Infusorian trumpeter: tsarin, haifuwa, darajar yanayi

All Internet mai cike da articles game da ciliate-takalma. Duk da yake bayani game da trumpeter sosai matalauta, to karanta su sau da yawa ba da damar, ba kirgawa da cewa shi ne daya daga cikin na kowa mazaunan tafkunan. Infusorian trumpeter wani lokacin kuskure domin suvoek ko rotifers. Stories sanin mutane ba ze kamar gaskiya, 'yan iya yi imani da cewa akwai a cikin duniya irin wannan ban mamaki protozoa.

Asalin sunan

The sunan ciliates yayi magana don kansa. Ya zo daga ta bayyanar. A siffar jikinsa ciliate Stentor yayi kama da gramophone ƙaho ko ƙaho. Yana yana da kamance da wani smoothly fadada zangarniya, wanda a karshen ke da soket kazalika da iska kayan aiki. Duk da haka, irin wannan infusoria kawai a lokacin da a kwantar da hankula. Idan an gaji da damuwa, shi ne, godiya ta zuwa ga tsoka zaruruwa, da zarar shi ya zama kamar wani balan-balan.

Ruwa tare ciliate-blowers ne a iyali na "Blowers", wanda yake shi ne HALITTAR Stentor (abun hura). Sunan Stentor samu a zamanin d Girkanci camfin. Shi ne da bãyar, da murya mai ƙarfi, shi da aka yi amfani da sanarwar da sarki ta littafai.

Stentor: taƙaitaccen bayanin

A takaice sa, abin Stentor, shi ne iyo da kuma sessile ciliates. Ciliate-abun hura (taƙaitaccen bayanin): ƙananan sashi ba shi da reducible elongated kara wanda yana da ikon zuwa Dutsen infusorian zuwa abubuwa da suke karkashin ruwa. Wannan mataki faruwa da taimakon da gamsai secreted Stentor.

Foreseeing hatsarin zangarniya ƙaho player da gudun fara rage, a wannan lokacin da jikinsa da aka matsa. Don adana ransa, infusorian abun hura za a iya rage ga 'yan kasarun adadi na biyu zuwa uku na tsawon! A cikin farko matsayi, ya kõma a sannu a hankali wannan lokaci yana 10 seconds. Rage ciyar da gaban a cikin cell da tsoka zaruruwa.

Bugu da kari, yana da wani gagarumin ikon aminci. Infusorian trumpeter yana a jikinka m kananan ramuka a cikin abin da sandunansu ana boye tare da baki tips, dauke da guba. Mutane daya-daya, buga wannan makami gurgunta nan da nan, a cikin mafi munin yanayi, ta mutu.

Infusorian shimfidawa a high gudun. A bayani ne da sauki da kuma sauƙi na motsi ta taso cysts wind waterfowl, kwari, da kuma sauran gabobin halittu. Cysts aka kafa a zazzabi da ke ƙasa 0 digiri C.

bayyanar

Stentor jiki yana da halayyar mazurari-dimbin yawa da tsari, da ta ƙarshen gaban kara girman a wani mazurari. Shi ne peristomalnoe filin a cikin matsanancin gefen wadda ci da dogon cilia membranelly Form located kusa da na baka cavities.

Melenkie cilia karkashin membrane rufe tsaye layuka na dukan jiki ciliates. Akwai jinsuna wanda jiki ne kawai muhimmi launi: ƙaho blue ko blue da kuma kore ƙaho.

A ciliates ne size daga 1.2 mm to 3 mm. Su bayyanar iya zama kamar haka:

• Mobile.
• kujeru.
• Mulkin mallaka.
• Single.
• Canza siffar Kwayoyin.
• Kada ka canja siffar da Kwayoyin.

A saman cell rufe endoplasm da ciwon siderogenous view, da kuma quite m harsashi.

Infusorian trumpeter: systematics

Idan muka yi la'akari da masu busa cikin sharuddan taxonomy, wadannan su ne mafi sauki a naúrar raznoresnichnyh ciliates. Kamar yadda da mafi kusantar dangi, a kan su jiki cilia ne biyu daban-daban - takaice da kuma dogon.

Short cilia, wanda ake nufi domin yin iyo, Stentor jiki da aka rufe a ko'ina. Long gashin idanu ne a kusa da bakin, manne a hankali zuwa ga sãshe. Kuma sunã bautã wa kwatanta da ruwa zuwa ga bude bakinka. Babu bambanci a tsakanin su ba gani, fãce a cikin tsawon, tsarin guda.

abinci

A sauki halayyar duk rayuwa ayyuka, ciki har da abinci. A wannan abinci da kuma yadda da narkewa a Stentor - mai ban sha'awa tambaya. Infusorian trumpeter gan ta main abinci kwayoyin. Tare da wadannan edible abubuwa ne ma kananan protozoa, algae plankton da sauran barbashi a cikin ruwa. Yawanci, busa, aka saba wa dokokin da makanikai, mika iyo gaba karshen na jiki. Wannan jinkirin motsi taimaka musu su samu nasarar kama da nufin ganima. Fine abinci ya shiga ta baki kara shiga trubkovidnuyu makogwaro. Sharan bayan narkewa mika zahiri ta hanyar poroshitsu.

