Kronotsky Lake - da lu'u-lu'u na Kamchatka

Kronotsky Lake - most halitta tafki na Kamchatka Territory, m kuma unexplored har karshen. Its sunan fassara daga Itelmen matsayin "mai tsayi". Hankalin masana kimiyya, wadannan kyawawan wurare sun janyo hankalin kwanan nan ta tarihi nagartacce: a farkon karni na karshe (1908) kasance na farko da takardun samar da P. Yu. Shmidtom. A cikin balaguro ya yi tafiya a kusa da tafkin zuwa gabas da arewa tarnaƙi, bada wani bayanin wannan ban mamaki jiki na ruwa da kuma kara zuwa da shi a topographical zane na yankin. Duk da rahotannin da aka tushen kawai a kan data samu daga 'yan asalin mazaunan wadannan wurare - Itelmen, tun kadaici da tabkuna da kuma wuya ƙasa sun kasance tsanani shãmaki, kare da wani intrusion. Kawai a 1920 da masanin kimiyyar R. Malles iya ziyarci wadannan wurare, wani cikakken taswira, da kuma warware asirin haihuwa na kandami.

halaye na

The lake ne 242 km², da kuma catchment yankin - kamar 2.330 murabba'in kilomita. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin shi dama a cikin 10 manyan koguna .: Arewa, Unana, Uzon, larch da sauransu aiki da hanyar, kunno kai daga kandami, kogin Krodakyg (Kronotsky), tashin hankali da kuma capricious, shawo kan da yawa cikas. A m girma na ruwa (12.4 cu km) Lake ne na biyu mafi girma a yankin. M Zurfin. Kuma ko da yake da talakawan ne 58 m, mafi bayyanannun wurare suna alama sosai nagari Figures - 136 m Domin duk na sama sigogi Kronotsky lake ne sha shida a cikin jerin daga cikin mafi girma Rasha da kuma zurfin tabkuna. Add cewa, an kuma gano a cikin na musamman kyau na wuri wanda yake shi ne sanannen domin ta m Kamchatka.

Abinci na gargajiya kandami - snow da kuma ruwan sama. The lake freezes a watan Disamba da kuma bude karshen May. Ice cover wuraren kai kauri mita. The ruwa matakin dabam a daban-daban sau da wani mawadãta daga sama zuwa 'yan decimeters. A gabashin ɓangare na lake aka yi wa ado da 11 tsibiran, falalen sama a madubi na ruwa na 25-50 m. Dukan su ɗauki sunayen fice masana kimiyya da kuma matafiya, suka halarci a cikin Kamchatka balaguro na farkon karni na 20th: Komarov, Conradi, Baer et al.

Kronotsky lake aka bambanta da ta triangular siffar, don haka unaccustomed ga halitta tafki. An bayyana tsanani da iyakancewa m ridges da volcanic jerin kunshi 16 volcanoes, 12 na wanda aiki.

Ina Lake Kronotsky

Wannan ba sabanin wani lake kandami is located a daidai m Kamchatka halitta hadaddun - da Kronotsky Nature Reserve, a cikin uku dozin kilomita daga cikin shahararrun geyser Valley.

A gefen gabas, 8 km daga tafkin dake aman wuta Kronotsky aman wuta, zuwa kudu - 10 km - Krasheninnikov aman wuta. Yana kammala hoto na wani m dutsen Schmidt, tanã fita a arewa maso gabashin.

Kronotsky lake: Origin

Yana kafa wani kandami na kusan dubu 10. Shekaru da suka wuce. An located a cikin caldera na aman wuta, sabili da haka aka a baya zaton asalin ne volcanic a yanayi. A gaskiya ma, an tabbatar da cewa gabãta bayyanar da lake volcanoes, ya kira yau sunayen masana kimiyya Kronotsky da Krasheninnikov. Sun sa a overlapping na zamanin d kogin gado na m da kuma iko lawa adibas. A sakamakon wannan bala'i ya dutsen tafki a tsawon 372 m saman teku matakin, located in daya daga cikin mafi kyau wurare a duniya - a cikin kafa na aman wuta kronotsky.

Features

The lake ne mai ban sha'awa ba kawai asalin amma kuma halittar wani raba halitta hadaddun a cikin ta kan iyakokinsu.

A outflow na ruwa ne a ketaren kogi, da tashar da yake a cikin sama da ya kai a kan 12 km ne kusan cluttered iko Rapids, ba na ba da damar da za ka tafi kifi a cikin lake. A sakamakon haka, godiya ga dogon lokacin da kadaici a cikin wani kandami kafa musamman irin sockeye kifi (Kokanee) da kuma da dama iri loach endemic kungiyoyin. Irin wannan inji na samuwar nau'in - abu na nazari ga ichthyologists. Duk da haka, a source na kogin kowace shekara don spawn yakan karamin adadin kogin da kuma wucewa dolly Varden, da kuma samu 'yan rare lokuta, da nassi na coho kifi.

Biota

Game da Kronotsky Lake da aka sani zuwa yanzu ba duk. Pacific tsibirin sanaki mazauna na seagulls. Ba a isa nesa daga Coast (30-45 km), wadannan sheƙarsu - a rare sabon abu. An ce ruwan kasa bears iyo a tsibirin ci qwai da gulls.

Kronotsky lake, da cibiyar wata halitta hadaddun, kewaye da mamaki da kyau yanayi. Akwai relict samfurori da kuma sosai m nau'in. Alal misali, kawai girma a nan Kamchatka larch da kuma samu Ayan spruce.

The m larch - sheƙarsu na rare tsuntsaye (ungulu, Steller ta teku mikiya), da kewaye duwãtsu ne gida peregrine Falcons, Angulaye da gaggafa.

Amma da alama wannan shahararre wuri ne Swans. A lokacin rani su ne kusan ba a bayyane, kamar yadda a cikin tafkin tasa ne 'yan wurare dace da nesting. By farkon hunturu farawa gabatowa m na wadannan almara tsuntsaye.

Wannan shi ne, Kronotskoye m lake - wani sihiri wuri a kan Kamchatka Larabawa.