Insulating sanda: iri, description, nadi

Electricians - daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari fasahohin. Domin mafi kyau kare ma'aikatan, kamfanin samar da ta aiki da tufafi da takalma da kariya da lantarki baka. By wannan har yanzu bayar sirri m kayan aiki (PPE) da kuma sana'a ikon kayan aikin. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa aiki a karkashin danniya da kuma a tsawo. Don samar da wannan ƙarin aiki kayan aiki da shamaki Properties da lantarki baka. Wadannan sun hada da harnesses, ladders, mats. Daya daga cikin na'urorin da ban sha'awa, wanda za a iya dangana ga PPE kuma ga kayan aiki ne insulating sanda.

Abin da yake yi? Wannan irin kayan aiki da damar yin aiki tare da lantarki da tsarin da suke karkashin irin ƙarfin lantarki amma ba wucewa 550 KV. Dangane da ayyuka, wadannan kayayyakin aiki ya kasu kashi biyu main iri. Akwai sarrafawa da kuma aunawa sanda. Su siffofin za mu dubi baya a wannan labarin.

Design fasali

A kayan aiki ne mai zangarniya, wanda za a iya raba uku segments. Wannan rike, rufi, kazalika da aiki part. Irin wannan kayan aiki da lantarki, za a iya prefabricated ko telescopic. Home - samar da karfi insulating kashi na mahada hada guda biyu. A saboda wannan dalili daya yana iya amfani da musamman karfe fasteners, amma su duka tsawon dole ba wuce kashi biyar bisa dari na tsawon na insulating part.

Aiki tip sanya daga karfe ko na wani dielectric abu da kuma, dangane da manufar, za a iya samun wani daban-daban tsari da kuma aiki.

A insulating rabo da aka yi da kayan da ba su gudanar da wutar lantarki. Alal misali, ya iya zama da wuya roba, Bakelite, itace da sauransu. Bisa ga fasahar tafasa su sosai a cikin flax ko hemp mai, bushe. Bayan nan, saman abu ne mai rufi da wani insulating varnish don kare shi da shigar azzakari cikin farji danshi a ciki.

A rike aka yi mafi sau da yawa daga cikin wannan abu a matsayin insulating part. Tsakanin wadannan rabo dole ne a shirya tasha zobe wanda ya hana lamba tare da hannuwa da insulating rabo. A limiter dole ne ku bauta wa a kalla goma millimeters, kuma suna da tsawo na ba kasa da uku millimeters.

A total tsawon na bar jihar misali Number 20494-2001 ( "insulating da sandunansu, kuma aiki abubuwa na šaukuwa earthing - Technical Bayani dalla-dalla") ya dogara da irin ƙarfin lantarki na lantarki da kafuwa, wanda ya yi aiki.

A tsarin da voltages mafi girma daga 350 KV amfani da kayan aikin da aiki biyu electricians tare da rike na'urar.

Babban sigogi

Weight na kayan aiki ga mutum daya na iya wuce takwas kilo. A karfi a hannu daya ga ma'auni sanda dole ba wuce 80H, ga sauran jinsunan zuwa 160N. A tsawon na insulating bangare kuma rike dogara a kan girma da irin ƙarfin lantarki, bisa ga Gost 20494-2001.

bigiren abubuwa

Aiwatar da ayyukansu karkashin tashin hankali ta wajen mashaya za a iya za'ayi a rufaffiyar lantarki tsarin, ko a kan titi, amma a bushe weather. A wani hali ba zai iya yin amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin ruwa, ake yin dusar ƙanƙara weather ko a lokacin hazo, yayyafi. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, akwai wani babban haɗarin jan lantarki, wanda a wasu lokuta za a iya kai wa ga m sakamakon.

Tare da wannan kayan aiki yi aiki tare da disconnectors, da canji na fis saitin abubuwa dischargers duba ware a kan ikon Lines da substations, samar da mai rufi šaukuwa earthing aka yi amfani a matsayin hanyar saki daga ji rauni mutum lantarki halin yanzu, samar da aunawa aiki.

Ya kamata a yi la'akari da mafi daki-daki da kuma yiwuwar gyara da kowane jinsi.

taye sandunan

Akwai nau'I hudu na core aiki:

• Sho (aiki insulating). Ana amfani da babban yawan ayyuka da wani replaceable kai. Amfani a kan tsarin lantarkin voltages up zuwa 220 KV AC ko DC.
• Kungiyar SCO (ceto). Ana iya amfani da su cece mutane daga buga zones da voltages har zuwa 110 KV. Karin ayyuka da za'ayi da a saki qara chances a rayar da wanda aka azabtar.
• SHOW (Universal insulating sanda). A kan yi amfani da lantarki shigarwa kama sho. Matsakaicin yawan replaceable aiki part qara aiki.
• SHZP (ƙasa mai rufi). Har ila yau, a kan yi amfani da wutar lantarki shigarwa tare da irin ƙarfin lantarki har zuwa 220 KV AC ko DC. Wannan dabarar damar karbuwa ga rabo tare da saura irin ƙarfin lantarki ko m cire shigarwa. By aiki tare da SHZP muhimmanci rage yawan lantarki kona.

