Lemar sararin samaniya (sinadari) Properties dabara nadi

Yana da musamman m ga dukan 'yan adam da kaddarorin a gas kamar lemar sararin samaniya. Sinadarin, wanda shi ne kafa, - wannan oxygen O. A gaskiya, lemar sararin samaniya Yã ₃ - daya allotropic gyare-gyare oxygenation kunshi raka'a hudu na formular (Ya ÷ Yã ÷ G). A farko, kuma sananne fili - ne da kanta oxygen gas ne daidai da cewa shi ne kafa ta biyu kwayoyin halitta (D = Yã) - Yã _2.

Allotropy - da ikon da wani sinadari mai samar da wata dama daban-daban Properties na sauki mahadi. Godiya ga mutãne, kuma yayi nazari ta amfani da abubuwa irin su lu'u-lu'u da kuma graphite, monoclinic da orthorhombic sulfur, oxygen, da kuma lemar sararin samaniya. Sinadarin da ciwon irin ikon da aka ba dole ba ne iyakance zuwa biyu kawai gyare-gyare, wasu fiye da su.

Tarihi na samu mahadi

A bangaren naúrar na da yawa kwayoyin da inorganic abubuwa, ciki har da kamar lemar sararin samaniya - da wani sinadari wanda alama ce O - Oxygen, a Greek «oxys» - m, da kuma «gignomai» - haihu.

Domin da farko lokacin da wani sabon allotropic gyara na oxygen a lokacin da gwaje-gwajen da lantarki jini gano a 1785 da Dutchman Martijn van Maroun, ya janyo hankali na wari. A karni na baya Bafaranshe Kirista Friedrich Schönbein lura gaban guda bayan wani hadari, inda gas da aka mai suna "ƙanshi". Amma wasu masana kimiyya tã rũɗe su, imani da cewa su ji na wari scented kansa lemar sararin samaniya. Wari da cewa sun ji mallakar gudanar da mahadi oxidized ta maida martani da Ya _3, a matsayin gas ne sosai amsawa.

lantarki tsarin

A wannan tsarin gutsure ne O2 da O3 - wani sinadari. Lemar sararin samaniya yana da wani hadadden tsarin. A oxygen ne har yanzu sauki - biyu kwayoyin halitta da oxygen shiga ta biyu bond kuma kunsha ϭ- π-bangaren, bisa ga valency na kashi. Game ₃ yana da dama resonant Tsarin. Mahara bond a haɗa da biyu oxygen, da kuma na uku yana da guda. Saboda haka, saboda hijirarsa π-bangaren, a total hoto na uku kwayoyin halitta ne daya da rabi connection. Wannan dangantaka ne ya fi guntu fiye da guda, amma fiye da biyu. Yiwuwar komawa kwayoyin masana kimiyya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da cire.

kira hanyoyin

Domin samuwar wani gas kamar lemar sararin samaniya, da wani sinadari mai Oxygen dole ne a wani gaseous matsakaici a cikin nau'i na mutum kwayoyin halitta. Irin wannan yanayi da ake halitta a cikin karo na oxygen kwayoyin da electrons Yã ₂ a lokacin lantarki jini ko wasu barbashi da high makamashi, da kuma lokacin da aka irradiated tare da riskar hasken ultraviolet.

Zaki ya share na jimlar adadin lemar sararin samaniya samar da photochemical hanya a cikin halitta yanayi yanayi. Mutane fi son amfani da sinadaran aiki na da wasu hanyoyin kamar, misali, electrolytic kira. Ya kunshi a cewa mai ruwa-ruwa electrolyte matsakaici platinum wayoyin sanya da kuma yarda halin yanzu. A dauki makirci:

H ₂ Ya + O ₂ → Yã ₃ + H ₂ + e ^-

jiki Properties

Oxygen (Ya) - naúrar bangaren kamar lemar sararin samaniya abu - sinadari wanda dabara da kuma zumunta matauni taro aka jera a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur. Ulla wani Yã ₃ tare da oxygen, da ta samu yana da kaddarorin fundamentally daban-daban daga wadanda Ya _2.

