Kaji asali bilefelder: siffofin da kuma shawarwari don kiwo

Kaji asali bilefelder aka janye shahara makiyayin G. Rott a 70-ies na XX karni. A matsayin mai raba asali su gane a 1980, a 1983-84. akwai Dwarf iri. Sunan "bilefelder" waɗannan tsuntsaye samu a cikin girmamawa ga birni a West Germany, inda dukan labarin fara.

Features irin

Wadannan tsuntsaye a rana bayan Hatching, za a iya bambanta mace da kuma maza. A sosai gagarumin amfani da kudin-tasiri ga Runduna, alhãli kuwa ba musamman. Kaji haske launin ruwan kasa launi, da "eyeliner" a kusa da idanu da kuma bũlãla a inda bai dace ba, maza - da wani haske, kodadde rawaya launi.

Na biyu bayãnin hukuncin alama ne launi bilefelderov - rare canza launi, da ake kira "krill" zinariya-sofane baki ko azurfa baki da kuma taguwar.

The hukuma sunan "bilefelder" aka bayar da dutse Disamba 30, 1978, da kuma gabatar da ya faru ko da a baya - a shekarar 1976.

Halaye hens da zakaru

Roosters misali dole ne m wuyansa, kuma na sama da baya, da kuma kafadu - kukushechnogo launi. Chest - rawaya ko m shaho juna, yellow kafafu da kuma duhu launin toka-fuki kukushechnye ko matsakaici size.

Hens ne mafi uniform a launi fiye da roosters, da zinariya-m kirji da shaho juna a kan mayar da reshe lokuta. A wutsiya gashinsa na mace ne quite duhu, yayin da a namiji suna da launin toka-kukushechnye saman da rawaya faci a kasa.

Bilefeldery - nauyi manyan kaji nama da kwai shugabanci da dogon baya mike da convex nono. Bã su da wani elongated jiki da kuma takardar-kamar dagi a kai, da cikakken tare da 'yan kunne da kuma ja earlobes. Adult maza za su iya tattarawa har zuwa 4.5 kg, mace - 3.9 kg.

Kaji asali bilefelder resistant zuwa sanyi, saboda haka ba za su iya rayuwa a cikin zaman lafiya a Rasha sauyin yanayi.

Dalilin selection

G. Rott so ya kawo tsuntsu, ba batun cuta, tare da dadi da nama, zai iya ba da wani yawa na qwai, amma shi ne hanzari girma da kuma resistant zuwa sanyi. Kaji yi a kwantar da hankula da kuma m, kuma su qwai - manyan size, na yau da kullum da kuma siffar launi.

Duk da cewa ya ya cimma a kaji bilefelder. Duk da cewa wannan shi ne daya daga cikin sabuwar Jamus breeds, shi da sauri ya zama mashahuri a cikin shayarwa da kuma yada a ko'ina Jamus.

Akwai da yawa daga cikinsu a yanzu. A wasu kasashe, kamar Ingila da Netherlands, su ne ba na kowa da ba a manyan lambobi, kamar yadda ba su da musamman - akwai wasu autoseksnye kankara, da kuma da yawa daga irin kaji iya gasa da bilefelderami a kan yawan aiki da kuma nama inganci.

kwai-kwanciya halaye

Birds sa 180-200 qwai a kowace shekara, launin ruwan kasa a launi, yayin da girman da kwai manyan isa da kuma weighs 65 grams. A cewar wannan nuna alama, su ne m tare da Wyandotte, wani American irin, ko da yake ba za su iya isa da matakin da cewa bambanta wadannan na musamman kwai breeds kamar Leghorn fari.

Rush fara a 5.5 - 6 watanni, da kuma, da ta dace ciyar da kuma gidaje, ci gaba da yin haka a ko'ina cikin shekara. Matsakaicin yawan aiki - a farkon watanni 12 na rayuwa, to, shi ne da ɗan rage (amma wannan shi ne wani na kowa alama ga mutane da yawa tsuntsaye).

yanayin da ake tsare

Manya asali kaji bilefelder sosai a kwantar da hankula da kuma zaman lafiya ko da kusa da feeders haka kana bukatar ka tabbatar da cewa sun load up. A rage cin abinci na kajin bukatar mai yawa na gina jiki da kuma alli (cikin sharuddan kifi kayayyakin dace don samar da nama, masara, kiwo kayayyakin, ko a madadin, a shirye su ciyar kamar PC-5).

A na kowa yi ba a bushe kare abinci ga kaji da shekaru 1.5-5 watanni, to rama domin ake bukata adadin ma'adanai.

kaji gidan

Birds bukatar mai kyau, high quality gina wani kaza Coop da perches, daftarin-free, zai fi dacewa da thermal rufi (a cikin m hunturu iya yi ba tare da dumama). Shin biyu da sau uku tiers na perches kada ta kasance - nauyi hens, kuma, kokarin hawa sama, zã a tunkuɗa da kuma fada a banza. Bugu da kari, ya kamata ya kasance fili aviary ko lambu / lambu.

