Green-Vermillion index. baka kiwon lafiya index. Clinical jarrabawa a likitan hakori

Kada ka san yadda za a tsabtace harshenka yadda ya kamata? Idan kana so ka sami mai tsanin murmushi, kana bukatar ka koyi ga kula da baka rami. Yanzu za mu yi kokarin sanar da ku wannan.

hygienic index

Hygienic Index of Green-Vermillion ba ka damar kimanta darajar tartar da plaque dabam. Domin sanin wannan binciken shida hakora 31, 11, 16, 26 - vestibular jirgin sama, da kuma 36, 46 - lingual. Plaque za a iya kimanta da rini mafita ( "Magenta", Schiller Pisareva "Erythrosin") ko gani.

Wadannan lambobin da sharudda na hakori plaque :

• 0 - ba layering.
• 1 - taushi plaque rufe kasa da 1/3 na hakori jirgin sama, ko gaban wani yawan stained adibas (ruwan kasa, kore, da dai sauransu).
• 2 - m layering suna located a kan kasa da 2/3, amma fiye da 1/3 na surface matauni.
• 3 - taushi plaque, mamaye fiye da 2/3 na hakori surface.

Tabbatar da dalilin da Yammacin kuma supragingival matauni dutse samar amfani dantistskogo bincike.

Fiye da mai kyau index na Green-Vermillion? Evaluation na tartar (sharudda da kuma lambobin) ne kamar haka:

• 0 - duwatsu ba su da samuwa.
• 1 - supragingival shaida rufe kasa da 1/3 na hakori jirgin sama.
• 2 - samuwar, da aka sanya a kan danko rufe kasa da 2/3, amma 1/3 na wani hakori jirgin sama, ko gaban mutum nodules a cikin mahaifa yankin.
• 3 - supragingival layering rufe fiye da 2/3 na hakori jirgin sama ko babban dutse nodules located game wuyansa.

Green-Vermillion index aka lasafta ta ƙara da dabi'u samar ga kowane daga ta abubuwa da division da yawan jirage da kuma karatu da nadawa biyu yawa.

cliché

da lissafi dabara ne amfani ne kamar haka:

IGR-y = Naira Miliyan Xari da plaque / jirage yawan + Naira Miliyan Xari da dutse / yawan saman.

Fassarar da fihirisar (GPI-dabi'u a matakin magani) da aka samarwa:

• 0,0-1,2 - m.
• 1.3-3.0 - halatta.
• 3,1-6,0 - low.

Green-Vermillion index yana da wadannan dabi'u na nagartacce plaque:

• 0,0-0,6 - m.
• 0,7-1,8 - hakuri.
• 1,9-3,0 - sharri.

KPU fihirisa

Wannan bayyana da fihirisa na kiwon lafiya da na baka rami? Daya daga cikin muhimman hakori coefficients (KPU) ya nuna cikin tsanani da Rotting. Harafin "K" yana nufin adadin lalacewar da hakora, "P" - da yawan shãfe haske, "U" - da yawan da za a cire ko dismantled hakora. Jimlar wadannan dabi'u ba wani ra'ayin game da ci gaban da Rotting tsari a cikin wani mutum.

Akwai iri uku CPU coefficient:

• KPUz - yawan carious hakora da kuma warke a cikin gwajin.
• KPU jirage (KPUP) - yawan halaka fuskoki;
• KPUpol - da adadin fillings da caries tududa.

Wadannan Manuniya ana amfani da wadanda ba na dindindin hakora:

• KP - yawan karye hakora da kuma warkar da gajeren cizo.
• KP - ware Naira Miliyan Xari rududdugaggu saman.
• CPR - yawan carious rami da like.

Rasa a sakamakon jiki canji ko wani m cirewa hakora a occlusion ake mance ka. A lokacin da yara motsi hakora amfani da wani hade da biyu coefficients: CPU da kuma CP. Don gane da sauran tsanani da cuta takaita biyu digiri. CPU 6 zuwa 10 tabbatar da babban tsanani lalata 3-5 - matsakaiciya, 1-2 - ƙananan.

Wadannan rabo ba nuna hakikanin hoto, domin suna da irin wannan shortcomings:

• la'akari da cirewa hakora, da kuma disinfected.
• iya kawai ƙara da shekaru da kuma a kan lokaci fara yi wasa baya carious raunuka.
• ba da damar asusun na farko lalacewa.

tsanani flaws

Muhimmanci flaws Manuniya KPUz da KPUP ne su rashin tabbas tare da kara lalata saboda da samuwar sabuwar cavities a cikin hakora warkar, asarar like, secondary caries da kuma irin abubuwan.

Jam'i caries nuna wani kaso. Domin wannan ɓangare na mutane da suke samu da wannan cuta (sai dai mai da hankali demineralization), raba da yawan diddigin a cikin wannan tawagar da ta tara da ɗaya da ɗari.

Domin tantance tashin hakorin lalata a wani musamman yankin, ta yin amfani da irin wannan kiyasta ruwan dare kudi daga cikin yanayi na goma sha biyu yara:

• Low tsanani matakin - 0-30%.
• Dangi - 31-80%
• manyan - 81-100%.

index CPITN

Cancantar hygienic yanayin da na baka rami daukan wuri ta yin amfani da daban-daban fihirisa. La'akari da CPITN coefficient. Ana amfani da a asibiti yi wajen saka idanu da kuma nazarin Jihar periodontal. Tare da wannan index rubuta kawai ne ga waɗanda ãyõyi wanda za a iya fara inganta a gaban shugabanci (tartar, kumburi da gumis, wanda suna hukunci da zub da jini), kuma ba ya la'akari da komowar canje-canje (motsi da hakora, danko koma bayan tattalin arziki, asarar epithelial makala).

