da naka library.

Active kuma mai dausayi aiki "Team kasida" da aka gani a Moscow, da kuma a shekara ta 1922 da yawa daga cikinsu an gayyace su matsa zuwa cikin babban birnin kasar da Tarayyar Soviet, ko yin aiki a cikin wasu muhimmanci biranen kasar. Saboda gaskiya cewa babban shugabannin da wallafe-wallafen kungiyar bar Odessa - shi m.

Yuri Karlovich bar birnin bakin teku a shekara kafin taron - ya aka kira su zuwa ga yin aiki a Kharkov.

Uku Muses Yuri Olesha

A matasa marubuci yana da dalilai da dama da su bar garinsu. Daya daga cikinsu - a mace.

Duk da yake har yanzu kasancewa daya daga cikin shugabannin da "Team na Writers," Na yi a wani soyayya dangantaka da Serafimoy Gustavovnoy Suok Yuri Olesha.

Biography ƙaunataccen marubuci ya nuna a fili cewa ta kasance mace ce da m dabi'u. Duk da haka, a lokacin, a fannin a bohemian hali da jũna yayi da kuma ko da m.

Kunsha a ainihin halin da Oleshye, Seraphima (Sima) ya bude wani gajeren romance tare da daya daga cikin 'yan kasuwa. Akwai jita-jita cewa shi aka yi kusan a request daga Olesha da Kataeva. Wai da maza fatan cewa da kyau na Shem iya samun daga m suitor rabon abinci cards ko wasu kaya a takaice wadata, wanda aka rasa a lokacin yunwa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da Swauk koma ya zauna tare da "tallafawa", Yuri Karlovich ya ji tsoron cewa ƙauna daya har abada, ya ɗauke ta ta gida.

Abin baƙin ciki, bayan da ya dawo nan da sannu giddy Simochka fascinated Soviet mawãƙi Vladimir Narbut kuma tafi daga Olesha, zama matarsa sabon da kuma hangen zaman zaba.

A fargaba jefa marubuci aure ta 'yar'uwarsa Olga, wanda ya zama na aminci abõkinsa ga rayuwa.

Duka 'yan'uwa mãtã Swauk zama samfur na "Three Fat Men" na protagonist. Kuma idan ƙa'ida wannan aikin da aka kishin Zhene Oleshi, da ainihin yanayin da harafin da aka kofe daga m Simochka, wanda gudanar ziyarci aure sau biyu more bayan kisan aure da repressed Narbut.

Bugu da kari ga 'yan'uwa mãtã Swauk ya Yuri Karlovich wani Muse, ga abin da ya rubuta da "Three Fat Men". Sunan wannan kyakkyawa - Valentine Leontievna Gryunzayd. Ko da yake a lokacin da suka hadu - ta kasance wata yarinya mai suna Valya. Olesha aka fascinated da ta yaro ta alheri da ya yi alkawarin rubuta zuwa ta labari, wanda baya yi. Har ila yau, ya wani lokacin joked cewa a lokacin da Gryunzayd girma - ba ya aure ta. Amma kamar yadda manya, Valentine ya zama matar abokinsa - Petrov.

Columnist a cikin "Bugun sautin"

Bayan motsi a 1921 a Kharkov, ya fara aiki a matsayin marubucin na waqoqi da kuma m labarbaru Yuri Olesha. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi a wannan lokaci za a iya bayyana a matsayin: aiki da kuma aikin sake. Yuri Karlovich aiki yayin da ƙara zama rare. Kuma ba ya tunanin zuciya da rauni bayan rabu da Sima, Olesha cikakken mayar da hankali a kan aiki - domin kyawawan dalilai. A cikin shekara na aikin in Kharkov aka canjawa wuri zuwa babban birnin kasar na Tarayyar Soviet.

A nan sai ya zama wani aiki takara a wallafe-wallafen rayuwa, da kuma gana da yawa daga cikin gumaka.

An ciyar a cikin jaridar "fito", marubucin wallafa shi a cikin m, funny satires, wanda lashe soyayya na karatu a fadin kasar. A wannan yanayin, yana amfani da laƙabin na "kurfi".

Nasarar a cikin wallafe-wallafen filin da amincewa da hukumomin da ke sa wa marubuci tunani game da rubutu a manyan litattafan.

Revolutionary-romantic labari "The Three Fat Men"

A farko da manyan aiki na Yuri Karlovich Olesha da aka yi alkawarinsa kwarin Gryunzayd labari - "The Three Fat Men." Ko da yake an buga shi a 1929, marubucin ya rubuta shi da yawa a baya - a 1924

A wannan labarin game da wuya-aiki mutane fafitikar da kitsen maza-parasites marubuci aiwatuwa duk da juyin juya halin Musulunci akida. Wannan littafi na cike da metaphors da tatsuniyoyi, ko da yake ta mãkirci wani wurin da sihiri.