Kura ko da kwai?

Idan akwai wani incubator da kuma kwarewa a cikin kaji kiwo, ba za ka iya saya "ƙari" a cikin nau'i na qwai. Safarar su a cikin wannan hanya ce mafi sauki da (kuma sau da yawa wani gandun daji manomi ne daruruwan kilomita daga juna).

Duk da haka, idan kwarewa (ko amincewa) A'a, mafi alhẽri saya riga girma samfurori. Duk da yake cikin kajin ne kananan, suka bukatar fiye da ilimi da kuma kula, mai tsanani kuskure tare da yawan zafin jiki, ko kuma rage cin abinci na iya bata ba rashin lafiya ko mutuwa daga tsuntsãye. A lokaci guda, matasa kaji da shekaru 'yan watanni riga quite m, su ne hardier da kasa finicky cin halaye.

content Jagororin

A 12 mãtã na wannan nau'in ne quite isa na daya zakara. Tare da 5.5 watanni da daraja ga dashi su a cikin raba compartments har da kaji fara kwanciya. Wajibi ne a kula da rage cin abinci: Ko da yake mafi muhimmanci a isa adadin na alli da kuma gina jiki a lokacin girma, adult kaji, ma, dole ne a ciyar da tare da bitamin da kuma ma'adanai.

Don kaji ba qwai, kuma a cikin hunturu, shi ne muhimmanci daylength: ma takaice, su ba za su rush. Ideal jadawalin ba - wani halitta "haske" lokaci na rana daga 6 am, wani daga 7-8 am zuwa 22 pm.

Kaji mafi kiyaye raba daga sauran tsuntsaye. Kaza feed ba ya samar da dukkan dole, saboda haka duka biyu da yara da kuma girma kaji ne kyawawa don ƙara a abinci gida cuku, kifi ko musamman gidaje na bitamin da kuma ma'adanai.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu da kuma dole ba beets, kabeji, kabewa, nama da kashi da kifi abinci, alkama, hatsi, masara, Peas, waken soya. Hatsi - wani sosai high-kalori samfurin, haka ma, shi ne mai arziki a carbohydrates, bitamin, da kuma da yawa abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci tebur. Daya feed hatsi, kamar yadda wasu wuraren kiwon kaji, shi ne kuma zai yiwu, amma shi ne ya zama dole? M don ƙara ta da abinci ga tsuntsãye a cikin hunturu-spring, a cikin wani rabo na 30-50% na jimlar abinci yawa.

(Saboda su ne mafi muni fiye da rushing) don kiyaye tsuntsaye zazhireli, yana da kyawawa don rage yawan abinci, amma akwai hadari na underfeeding. Musamman bad wannan hunturu - idan abinci ne kananan, na farko naedyatsya adult hens da majiya karfi zai iya zama rabin-starved. A daya hannun, idan mai amfani da ƙarin lighting a cikin hunturu, kaji ci gaba da kai kuma kada ku tara mai.

Manya ciyar da kaji da isasshen sau daya ko sau biyu a rana. Kuma, idan shi ne lokacin rani, yana yiwuwa ya zuba hatsi a cikin ƙullunku, da kuma dafa abinci ba kawai biyu ko sau uku a mako.

dutse magabata

Kaji bilefelder breeds da tsakanin kakanninsu amroks tsuntsaye, New Hampshire, raspberries, Rhode Island da kuma velzummer. A karshe - daya daga cikin mafi shahararren iri Dutch selection, sunã gaggãwa duk shekara da kuma bada manyan qwai yin la'akari 70-80 g da aka cire a farkon shekarun da XX karni. Da wani sa na sosai m halaye - velzummery Hardy, balaga, da neman fitar da abinci a lokacin tafiya, da a kwantar da hankula yanayi.

Asali amroks, wani m bilefelderov, ya bayyana a Jamus a cikin 70-ies na XIX karni kan irin taguwar Plymouth Rock selection. Wannan kasance mai kwanciyar hankali tsuntsu, autoseksnye kuma iya samar da har zuwa 200 qwai a shekara. Su ne manyan isa - zakaru isa wani nauyi na 4 kg, kaza - 2.5 kg.

Jinsi kaji raspberries a Rasha ne quite rare, shi ne wani nau'i ne na tsuntsu, bred ta Jamus makiyayin. Su asalin ne hadaddun da ke mayar da XIX karni. "Mehelenskie kaji" (wani sunan ga irin) ne sosai dadi nama, wanda shi ne mafi kyau hujja - da cewa babban kasa tasa na Mechelen (inda suka zo daga) ne musamman dafa shi ƙirji na wannan tsuntsu.

