Hatsarori da kuma faruwar

Jirgin ko da yake shi ne dauke da safest nau'i na sufuri, hatsarori da jirgin sama ne mafi ban tausayi sakamakon. Domin irin wannan faru ne halin da yawa wadanda suka jikkata, m lalacewa ko lalata wani jirgin sama, jama'a outcry da kuma kafofin watsa labarai da hankali.

Nau'in iska hatsarori

Hatsarori da kuma batutuwa suna classified a kan da dama filaye. Rarrabe tsakanin ƙasa da kuma jirgin hatsari. Ground, sũ ne waɗanda suka faru da cewa ya faru kafin ko bayan jirgin. Aviation jirgin hatsarori - wadanda bala'i da cewa suna da dangantaka da wasan kwaikwayon na ma'aikatan jirgin ayyukan da jirgin ruwa.

Bugu da kari, a saki breakage, hatsarori da kuma bala'i. Breakage take kaiwa zuwa wani kadan lalacewar da jirgin sama, wadanda suka tsira da rayukansu ne a can. Kira lamarin wani hatsari, ba entailing asarar rayuwa, a cikin abin da jirgin sama na'am da gwaji lalacewa ko hallaka. A karkashin bala'i nufi hatsarori, wanda aka halin da:

• lalacewar da jirgin sama saboda haka cewa gyara ne ta fuskar tattalin arziki inexpedient ko ba zai yiwu ba, da cikakken halakar da jirgin sama.
• mutuwar fasinjoji ko ma'aikatan jirgin, kazalika da mutane daga waɗanda a kan jirgin, a cikin gaba da kwana 30 daga lokacin da ya faru.

Sanadin hatsarori

Mafi na kowa hanyar jirgin sama hatsarori ne matukin jirgi kuskure, t. E. The mutum factor. A 42% na lokuta ga wasu dalilai hatsarori faru. Bala'i dalilai kamar haka:

• 58% na faruwar cewa sa da mutuwar daya ko fiye da fasinjoji ko ma'aikatan jirgin, zamanto saboda matukin kuskure.
• 22% na lokuta ne saboda da ban tausayi gazawar art.
• 12% na hatsarori asusu domin m yanayin yanayi a lokacin da jirgin.
• 9% na hatsarori faru saboda hare-haren ta'addanci.
• 7% ne da wani kuskure na ƙasa da ma'aikatan filin jirgin sama.
• 1% na jiragen sama hatsarori ne saboda tasirin daban-daban irin dalilai.

Hatsarori da kuma faruwar tasowa daga kafa adam factor a 29% na lokuta faru da daidaituwa, saboda rashin kula ko mantuwa da matukan jirgi, 16% zo daga kurakurai lalacewa ta hanyar m yanayin yanayi, a 5% na lokuta cikin hanyar hatsarori zama musu kayan aiki.

hanyoyin gudanar da bincike da iska hadarurruka

Kowane ban tausayi hadari ga wani jirgin sama batun m nazari da bincike. Dokokin na gudanar da bincike na jirgin sama hatsarori da kuma faruwar unsa da gaggawar kafa wani m amsa tawagar, wanda ya hada da kwararru yankunan kai tsaye ko a kaikaice alaka wannan filin. A nan gaba, al'amarin kira da Hukumar Binciken na da hadarin jirgin sama, ko da ya faru a Rasha, da National Transport Safety Board a Amurka ko sauran ayyuka.

Analysis na hadarin da ya faru ya shafi wadannan matakai:

• Binciki hudu main sassa na jirgin sama domin sanin jirgin sama ya fadi a kasa, kuma ya sanya a cikin iska.
• Bincika da kuma sauraron jirgin, marubũta.
• Duba tattaunawa matukan jirgi tare da dispatcher.
• Analysis yanayin rahoton.
• Nemo kuma tattara duk wani ɓaɓɓake daga cikin jirgin saman.
• Gwada irin model na kayan aiki simulators.
• Analysis na sirri fayiloli daga cikin matukan jirgin da kuma katin shaida na yiwu m abubuwan da rinjayi gaskiya da bala'i.
• Dubawa fasinjoji da kaya takardun domin ware ko tabbatar da version of harin.
• Poll tsira da shaidu na bala'i, da ya faru duba videos.
• Sani akan cututtuka gawawwaki.