Duk da cewa wannan littafi da aka rubuta domin Valentina Gryunzayd, babban harafin da wannan labari (Acrobat Swauk), Yuri Karlovich mai suna a cikin girmamawa tsohon lover kuma yanzu matarsa.

Ko da yake shekaru masu yawa sun shude tun da aka kafa "Three Fat Men" - babu shakka, wannan shi ne mafi kaffa aikin da aka rubuta Yuri Olesha. Biography, da rashin alheri, bayan halittar wannan labari ne a hankali ya fara juya a cikin wani mafarki mai ban tsoro. Bayan duk, da Soviet gwamnatin dauki kadan zalunci na adawa. Tashin hankalin da wannan halin da ake ciki ta'allaka ne da cewa, mafi yawan artists aka fuskanci wani zabi: sallama ga hukunci, kuma zuwa zama wani azzalumi ko mika wuya da kuma a murƙushe ta totalitarian na'ura.

A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, da yawa daga cikin abokai da kuma acquaintances na marubuci a ko ta wani hanya zama wadanda ke fama da wani sabon al'adu da manufofin. Ya cizon yatsa Yuri Karlovich aka bayyana a cikin wasu manyan ayyuka - labari "hassada".

"Hassada" Yuriya Oleshi

A shekara ta 1927, a cikin "Red Virgin Kasar gona" da aka fara buga Roman Oleshi - "hassada." Tsananin magana, wannan aikin da aka ba da farko manyan aikin Yuri Karlovich. Saboda a wannan lokacin shi ya riga an rubuta, "Uku Fat Men", amma su za ta buga 2 shekaru daga baya.

The labari "hassada" da aka warmly samu ta hanyar sukar da kuma masu karatu. Mafi m, wannan shi ne saboda cewa shi Olesha bayyana ban tausayi rabo na zamani ilimi wanda bã ya kamãta a cikin sabon Soviet al'umma.

Duk da haka, kawai kamar wata shekara, labari "hassada" wani batu na mutuncin zargi, saboda shi ba ya dace da gurguzu da labarun almara.

A halin yanzu, akwai Yuri Olesha biography kayyade ba kawai, amma kuma daruruwan sauran artists wanda aka ba a bukata wani sabon kasar, amma ba su iya barin. Jita-jita da shi da cewa image na Andrei Babichev aka soke zama tare da Mayakovsky.

Wannan labari ya sa a dama, ya miƙa ta mahalicci to saman. Kuma bayan buga "Three Fat Men" marubucin ya zama sananne ne a matsayin wani Soviet marubuci. Yanzu, kusan duk wani littafi akwai manyan ko kananan biography Yuriya Oleshi. Yana da jũna, a gaban shi jiran wani maraba haske nan gaba - amma wannan bai faru ba.

Creative ciki Oleshi

Kamar yadda wani m mutum, Yuri Karlovich ya quite m, kuma ba su lura da canje-canje a cikin al'umma a cikin marigayi 20 ta - farkon 30-ies. kawai iya ba. Bugu da kari ga m cizon yatsa a cikin akida na juyin juya hali, Olesha sha wahala wani bala'i. Abin da ya so ya rubuta, ba su da sha'awar iko. Haka kuma, shi ne ba kawai dauke ba dacewa, amma sannu a hankali yakan mallaki halin doka.

A cikin mahallin Soviet hakikanci shi ya rubuta ko abin da za ku samu daga jam'iyyar, ko kada ka rubuta a duk. Wannan kawai isa ya zama a kan, idan kome ya rubuta? The fiye da haka, saboda marubucin ba ya buga ta atomatik lasafta ga m. Kuma shi ya riga wani laifi.

Masanan basu ji dadin a halin yanzu wallafe-wallafe, Yuri Olesha zama tawayar da kuma fara sha sau da yawa. A 'yan shekarun baya, ya zama na kullum giya. Aggravated ya yanayin labarai game da zalunci daga cikin abokan aiki. A kunar bakin Mayakovsky (wanda ya zarar shiriya ga marubuci a cikin adabi) da kuma ba rafke kiwon lafiya Yury Karlovich.

