Jiki - kayan aiki na ashirin da takwas ƙarni

Jiki - wani m kayan aiki, wanda aka kira "Sarkin music." The girma na sauti da aka bayyana a cikin tunanin tasiri a kan saurarõnsu, wanda ya yi daidai da. Bugu da kari, a duniya, most m kayan aiki - da jiki, kuma yana da cikakken kula da tsarin. Ya tsawo da kuma tsawon daidaita da size da ganuwar daga sama zuwa kasa, a wani babban gini - da coci ko concert zauren.

Ma'ana hanya dalĩli iya ƙirƙirar music for shi da widest girma na ciki: daga tunani game da Allah da kuma halittu na bakin ciki da m gani na mutum rai.

Organ - m kayan aiki na musamman a cikin dogon tarihi. Ya haihuwa - game da 28 ƙarni. A daya labarin ba shi yiwuwa a bi babban hanyar da kayan aiki a cikin art. Mu da aka iyakance zuwa short zane na Farawa na jiki daga zamanin da zuwa ƙarni a lõkacin da ta samu bayyanar da kaddarorin, da aka sani ga wannan rana.

Tarihi ya riga jiki ne suke dashi kayan sarewa Pan (mai suna bayan Greek Allah, wanda Ya halitta shi, kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin labari). Ana zargin panpipes kwanan rana 7th karni BC, amma ainihin shekaru ne mai yiwuwa yafi.

Saboda haka ne m kayan kunshi wani vertically kafa a kusa da Reed shambura sãɓãwar launukansa tsawo. A gefe saman Are dab da juna, da kuma united fadin abin ɗamara da wani karfi da kaya ko wani katako lath. Artist naushe iska daga sama ta cikin rami shambura da suka sauti - kowane a rufinta. Wannan gwani wasanni iya amfani kawai biyu ko uku lokaci guda Rolls cire sauti da kuma samun wata biyu-murya tazara ko a wani musamman fasaha, trohgolosny tsirkiya.

Pan sarewa wakiltar madawwami so mutum zuwa sabuwar dabara, musamman a cikin zane-zane, da kuma son inganta ma'ana ikon music. Kafin wannan kayan aiki bayyana a fage, a zubar da farko kida kasance mafi m tsaye sarewa - sauki bututu tare da ramukan don yatsunsu. Su fasaha damar sun kananan. A tsaye sarewa ba zai yiwu ba lokaci daya hakar biyu ko fiye da sautuna.

A cikin ni'imar da wani karin cikakken sauti panpipes ce da wadannan hujja. Hanyar hurawa iska a cikin shi - contactless, iska jet ciyar da lebe daga nesa cewa Halicci musamman tonal sakamako m sauti. All jiki precursors sun tagulla, watau ta amfani da sarrafawa numfashi manpower don ƙirƙirar m images. Daga bisani, wadannan siffofin - polyphony da ghostly fiction "breathable" sautin - aka gaji a cikin sauti palette na sashin jiki. Su ne tushen da musamman ikon da sauti - da saurarõnsu ya shiga cikin wahayi.

Daga bayyanar panpipes zuwa da sabuwar dabara na gaba naúrar precursor shi ya kasance biyar ƙarni. A wannan lokaci, masana tagulla musicianship sami hanyar illa ma sha Allahu karuwa da iyaka lokacin da mutum exhalation.

A sabon kayan aiki iska wadata ne da za'ayi amfani da fata bellows - kamar waɗanda amfani da maƙeri ga iska allura.

Akwai kuma damar da za su ta atomatik kula da kashi biyu da trohgolosie. Daya ko biyu muryoyin - kasa - ba tare da katsewa jan sauti, da tsawo daga abin da ba a canza. Wadannan sautuna kira "Bourdon" ko "fauxbourdon" cirewa ba tare da muryoyin kai tsaye daga bellows ta hanyar bude ramuka a gare su, kuma sun kasance a bit da wani bango. Daga baya, za su sami sunan "feda aya".

A farko murya, godiya ga riga aka sani Hanyar for rufe ramin a raba "fleytoobraznoy" saka a cikin kwalabe, a samu damar taka quite bambancin da kuma ko da virtuosic karin waƙa. The Saka artist naushe iska lebe. Ba kamar bourdon launin waƙa cirewa da lamba. Saboda haka, babu plaque Sufi - shi ya ɗauki Bourdon henchmen.

Wannan kayan aiki da ya samu mai girma shahararsa, musamman a cikin jama'a art, kazalika a tsakanin itinerant kida, kuma aka kira da algaita. Godiya ta sabuwar dabara na nan gaba jiki sautina samu kusan Unlimited slowness. Duk da yake singer farashinsa iska bellows, da sauti da aka ba katse.