Statistics na hadarurruka da kasa

Statistics hatsarori da} ungiyoyin da jirgin sama da wani babban gefe da Amurka ke jagoranta. Saboda haka, daga shekarar 1945 zuwa 2013 a Amurka ya faru fiye da ɗari bakwai hatsarori da mummunar. Hatsari statistics for daidai wannan lokacin ya nuna cewa yawan mutuwar a hadarurruka na fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin ya goma da rabi da mutane dubu.

Rasha a cikin bakin ciki statistics aka located a kan na biyu line. A saman goma kasashen bisa ga yawan hatsarori da kuma bala'i kuma hada Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, France, India, Indonesia da kuma Mexico. Amurka babban gubar a kan wasu kasashe a cikin ranking saboda gaskiyar cewa rabo na Amurka lissafta ga 28% na jiragen yakin na jirgin sama a duniya.

Babban hadarin a Rasha

Akwai sun kasance manyan hatsarori a kan ƙasa na Rasha. A mafi tsanani a kan yawan wadanda ke fama da bala'i shi ne karo na Tu-154, dauke da fitar jirgin a kan wani hanya Krasnodar-Novosibirsk ta hanyar Omsk, daga filin jirgin sama tare da uku hukuma motoci a kan titin jiragen sama a shekarar 1984. A hadarin jirgin sama da aka hallaka, daga 179 mutanen da suke cikin jirgin, kawai biyar na tsira.

Wasu kafofin kira mafi girma a Rasha bala'i iyakar faru kashe tsibirin Sakhalin a 1983. Bayan biyu take hakki na Soviet iyakar da aka harbe saukar da wani Kudu Korean Boeing 747. The mutu yana da 269 mutane.

Babban bala'i a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Hatsarori Tarayyar Soviet da mutum ɗari ko fiye wanda ya mutu kawai uku lokuta a cikin tarihi na Soviet jirgin sama. Babbar faru ne fall na Tu-154 kusa Uchkuduk, a kan ƙasa na Uzbekistan. Ya yi aiki a kan wani fasinja jirgin daga Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, amma bayan arba'in da shida minti bayan takeoff, da jirgin rasa iko da kuma tafi wata tailspin. A sabili da ban tausayi ya faru yi aiki a matsayin mai kula da kuskure. A cewar wani version of matukin jirgin sauran lokaci ya kasance karye. Kashe mutum ɗari biyu da mutane a kan jirgin.

Satumba 11, 2001 hare-haren ta'addanci a Amurka

The biyu mafi girma na yawan hatsarori a duniya su ne wadanda ke fama da suka faru Flight 11 Boston - Los Angeles da kuma 175 Logan - Los Angeles, wanda aka kama 'yan ta'adda da kuma aika zuwa ga World Trade Center hasumiyai tare da wani bambanci na 17 minti. A wani na farko da jirgin sama (Boeing 767-223ER) ya fasinjoji 92, matukan jirgin da kuma jirgin hidima, ciki har da 5 barayi, a karo na biyu - 65 mutane, ciki har ma da 5 barayi. A sakamakon farko gamuwa a total kashe game da 1692 mutane (fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin daga cikin jirgin sama, da 'yan ta'adda, da mutanen da suke a cikin World Trade Center da kuma ma'aikatan ceto), bayan na biyu wadanda sun har yanzu game da 965 mutane.

Tenerife filin jirgin sama da bala'i

Wani manyan hatsari ya faru a karshen Maris 1977 a Canary Islands. A kan titin jiragen sama ci karo biyu "Boeing", tashi daga Amsterdam - Las Palmas da Los Angeles - Las Palmas ta New York. The hukuma dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari bincike gane da misinterpretation Manager dokokin da kuma matukan jirgin kuskure. A hadarin kashe 583 mutane.

Bala'i Boeing 747 a Tokyo

A shekarar 1985, hatsarori, suna goyon bayan da mai ban tausayi aukuwa da ya faru a birnin Tokyo. A jirgi dake dauke da ciki Osaka Tokyo-gudu, wutsiya stabilizer rasa mutum goma sha biyu da minti bayan Take-kashe, inda batattu iko da ya fado a cikin wani dutse a Japan, 112 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar.

Na 524 mutanen da suke a kan jirgin, kawai hudu na tsira. Mutane da yawa fasinjoji ba su mutu ba, a lokacin da tasiri, da kuma a kan ƙasa - daga hypothermia da kuma raunin da ya faru. Zai yiwu idan taimakon ya isa a baya (hudu tsira samu bayan zuriya goma sha huɗu sa'o'i bayan da hadarin), wasu daga cikinsu ma an ceto.