'yan shekarun nan

Duk da kiwon lafiya da matsaloli, shan barasa da ciki marubuci, ya rayu shekaru 30 da suka mutu a cikin May 1960

A mafi daukan hankali nasara Oleshi a cikin wannan lokaci su ne 'tsarin sautinsu. Su aka buga a matsayin mai raba littafin "Babu rana ba tare da wani layin" bayan marubucin mutuwa.

Duk da haka, idan blogs - yana aiki ga rai, sa'an nan rai "jiki" Yuri Karlovich aikata ta hanyar rubutu kwaikwaiyo da kuma screenplays. Mafi yawan su - da karbuwa daga Chekhov ayyukan, Dostoevsky, Kuprin da kuma "Three Fat Men" da "hassada".

A daidai wannan lokaci akwai guda da nasa abun da ke ciki. A musamman, "Mutuwa Zanda." Wannan ba a kare ba aiki a kan rabo daga kwaminis marubuci Zandi, Olesha kokarin bayyana ra'ayoyi a kewaye gurguzu gaskiya.

A karshe shekaru da dama na rayuwarsa kusan roƙe Olesha Yury Karlovich. Biography yara, wanda aka bauta wa da yawa a cikin litattafan, da wuya ba Ya kula da wannan al'amari. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan lokaci na rayuwa da marubuci ya jagoranci kusan rashin gida.

Ganin cewa ya ba da nasu gidaje, da kuma author of "hassada" zauna sau da yawa wani daga abokai ko idon sani. Bugu da kari ga rare wallafe-wallafen albashi, don samun kudi ga abinci taimake shi banal rokon a kan titi. A sha ya yiwu saboda da mafi m matasa Soviet marubuta wanda bi da shi, daga daraja da girma da basira.

Da yake matasa dandy, da ya tsufa, Yury Karlovich ya je a Rags.

Ya mutu marubuci daga banal ciwon zuciya.

Kamar yadda tsohon marubuci, aka binne shi a cikin hurumi Novodevechem Moscow. A farko jere na farko sashe.

Ko a lokacin da yake giya ciki Yuri Olesha joked cewa ya fi son cewa jana'izar da aka yafi suna fadin fiye da ya kamata ga wallafe-wallafen abin yabo. A lokaci guda zai samu a lokacin rayuwa na kudi darajar da bambanci na biyu bikin.

Yuri Olesha: biography, ban sha'awa facts

• A 'yan qasar harshen yaro wannan babban Soviet marubuci ji Yaren mutanen Poland. Rasha da ya koya daga baya, da suke zaune a Odessa. A wannan da ya taimaka da kakarsa, wanda ya koya a lokaci guda yaron ta ilmin lissafi.
• Yuri Karlovich 'yar'uwarsu Wanda. Ta aka haife shekaru biyu baya fiye da ɗan'uwansa. A nan gaba marubuci tun suna yara aka sosai a haɗe zuwa ta da tsanani tsira ta mutuwa daga typhus. Babbar duka shi ne, Wanda kama da Yuri, wanda ya gano, kuma shi ne - ba.
• A cikin littafin Valentin Kataev "Diamond ta kambi", a Bugu da kari Esenina, Ilf da kuma Babel, kuma aka Zagayawar da Yuri Olesha. Tarihinsa, duk da haka, da ɗan masked, da kuma marubuci kansa bayyana a karkashin sunan da artist-metaforista key. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan aiki ne ba quite yarda da mutum ya bayyana, kuma Sima Suok. Ta aka bai wa laƙabi "masoyi."
• Olga Gustavovna Swauk, ya zama na farko da kawai matar wani marubuci a lokacin da ya courtship ya riga aure kuma yana da ɗa. Bayan da ya aure tare da Olga Olesha dauki wa stepson.
• A lokacin daga 1936 zuwa 1956. Oleshi ayyukansu ba a buga. Bayan da abolition na unofficial ban ya zama wurin sa a matsayin yara marubuci Yuri Olesha. Short biography yara tare da kusan kowace littafin "Three Fat Men". A wannan yanayin, an wuya ambata bakin ciki ya kuma mafi tsanani ayyukansu.
• Ko da taƙaitaccen biography Yuriya Karlovicha Oleshi ƙunshi bayanin da daga sosai yara mafarki tafiya. Duk da haka, a cikin matasa ya da wani kudi ga wannan. Girma da kuma ba da aka rubuta a cikin adabi na gurguzu hakikanci, marubucin bai yi tafiya kasashen waje, kuma an har abada hana damar ganin duniya kamar yadda ya yiwu wa aboki Ilf. Kusan a duk lokaci na rayuwarsa (kuma a ganiya na daraja, da kuma a cikin shekaru na ciki) Olesha mafi hakuri shi ke game da shi.