Ciliates ne voracious dabba, ta ko da yaushe ta buɗe ta bakinsa, ta ne kullum powered. Kawai a lokacin kiwo kakar, wannan tsari yana tafiya ne kare. Mafi yawan su suna dauke da yara.

hanyar rayuwa

Babban dokokin cibiyoyin ne core Stentor. Suna tsara don tabbatar da cewa duk matakai a cikin cell iya ci gaba yadda ya kamata, kuma da sauri gyara take hakki. Ciliate abun hura yana da wani m ikon da sauri kawo jiki zuwa asali form bayan rauni. Ko a lokacin da shi yanka a cikin da dama sassa, kowane daga cikinsu bayan wani lokaci ya jũya a cikin wani karamin Stentor, sa'an nan, cin hanzari, yakan mallaki ta asali size.

Abinda kana bukatar ka yi - shi ne kasancewar a cikin sauran macronucleus. Lokacin da ya dauki wani digo na ruwa daga kandami da auku ganye da kuma sanya shi karkashin madubin, kana da damar da za su tsayar da rai na wadannan matasa da wakilan na duniya na microscopic dabbobi, wanda shi ne mai ban sha'awa.

Stentor: ciki tsarin

A Stentor yana daya contractile vacuole. Ya ƙunshi wani tanki da kuma sakamakonsa tashoshi. A halayyar alama na wanda shi ne tsarin da ciliates - shi ne mai manyan core macronucleus. Next zuwa gare shi, akwai da dama kananan micronuclei.

Mun kuma samun trumpeter da kuma kananan core, wani lokacin a can zai zama da dama. A tsarin da ciliates hada kunno kai narkewa kamar vacuole, cilia, lu'ulu'u, baki, narkewa kamar vacuole, cire abinci wuri (poroshitsa), tsakiya da kuma nucleolus, da contractile vacuole.

Ciliates Trumpeter: haifuwa

Stentor halayyar sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. An za'ayi da mai gangara division mahara fission ko dake tasowa a cikin biyu, wanda ayan faruwa a svobodnopodvizhnom yanayin.

Lokacin da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu ne da rabo daga abin nuclei, da tsari a trumpeter maimaita biyu ko sau uku a mako, a daban-daban jinkiri. A kudi na irin wannan haifuwa dogara a kan daban-daban dalilai, shi ne, na farko, da muhalli da yanayi: zazzabi, adadin abinci, da dai sauransu

Micronucleus division auku mitonicheski. Macronucleus asali rarrabu kuma halin da cire tallafin DNA. Lokacin da rarraba ciliates iya tsayar wasu cytoplasmic wasu gabbansa. Yawancin lokaci, suna da alaƙa mutane da suka yi sake kafa sabon gashin idanu da kuma baki bude.

Ciliate fara vigorously don ciyar da kuma girma, sa'an nan Ya na ninka sake. Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da wani babban yawan gwaje-gwajen da ya amsa tambaya, ta yaya dogon iya waɗannan dabbobi haifa asexually.

Gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa a 'yan ƙarnõni a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na ciliates dole jima'i haifuwa, ko Tasrifu tsari, a lokacin da mutane biyu zo a cikin lamba tare da juna ciki. A maha? Ar da harsashi dissolves samar da wata cytoplasmic gada. Macronucleus fara karya saukar da raba cikin 4 microcores core. Uku daga cikinsu aka gaba daya hallaka, da kuma na hudu shi ne rabo a cikin rabin. A sakamakon - da samuwar namiji da mace nuclei a kowane ciliates.

Saboda haka, jima'i haifuwa tsari ba zai tasiri da karuwa a yawan Stentor. Ya kawai na taimaka wa sabuntawa na hereditary dũkiyarsu da kuma fitowan da sabon haduwa da kwayoyin bayanai.

Stentor: muhimmancin a cikin yanayi

Ciliates, kamar sauran sauki, wasa da muhimmancin jinya, bayyananne ruwa daga gurbatawa da cin cutarwa jikin kwayoyin cutar da rubabben kwayoyin saura. By yawan dabbobi za ka iya sanin ko da mataki na ruwa gurbatawa.

Stentor a cikin abinci sarkar ne daya daga cikin na farko da aka gyara. Idan da taimakawa wajen sharadi gwargwado, suka haifa sosai da sauri, kuma mai dubun daga wadannan sauki zama fi so abinci ga matasa kifi, kananan crustaceans, kwari kuma su larvae kududdufai. A karshen, bi da bi, su zama abincin mafi manyan dabbobi kududdufai, da kuma kifi soya.

Magana game da wadannan ban mamaki halittun da rashin iyaka. Infusorian trumpeter, da darajar da yanayin yau ne har yanzu asiri, tilasta masana kimiyya aiki a kan search for duk amsoshin game da wannan dabba. Yawa saura da za a yi domin sani da kuma fahimta kadan sauki.