Charkhi Dadri tsakiyar iska karo

A farko a yawan wadanda ke fama a karo na jirgin sama cikin iska bala'i - auka daga cikin jirgin sama Airlines Boeing 747-168B Saudi Arabia Airlines da kuma Air Kazakhstan jirgin ruwa. Lamarin ya faru a cikin sama a kan Indian birni Charkhi Dadra. A hadarin kashe 349 mutane a kan duka biyu jirage. Daga cikin wadanda ke fama da hadarin ciki har da 'yan asalin India, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Rasha, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, da Amurka, Pakistan, Bangladesh da kuma Birtaniya (da rage yawan mummunar).

A Sanadin da hadarin da hukuma hukumar gane da wadannan dalilai:

• matalauta da ilmi na Turanci jirgin hidima da kuma matukan jirgin, da jirgin sama.
• rashin fasaha na matukan jirgin da kuma matukan jirgin na unsatisfactory yi na aikinsu.
• rashin sana'a misali phraseology for matukan jirgi.
• gaban kawai guda corridor for takeoffs da landings.
• babu radar a filin jirgin sama a Delhi India.

Turkish Airlines hadarin kusa Paris

A bala'i ya faru a kan Paris a farkon Maris 1973. Jiragen Turkish kamfanonin jiragen sama tashi daga Istanbul zuwa London via Paris, a lokacin da minti shida, bayan takeoff da kaya daki kofa bude. A jirgin sama rasa iko da fall rafke cikin kananan niƙaƙƙun. Inda ya kashe a kan, watau 334 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin goma sha biyu.

A harin ta'addanci a kan tekun Atlantic

Aikin 'yan ta'adda da ya faru a shekarar 1985 a kan tekun Atlantic, ya yi sanadiyar rayukan 329 mutane. Hadarin jirgin sama ya faru a duniya ruwaye, da jirgin saman m cikin guda a sakamakon fashewar a cikin kaya riƙe. Alhakin da hadarin ya zaci kawai uku tsattsauran ra'ayi a Amurka da kuma Canada.

Masifa Saudi Arabia Airlines a Riyadh

A 1980, Saudi Arabia Airlines jirgin sama tashi da hanya Karachi - Riyadh - Jeddah. A 'yan mintuna bayan dauki-kashe a kan jirgin cikin wuta ya faru. The ƙungiya daga jirgin sama ya iya yin gaggawa saukowa, amma ceto ya fara aiki ne kawai ashirin da uku minti bayan saukowa. Flight hidima sami ikon bude kofofin da kuma fara da fitarwa, da kuma filin jirgin sama da sabis da ake bukata lokaci don warware da ya dace umarnin a Turanci. A sakamakon bata lokaci ba, duk 287 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin suka mutu, goma sha huɗu.

Da bala'i na Donetsk a 2014

Babban hadarin ashirin-farko karni a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet ya faru a lokacin rani na 2014 a kan ƙasa na amfani da makamai rikici tsakanin dakarun gwamnati da kuma sojojin da Donetsk ta kasar. "Boeing" 777, yawo daga Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (babban birnin na Malaysia), An buga wani "Littafi" a kai-propelled anti-aircraft hadaddun. Search aiki da kuma binciken lamarin da aka wuya da cewa yankin inda jirgin saman ya fadi, ya tsakanin biyu fronts.

A sakamakon wannan bala'i a kashe 298 mutane. Reis ya yi amfani da mai magana da yawun ga World Health Organization, wani Sanata daga Labour Party na Netherlands, Australian marubuci, mahalarta na kasa da kasa AIDS Society. Lamarin ya zama wani gagarumin factor na sabon takunkumi a kan Rasha, ta shafi stock fihirisa da kuma fatarar na kamfanin Malaysia Airlines.

Masifa kaya AN-32 a Zaire

Top goma Hatsari rufe lamarin kaya AN-32, wanda ya faru a Zaire. A jirgin sama bai iya tashi a cikin iska da kuma fadi zuwa cikin wata kasuwar da aka sosai a kusa da titin jiragen sama. A sakamakon hadarin ya kashe makaniki, wanda ya a kan jirgin saman da 297 mutane a kan ƙasa, daga gare su, musamman mata da kuma yara. kawai 66 mutane sun iya gano daga cikin matattu.