Humoral rigakafi

Na rigakafi da tsarin kare jikin mutum daga parasites, ƙwayoyin cuta, cutarwa kwayoyin cuta, mai guba kayayyakin na rayuwa da kuma ba kawai. Wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin jiki ta jure cututtuka irin su m (ba takamaiman) daga samu irin (musamman). M kariya a kan kwayoyin cuta ne ya sa ta gadar hali. Sassan nonspecific (ko m) rigakafi ga mutane da yawa pathogens ne dalilai phagocytosis da kumburi.

Specific rigakafi ne ainihin firikwensin ganewa tsarin na jiki. Its mataki ne directed a karatu na bayanai daga pathogenic tsõkana - antigens da adanar su. Kwayuka samu juriya ga kamuwa da cuta da aiki don kare Kwayoyin daga ciki sarari. humoral rigakafi Yana da za'ayi a extracellular ruwaye.

Da farko m Kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin macrophages cewa ƙaura yardar kaina a cikin intercellular ruwa kisa, to wani antigen, shi ne gano. By inducing wani m martani gama karin T mataimaki Kwayoyin da kunna B-lymphocytes. Ba da da ewa lymphocytes an modified, ya canza kama zuwa jini Kwayoyin, wanda nuna takamaiman antibodies. Kamar wancan kafa samu humoral rigakafi amsa tare da samuwar takamaiman memory Kwayoyin, adanar bayanai a kan wani antigen. Lokacin da sakandare antigen shiga jiki irin wannan dauki gudu iko antibody amsa sa, misali, rashin lafiyan yanayi.

Humoral rigakafi dogara da rabo samar a cikin bargo na T-mataimaki da T-kashewar, advantageously 2: 1. Wannan dangane aka keta a AIDS daidai gaban 1: 2, domin ya mutu T-mataimaki Kwayoyin, da cutar da cutar. Saboda haka, wani kamuwa da cuta da ya rage da shari'ã, cewa shi ne dalilin mutuwar da kwayoyin.

Nau'in antibodies a extracellular matsakaici da kwayoyin

Antigens yanayi don haka bambance bambancen da cewa don sarrafa su humoral tsarin iya nuna 108 daban-daban daga takamaiman antibodies. Mutane da yawa sassan na DNA da sunadarai ne na musamman a cikin tsarin, suka ƙayyade antibody bambancin.

Immunoglobulins biyar azuzuwan samar da barga m martani antigens.

1. Class G.

Immunoglobulin G aji a cikin jikin mutum a kan sauran (har zuwa 18 g da lita). IG G yãƙi gubobi, ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtuka ne a cikin jini, kuma Lymph.

2. Class A.

Immunoglobulins ne magani-aji, wadanda cewa kewaya a cikin jini, kuma secretory gland a cikin jiki ruwaye. Globular sunadarai na jini magani ne da alhakin janar rigakafi. immunoglobulin mugunya samar da gida da kariya a kan kamuwa da cuta, da gubobi, samar da wani shãmaki a shigar azzakari cikin farji na taro. Humoral rigakafi da aka bayar da IgA antibodies da aka nuna a Ari, ciwon huhu, dauke da kwayar cutar rauni utilities.

3. Class E.

Class E immunoglobulins aka kai tsaye da hannu a cikin rashin lafiya na gubobi a cikin phagocytosis na waje barbashi, su bonding da neutralization, lalata babba yadudduka na kwayan Kwayoyin. Da abun ciki na IG E a intercellular ruwaye qara a cututtuka irin kamuwa da cuta a manya da yara. The kungiyar kuma ya hada da IG E antibodies zuwa erythrocytes waje asali.

4. Class D.

Immunoglobulin aji D kewaya yafi a cikin jini membranes na sel, da kuma magani maida hankali ne in mun gwada low. Aiki da sunadarai IG D B lymphocytes nuna specialization ake bukata, suna kunshe a cikin aikin na autoimmune tafiyar matakai.

5. Class M.

Immunoglobulin IG M kewaya cikin tasoshi, da canza kama jini Kwayoyin a lokuta na farko ingress antigens a cikin jiki. Protein IG M hada da wani iko humoral da wata barã'aa cikin bacteremia.