Rod m ba ka damar yin zama dole aiki a karkashin danniya. Wannan zai kawar da hadarin lantarki tura. Babban abu - don tsayar da dokoki na aiki, dubawa da kuma gwaji na sirri m kayan aiki.

"Ticks"

A raba matsayi ne don samar da makaran filaya. Sinadarin damar maye fis din a lantarki shigarwa zuwa 1 KV da kuma sama. Suna kuma amfani domin kau da shugabannin, fences a shigarwa zuwa 350 KV. A yarda domin maye gurbin irin wannan kayan aiki na sarrafawa duniya sanda, tare da Game da aiki kai.

A size da kuma nauyi na wannan kayan aiki dole ne a tabbatar da wani dadi aiki ga mutum daya. A insulating rabo kuma rike da ya kamata a gina na kayan da ciwon dielectric da antistatic Properties.

Mites kansu iya sanya na electrically insulating abu, ko karfe. A cikin karfe ulu ya kamata a sawa mai-resistant tube wa a wurin aiki ba lalata surface na harsashi.

Tare da tsawon makaran filaya ne ma dogara a kan irin ƙarfin lantarki:

• A wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na 1-10 KV insulating sashe tsawon - 450 mm, na rike - 150 mm.
• A wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na 10-35 KV tsawon na insulating rabo - 750 mm, na rike - 200 mm.

aunawa

Amfani da wannan sana'a ikon, yana yiwuwa domin sanin tsalle, da irin ƙarfin lantarki drop a cikin wutar lantarki tashoshin located a al'ada aiki yanayin. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu: ta yin amfani da lambobi, ko kai tsaye da zazzabi ji da aunawa ƙarfin lantarki surges.

A ma'auni kai ne mai tartsatsi rata, saurare a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. An kafa da mafi ƙarancin m darajar. The aiki kai ta hanyar layi daya dangane da leka rabo, ta hanyar Manuniya, ya nuna gaban ko babu irin ƙarfin lantarki. Yana da muhimmanci cewa a lokacin da iko da wutar lantarki kafuwa ne a al'ada aiki yanayin.

Akwai uku main iri:

• IDCs. Wannan na'urar samar da ikon canza nesa tsakanin wayoyin, wanda damar zuwa samu mafi m data ma'aunai.
• Shi. A irin wannan na'urorin da Pointer shigar microammeter tare da ƙarin jure 160 megohms. Dangane da ji hanya, canje-canje a cikin aiki yankin bincike kit tare da wayoyi da ake da alaka da tashoshi. Bincikar amfani da sarrafawa insulator, akwai wani layi daya connection. Microammeter kibiya nuna sakamakon ji.

Shi na'ura amfani ga na biyu Hanyar. Saka bincike domin aunawa da yawan zafin jiki na lambobi.

• Banana filaya. Yana da wani halin yanzu gidan wuta tare da tsaga Magnetic kewaye. Domin farko Tuddan shugaba amfani da daukar halin yanzu, da kuma a sakandare rufe tare da aunawa da makami ko kira na sauri ko dijital.

aiki yanayi

A insulating mashaya da za a yi amfani da wani yanayi da zazzabi tsarin mulki daga debe 45 ° C zuwa da 40 ° C a wata zumunta zafi na 98% a 25 ° C.

Kada ka yi amfani da na'urorin:

• Ba su da dacewa da takardun shaida, kuma bai wuce da gwajin, bi da bi, cewa ba hadu aminci nagartacce.
• Haɗi marar kyau. Irin wannan na'urorin dole ne a yi gyare-gyare. Sa'an nan gwada. Kawai data samu a yanke shawara a kan kara yin amfani ko zubar da nema.
• Danshi. A rigar weather.
• Tare da yin amfani da goyon bayan (ladders) domin aunawa ayyukan.

Don aiki a kan tsarin lantarkin yarda ma'aikatan da ya dace tolerances. Kowane ma'aikaci dole ne a sanye take da cikakken sa na sirri m kayan aiki, ciki har da insulating safar hannu, insulating takalma, tufafi da kariya da lantarki baka, fitattun idanu da kuma respirator. Duk wannan zai taimaka kamar yadda zai yiwu kare ma'aikacin daga lantarki kona.

Kafin aiki insulating sanda dole ne dole a hõre a gani dubawa. A taron na Laifi ganewa ya kamata a maye gurbinsu da wani misali.