Gas blue - wannan ne na kowa Jihar irin wannan mahadi kamar lemar sararin samaniya. Chemical kashi dabara gwada yawa halaye - duk a tsare a cikin ganewa da kuma nazari na abu. Tafasar batu ga shi -111,9 ° C, liquefied jihar yana mai duhu purple launi, yayin da kara ragewan digiri to -197,2 ° C narkewa fara. A m jihar na tari lemar sararin samaniya zama baki launi da wani m ya dafa. Its solubility goma fiye da sau shi ne dukiya da oxygen Yã _2. Lokacin da mafi kananan yawa a cikin iska da wari daga lemar sararin samaniya, shi, mai kaifi ne, musamman da yayi kama da wari daga karfe.

sinadaran Properties

Very aiki, tare da wani dauki bisa, da gas ne lemar sararin samaniya. Chemical kashi cewa shi Forms - shi ne oxygen. Halaye da cewa sanin da hali na lemar sararin samaniya a cikin hulda da sauran abubuwa, - wani babban oxidizing ikon da rashin zaman lafiya da gas da kanta. A dagagge yanayin zafi, shi decomposes a wani mataki mai kudi, hanzarta aiwatar da catalysts kamar karfe oxides, chlorine dioxide, nitrogen da sauransu. Oxidant Properties muhimmi tsarin fasali na lemar sararin samaniya saboda da motsi na da kwayoyin da daya tare da oxygen kwayoyin halitta, wanda ya jũya a cikin cleaves oxygen gas: Yã ₃ → Yã ₂ + Ya ·

Oxygen (gini block daga abin da gina kwayoyin abubuwa irin oxygen da kuma lemar sararin samaniya) - sinadari. Kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin lissafai na dauki - About ·. Lemar sararin samaniya oxidizes duk karafa fãce zinariya, platinum, kuma ta subgroups. Yana reacts tare da gas a cikin yanayi - oxides na sulfur, nitrogen da sauransu. Ba kasance inert da kwayoyin abubuwa, musamman azumi matakai ne discontinuities mahara shaidu ta hanyar samuwar matsakaici mahadi. Shi ne ya zama wajibi da dauki kayayyakin ne m ga muhalli, da kuma mutane. Wannan ruwa, da iskan shaqa, mafi girma oxides na daban-daban abubuwa, oxides na carbon. Reaction da lemar sararin samaniya ba ya zo binary mahadi na alli, titanium da silicon da oxygen.

aikace-aikace

Babban yankin inda amfani da "ƙanshi" gas - shi ozonation. Irin wannan Hanyar sterilization ne yafi tasiri da kuma mafi aminci ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta fiye da chlorine disinfection. Lokacin da yana tsarkake ruwa tare da lemar sararin samaniya samuwar auku mai guba Kalam na methane m halogen sauya.

Ƙara, wannan muhalli Hanyar sterilization da ake amfani a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Lemar sararin samaniya bi da tare da refrigeration kayan aiki, ajiya wurare ga kayayyakin da taimako da shi gudanar da kau da kamshi.

Domin likita disinfectant Properties na lemar sararin samaniya ne ma ba makawa. Su disinfect da rauni, Saline mafita. Ozonated venous jini, kazalika da "ƙanshi" gas bi da wani yawan kullum cututtuka.

Kasancewa a cikin yanayin da darajar

Simple abu lemar sararin samaniya - kashi gas abun da ke ciki stratosphere yankin kusa da sarari ayi a nesa na game 20-30 km daga surface. Kadaici da wannan fili na faruwa a lokacin da matakai hade da lantarki jini, a lokacin waldi, da copier na'ura. Amma a cikin stratosphere shi ne kafa da kuma ƙunshi 99% na jimlar adadin lemar sararin samaniya ba a cikin yanayin duniya.

MUHIMMIN tabbatar da kasancewar gas a kusa-Duniya sarari. Yana Forms a cikinta ake kira lemar sararin samaniya Layer, wanda ya kare dukan rai daga mutuwa ultraviolet radiation hasken rana. Oddly isa, amma a kan wani par tare da wata babbar riba, da gas da kanta ne m da mutane. Kara taro na lemar sararin samaniya a cikin iska numfashi mutum cutarwa ga kwayoyin, saboda matsananci reactivity.