"Lapidary" - abin da ake wannan kuma me ya sa haka ya kira?

Daya zai zama da sauki don duba a cikin ƙamus na Latin kalmomi da kuma samun sakamakon: lapido a Rasha fassara a matsayin "dutse". Yanzu, daga cikin suna yi epithet. Saboda haka, "lapidary" kawai nufin "dutse"? A wasu lokuta, duk da haka, ya yi amfani da wannan ilimi mot? Za ka ce, "Ya kuwa yana zaune tare da lapidary fuska"? Watakila ba. Za ka kuma iya ba jumlar "lapidary gidan." Mafi sau da yawa, wannan epithet amfani a tare da tare da kalmomin "style" ko "style". Kuma kiran wani ta hanyar bayyana lapidary nufin yabe shi ko ta oratory basira. Kamar, "dutse" style ko style of rubutu tunani saukar a kan takarda alama ɓarna, unwieldy. Amma ga cikakken gane abin da ake nufi da "lapidary", kana bukatar ka yi kadan tarihi.

Menene rubuta bit ...

A zamanin da, da takardar bai sani a Turai. Bayyana rubutu rubuta a kan kakin Allunan. Lokacin da ta zama dole ba haruffa sharewa. Dan kadan mai tsanani da kakin spatula baje surface - da kuma sake yi wani blank takardar rubutun. Amma abin da ya yi tare da muhimmancin da ke jihar texts, dokokin, littafai na kasa da kasa yarjejeniyarsu? Za ka iya mana amfani da Papyrus. Amma sai da rubutu ba zai tona a kan babban square na gari ka san ko 'yan asalin tare da su. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa dokokina, da dokokinta da kuma sauran takardu na kasa muhimmancin da aka sassaka a dutse. Amma, saboda wannan abu - yana da wuya ga rubuce-rubuce, ra'ayin da itacen yana ba musamman yada. Tsoho paperwork ya dunkule, gajere, amma a lokaci guda ri, kuma m. Wannan style daga baya ake kira "lapidary". Ma'ana, don haka wasu canje-canje. Wannan ba hanya don bayyana ponderous da style cancantar a sassaka a dutse.

Dunkule da lapidary

Ancient Roma ya bar mana yawa stelae kuma Monuments, inda da ra'ayin da aka bayyana, a fili da kuma concisely, amma a lokaci guda kyau da kuma m. Biye da yan siyasa da suka so kai su nufin zuwa ga mutane, kamar yadda aka bayyana ya zama gane jawabai. Rhetoric, daya daga cikin tsakiyar sciences a zamanin d Roma, koyi ma'adanin na magana. Sauraro bukatar captivate kuma ba kasala. Ya haka lapidary - a gaskiya master of style. Bayan duk, shi ne muhimmanci ba su overdo shi. Wuce kima brevity zai iya haifar da kin amincewa da mafiya yawa daga cikin masu sauraro. Kamar yadda ya bayyana bakin mahaifin kansa, Horace, da more ka yi kokarin zama takaice dai, mafi m yi. A oratory ya muhimmanci a sami wani tsakiyar ƙasa: ma'ana, bayyanannu, a fili da kuma concisely ra'ayinsu, yayin da couching su a cikin wani fom da cewa za a shiga zuciya na saurarõnsu ko karatu.

Bugu da ari metamorphosis na kalmar "lapidary"

Wannan ikon magana da kyau da kuma a takaice ya zama kusan wata nagarta a zamanin d Roma. Amma tare da fall na babban daular oratory aka ba su rasa. Hakika, akwai lokatan lokuta a tarihi a lokacin da ta zo wurin bombastic fashion, m, verbose da flowery maganganu. Amma wannan salon na babban marubuta izgili. Alal misali, Shakespeare, da suka rayu kawai a irin wannan zamanin, rubuta: "The mafi kalmomi - da kasa nauyi suke da shi." Kuma babban Rasha classic Leo Tolstoy ce cewa taƙaitaccen tunani ne mai kyau, saboda sun sa mafi hankali mai karatu zuwa ga tunani. A daukan hankali misali lapidary style ne da faxin. Wannan gajeren sentences a wadda mai zurfi da tunani da aka bayyana a fili. Yana da ban dariya, amma akwai Jagora game da brevity. Ba abin mamaki ba Anton Pavlovich Chehov ce game da shi. Ya mallaki magana cewa duk m - sauki da kuma brevity - 'yar'uwar iyawa.

"Lapidary": ajalin cikin zamani art

Brevity, tsabta, conciseness - Waɗannan su ne halaye da zai riƙe zamani art. A tawayen da yayi wa da ilimi style, shi ya koma ga wani sassauka amma mai iko shanyewar jiki, m, haske launuka ba tare da halftones. Yana da nufin nuna rayuwa kamar yadda yake, ba tare da ƙawa da gaskiya. Ga yadda za a bayyana cubism a 1921, daya daga cikin uzuri, SK Makovsky: "The neman sauyi style of zanen lapidary. Wannan sabon art bai yarda da rashin ladabi, an koshi wannan corny. " Wadanda aukuwa shafa ba kawai lafiya art na farkon karni na ashirin, amma kuma wallafe-wallafe. Kuma a lokacin mu da shi ya samu wani amfani da Kalmar "minimalism" - wani irin lapidary style a ciki zane.

Empire

Duk wanda ya ga ginin, gina a cikin Empire style, shakka. Abin da zai iya yi da na kowa, wannan arziki, sannan suka yi wa ado da dutse kayan ado da gine-gine da karfe malleable whopper da lapidary? Empire - shi ne mai modified kalmar "daular". The style zama gaye a cikin sau na Napoleon Bonaparte. Daga baya, sai aka ɗauke shi sama a lokacin da sabuntawa. A vastness na Tarayyar Soviet da aka sani na da ban sha'awa offshoot - Stalin ta daular. Saboda haka, abin da ya kawo kayan ado da apples, pears, mirgina a daga wani cornucopia, nauyi moldings da sickles, guduma, da kariminci, idan ba - overly ado cornices da style, da ake kira "lapidary"? Wannan ruhaniya dangane da Ancient Roma. Kamar yadda ka tuna, a kan lapidary da muka sani daga cikin tunawa stele da inscriptions. Domin gine-gine a cikin Empire style halin da tsoho ginshikan, pilasters, da kuma muradi na Olympic mythology friezes, kazalika da gajeren lapidary inscriptions a cikin yabo da} ungiyoyin da kuma jama'a nagarta.