Lokacin aiki da inji gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi. Za a gudanar a wata Jirgi kuma unscheduled drop na'urar gano flaws. Pre na'urar ne hõre a gyara.

gwaji

Tun da aikin a kan wutar lantarki shigarwa nasa ne da category na kawo hadari ga kayan aiki da lantarki hõre tsaurara dubawa da kuma iko. Haka kuma, dangane da kayan aiki a ma'aikata suna gwajin. A cewar Gost 20494-2001, za su iya zama:

• Yarda. Za'ayi domin kowane samfurin.
• Periodicals. Ya kamata ya zama batun da kowane sanda.
• Hankula. Selectively gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na uku samfurori da wannan nau'in. Yana zai zama dole don gudanar da duk wani nau'i na gwaje-gwaje.

All gwajin events samar da ma'aikata da taimakon musamman horar da mutane da suke da wani matakin da juriya, da kuma horar da kuma bokan. Wadannan ayyukan dole ne a yi a dace hanya, shi rinjayar da rayuka da lafiyan kiwon lafiya lantarki.

A jerin gwaje-gwaje:

• Kayayyakin dubawa. Dubawa da Kunshin, lakabtawa da kuma marufi. Cak domin ake bukata takardun da alaƙa da Tsaro.
• Duba tare da ma'aikata zane. Samar da taimakon aunawa kida ya zama cikakken daidaituwa na sigogi.
• Verification na dielectric ƙarfi. Samar da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na kasuwanci mita AC guda aikace-aikace da ba fiye da minti biyar. A lokacin da wannan irin ƙarfin lantarki Yunƙurin zuwa 1/3 dabi'u iya zama sabani. A ci gaba da karuwa ya zama m. Working bari da kuma rufi daga tushe. Idan babu damar gwada cikakken ji sashe, to, wannan ɓangare na rajistan shiga sanda segments. Idan breakdowns, gida dumama da dielectric hasara, surface jini aka gano, an dauke da cewa samfurin nasarar wuce gwajin.
• Tensile gwaji. Daya ƙarshen sanda yana gyarawa, da sauran via load ko winch ne hõre iyakar load. Test kammala nasarar tare da wani bayyane lalacewa.
• Lankwasawa gwajin. Da samfurin ya horizontally gyarawa a maki biyu a karshen matsara zobe da kuma iyawa. Rod samfurin shige da gwajin idan babu wani bayyane lalacewa.
• Dubawa mafi girma kokarin a hannun. Takamaiman sanda gyarawa kulla tare da biyu dige - da gaban (50 mm daga matsara zobe) da kuma raya (50 mm daga rike karshen) tana goyon bayan. Mita a gaban goyon baya da kuma adadi kada wuce 160N. Insulating sanda up to 1000V gwajin da wannan ra'ayi ba fallasa.

Idan sakamakon ne na musu, wajibi ne a gudanar da wani na biyu hanya tare da manyan yawan samfurori. Idan data an maimaita, kãma duk irin kayayyakin, kuma Ya haramta a saki wani sabon ƙungiya don a san da kuma kawar da Sanadin korau Manuniya. A irin wannan yanayi, da gwajin hatimi ne haye fita a ja.

All gwaje-gwaje da aka za'ayi bisa ga halin yanzu dokoki. Domin aiki gwaje-gwaje na na'urorin samar a kowace shekara biyu, domin ji - sau ɗaya a shekara.

Selection na kayan aiki

Don ma'aikaci da aka bayar da ta dace cancantar PPE kayan aiki, ya kamata bincika dacewa kasa nagartacce kuma norms. Wannan zai taimaka a zabi da hakkin kunshin ga kowane irin aiki.

Shigar a kan insulating sanda farashin zai taka muhimmiyar rawa ga mabukaci a zabar wani na'urar. A kan talakawan shi ne 500 rubles. Amma ba kori cheap na'urorin. Ya kamata a hankali la'akari da garanti factory - da manufacturer da kuma takardun da aka ba su. All kayayyakin dole wuce pre-sale gwaji kuma suna da wani dace hatimi.

sakamakon

A ƙarshe, ina son a lura da cewa a wannan zamani ba zai iya kwatanta kansu ba tare da wutar lantarki. Saboda haka, ba tare da aunawa da sandunansu ba za a iya wadãtu. Yana da wuya su yi tunanin abin da zai faru idan duniya akshe da wutar lantarki. Zai yiwu akwai zai zo hargitsi da tsoro. Saboda haka, ya kamata ka tare da mai girma girmamawa da kuma girmamawa ga mutane hidima da kafuwa, kuma da ya dace hukuma kamar yadda zai yiwu a samar da su da duk dole sirri m kayan aiki.

Saboda haka, za mu gano cewa, wannan shi ne wani fasaha da kayan aiki a matsayin insulating sanda.