NH

Wadannan tsuntsaye don samar da nama da kwai shugabanci ne duka kakanninmu da kuma "Siblings" bilefelderov, tun da sun, ma, aka janye tare da kankara Rhode Island. Kaji daga irin wannan ne da-ɓullo da ilhami na shiryawa, mai kyau kwai samarwa (200-220 raka'a a kowace shekara a wani nauyi na 65 zuwa 70 grams), da kuma, haka ma, su ne quite manyan - har zuwa 4.5 kilo ga maza da kuma 3.5 don hens.

Hens New Hampshire unpretentious a abinci da rai yanayi, yau suka sukan yi amfani da a cikin kaji masana'antu da kuma masu zaman kansu gidaje. A Rasha akwai wani isasshe manyan yawan tsuntsaye - fiye da 200 dubu kofe ..

RI

Kaji asali Rhode Island Red ne ma nama da kwai da kuma aka bred a Amurka a cikin XIX karni ta tsallaka Leghorn, Wyandotte, Cornish, Cochin Sin da Malayan ja.

A sakamakon haka, mun samu na da kyau nauyi kaji da dadi nama, bada 160-170 qwai a kowace shekara.

Jinsi fafatawa a gasa bilefelderov

A cikin Rasha Federation da kuma a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet a matsayin dukan akwai sauran breeds cewa za su iya yin wani tsanani gasar bilefelderam.

Daga cikin nama da kwai ne, misali, kamar Leningrad fari - sosai m, ba kawai daga cikin gida amma kuma a kwatanta da duk breeds a general. By Leningrad Cibiyar kaji kaji isa kwai breeds qware index - hen yarda to 240 a kowace shekara (nauyi - 60-62 grams), tare da mai kyau da inganci da yawa daga nama.

A derivation daga wadannan tsuntsaye ta hanyar maimaita transfusions - kamar yadda gudunmawa aka zaba avstralopy wanda jini da aka kara wa fari leghorn kwayoyin.

Wani mai kyau na cikin gida breeds - fari Moscow, All-Union Cibiyar bred kaji. Shi ne ba sosai na kowa - da aka bred, yafi a cikin tarin mataki da iyali gonaki. Duk da haka, da tsuntsãye ba har zuwa 180 qwai (yin la'akari 55 grams) da kuma quite dadi nama. Daya kaza ke tsiro zuwa 2.4 kg nauyi, zakara - 3.1 kg a kan talakawan.

Kuchinki

Domestic nama da kwai breeds, bred a jihar Kaji Shuka "Kuchinsky" a cikin biyu da rabi na XX karni ya sosai high ga wannan shugabanci Manuniya kwai samarwa. Kuchinskaya ranar tunawa kamar yadda bilefelder yana daga cikin magabatan Rhode Island, da kuma ma autoseksnaya - rabin kaji za a iya ƙaddara da wani daidaito na 85-98%.

Wadannan kaji sukan bred a yanka - da dadi nama, da kuma biyu da rabi watanni cockerels riga ku auna nauyi 1.6-1.7 kg, da kaji - 1.3-1.5 kg.

A lokaci guda kwanciya hens nuna 16-200 qwai a kowace shekara.

Kuchinskaya jubili kaza ne unpretentious, adapts ga tantanin halitta abinda ke ciki da sauri da gashinsa. Weight haka kai 3.0 kg ga mace da 3.7 kg - for maza.

Kuchinok da abubuwan batsa ne ba ma wuya, kamar yadda sojojin na rayuwarsu a yankunan karkara, ko birane mazaunin - a wani m hunturu, sun iya rayuwa a cikin wani katako, zubar, idan an rufe daga cikin daftarin, kuma akwai isasshen bambaro binne shi.

A cikin sharuddan tsuntsu data kasance kusa da daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri a Rasha da kuma sau da yawa samu a zaman kansa gidaje asali Rasha fari. Ta kuma an janye daga Leghorn, kawai roosters bred wannan nau'in tare da na al'ada purebred kaji.

A sakamakon wanda aka amince a shekara ta 1953 (da aikin da kiwo fara a shekara ta 1929), ya zarce duk tsammanin: unpretentious abinci da kuma karfi tsuntsu yin la'akari 1.6-1.8 kg ga mace da 2-2.5 kg ga maza, iya samar da wani talakawan na 200-230 qwai a shekara, da kuma wani lokacin - har zuwa 300 qwai a shekara. A daidai wannan lokaci, wadannan kananan tsuntsaye ne resistant zuwa sanyi, leukemias, neoplasms, carcinomas, da kuma Marek ta cuta da kuma sosai tenacious.

Ganiya da shahararsa da irin White Rasha zo a shekarar 1965, duk da haka, domin har yanzu suna baya don su "kakanninmu" Leghorn, ta 1990 da yawan jama'a tare da 29,7 miliyan. Heads ragu zuwa miliyan 3.2.