Saboda haka, shi ya bayyana uku na hudu Properties na sauti nan gaba "Sarkin kida": polyphony, musamman sufi sautin da cikakkar slowness.

An fara daga 2nd karni BC akwai kayayyaki da cewa ne ƙara kusa da siffar jiki. Air allura Greek kirkiro Kteseby halitta na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa actuator (ruwa famfo). Wannan ya sa ya yiwu don ƙara ikon sauti da kuma samar da kunno kai colossus kayan aiki wajen dogon ƙaho ƙaho. A ji da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Gabar zama m da kuma kaifi. Tare da irin wannan sauti Properties shi ne yadu amfani a cikin taro wakilci (hippodrome tsalle circus shows, asiri) da Helenawa da Romawa. Da zuwan farkon Kiristanci ya koma da ra'ayin tilasta iska bellows: sauti na inji kasance mafi rai da kuma "m."

A gaskiya, a wannan mataki shi za a iya dauke su janye da asali fasali na sashin jiki sauti: sautunan irin zane, powerfully janyo hankalin hankalin sautin, slowness na unprecedented da kuma musamman ikon, dace don jawo hankalin wani babban taro na mutane.

Wadannan 7 ƙarni sun hukunci ga jiki a ji cewa zai iya yiwuwa a damu, sa'an nan da tabbaci "bayar da" su kuma ci gaba da Kirista coci. Jikin da aka qaddara domin ya zama wani kayan aiki na taro wa'azin, kamar yadda shi ya kasance ga wannan rana. Don wannan karshen, ta hanyar mayar da shi koma tare biyu riverbeds.

Farko. The jiki girma da kuma Ft Irfan kayan aiki da damar isa m dabi'u. A daidai da girma da kuma ci gaban Haikalin gine hanzari cigaban bangare na gine-gine da kuma m. Gabar fara gina a bangon Haikalin, da kuma thundering sauti na subordinated da kuma m taron.

Number of sashin jiki bututu, wanda yanzu aka yi da itace da kuma karfe, ya kai dubu da dama. Muryoyin jiki tsiwirwirinsu mai fadi da wani tunanin da kewayon - daga bayyanar da Voice of Allah zuwa shiru Saukar addini ainihi.

The yiwuwar sauti, baya samu a tarihi hanya da ake bukata a cikin coci ta rayuwar yau da kullum. Polyphony hukumomin yarda ƙara hadaddun music daidai da multifaceted saƙa gudanar da ibada. Slowness da injectability sautin girmama al'amari live numfashi Gabar kusanta sosai yanayin da sauti zuwa irin abubuwan da appanages mutum rayuwa.

Daga wannan mataki da jiki - wata babbar m kayan aiki na m karfi.

Na biyu shugabanci a cikin kayan aiki da ci gaban bi hanyar karfafa ta virtuosic damar.

Don sarrafa dubbai arsenal na bututu da ake bukata a fundamentally sabon inji, kunna artist magance wannan m dũkiya. Tarihi kanta da shawarar da dama bayani: akwai keyboards. Idea keyboard daidaituwa na duk sauti daidai saba da tsararru na'urar "music na Sarki." Yanzu jiki - keyboards-tagulla.

Management of giant mayar da hankali ga wani musamman m iko, hada babbar dama clavier fasaha da kuma m ƙirƙirãwa Organ Masters. Kafin organist yanzu housed a cikin wani tako hanya - daya sama da sauran - daga biyu zuwa bakwai keypads. Down a kasa karkashin tafin ƙafafunsa yana mai manyan pedalboard domin extracting low sautunan. Ta taka leda saukar. Saboda haka, organist dabara ake bukata babban fasaha. Wurin zama artist ya dogon benci, a kan kafa saman feda keyboard.

Tarayyar bututu gudu rajistar inji. Around da keyboard ne kwazo mashiga ko iyawa, kowanne daga wanda aka kora a lokaci guda da dubun, daruruwan ko ma dubban bututu. Organist to ba za a shagaltar da motsi, ya na da aboki - yawanci wani dalibi wanda ya ga fahimtar kayan yau da kullum na wasan a kan sashin jiki.

Authority fara nasara Maris a duniya al'ada. By 17th karni shi kai unprecedented Heights na ci gaba da kuma a music. Bayan harkar Gabar art a cikin ayyukan Johann Sebastian Bach, da yawa na wannan kayan aiki da ya rage yarda da juna, to wannan rana. Yau jiki - wani m kayan aiki 'yan tarihi.