Tare da wani ajali aiwatar CPITN aiki. Wannan factor ba a amfani da wa waraka shiryawa. A mafi muhimmanci amfani ne da gudun ganewa, da bayanai da abun ciki, sauki da kuma ikon kwatanta sakamako. Da bukatar doctoring m kan wadannan sifofi:

• code X ko 0 yana nufin cewa babu bukatar su yi wa haƙuri.
• 1 nuna cewa wani mutum ya kula mafi alhẽri a gare su baka rami.
• 2 ne cewa wajibi ne a kawar da abubuwan da shafi da bata lokaci ba na plaque da kuma samar da sana'a kiwon lafiya;
• Code 3 nuna makawa baka kiwon lafiya da kuma curettage, wanda yawanci rage kumburi da kuma aljihu zurfin rage-rage zuwa dabi'u karami fi ko daidai to 3 mm;
• 4 nufin cewa tabbatar da isasshen mucosal baka kiwon lafiya, kazalika da zurfin curettage. A wannan yanayin a hade magani.

PMA

Saboda haka, za mu ci gaba da a kan samu daga abin da kiwon lafiya index. alveolar-papillary-m fihirisar (PMA) da ake amfani da sanin da tsananin gingivitis. Akwai da dama iri na wannan adadi, amma yana dauke da ya fi na kowa factor a PMA Parma gyara. A gaban hakora (yayin da rike hadin dentition) rubuce daidai da shekaru na shekaru 15 da mazan - 30 hakora, 6-11 shekaru - 24 12-14 - 28. Kullum, da PMA coefficient ne sifili.

Yara Kula

Mene ne index Fedorov-Volodkina? Amfani da shi domin sanin ko haƙuri ne mai kyau watch a kan hakora. Wannan nuna alama kamata a yi amfani domin tantance yanayin bakin cikin yara har zuwa 5-6 shekaru. Don tsayar da karatunsa labial fuskar shida hakora.

Tare da musamman mafita hakora stained da kuma kimanta gaban plaque a kan su. Tabbatar da dalilin da Yammacin kuma supragingival dutse dantistskogo yi amfani da wani bincike. Lissafi na da coefficient Naira Miliyan Xari da lambobin samu ga kowane kashi da yawan rabo jirage karatu, bi da nadawa da biyu dabi'u.

na kullum

Fedorov-Volodkina Index (1968) da kuma yanzu yi amfani a cikin kasar.

Da farko, potassium-iodide bayani na aidin-stained lebe surface na shida gaban ƙananan hakora. Hygienic index aka ƙaddara daga cikin tsanani da sakamakon launi, to, shi da aka kimanta da wani biyar-aya hanya, da kuma aka lasafta bisa ga dabara Kcp = (ΣKu) / n, inda:

• Dac - janar hygienic tsaftacewa rabo.
• Ku - lafiya tsarkakewa kudi na daya hakori.
• n - yawan hakora.

Colorization cikin jirgin sama na da kambi ne 5 points. 3/4 - 4; 1/2 - 3; 1/4 - 2 maki. rashin launi - 1. A wata al'ada lafiya rate kada wuce 1.

PHP

Kuma abin da su ne mafi kyau fihirisa na baka lafiya? Quite na kowa ne ya dace factor (PHP). Total ci plaque fentin shida hakora. A index aka lasafta ta kayyade code for kowane hakori da Summing da lambobin don kowane sashi. Bugu da ari, duk lambobin hakora binciki kara da kuma sakamakonsa na Naira Miliyan Xari raba da adadin hakora.

A ado bangaren

kiwon lafiya index ne fiye da amfani da Zahnärzte. aiyuka na ado hakori cizo nuna alama domin sanin matsayi. Yana gyaran gaba daya da matsayi na hakora da kuma wani cizo tsarin a transversal, sagittal kuma a tsaye kwatance. Ana amfani da 12-shekaru tsufa.

dubawa

Kuma abin da su ne sakamakon yi kimantawa likita jarrabawa a likitan hakori? An sani cewa wani m binciken da mazauna nuna su kiwon lafiya Hanyar kunshi samar da yanayi na su cikakken jiki ci gaba, rigakafin cututtuka ta hanyar aikata dace hygienic, prophylactic, warkewa da kuma zamantakewa.

Manufar ne don ƙarfafa asibiti jarrabawa da adana jama'a kiwon lafiya, da kara tsawon rayuwarsu.

Medical jarrabawa ne aka yi nufi ga warware irin wannan matsaloli:

• shekara-shekara review na mutum kiwon lafiya;
• m saka idanu na marasa lafiya.
• fafitikar da miyagun halaye, ganewa da kuma kawar da Sanadin hakorin lalata.
• Active kuma dace hali na wasanni da kuma warkewa matakan.
• inganta yadda ya dace da kuma ingancin likita agaji ga al'ummar ta hanyar m da juna aiki na iri daban-daban na cibiyoyin, manyan-sikelin hannu na likitoci na daban-daban fasahohin, gabatarwar goyon bayan sana'a, sabon siffofin daidaituwa, halittar inji tsarin domin dubawa na zabe da ci gaban musamman shirye-shirye.

kallon yara

Ana kirga da index na Green-Vermillion, likitoci iya ƙirƙirar rukuni na dispensary kallo na yara:

• Group 1 - yara wanda basu da Pathology.
• 2nd kungiyar - a gaskiya, da lafiya da yara tare da wani tarihi na wani kullum, ko m cuta ba ya shafar aiki na muhimmanci gabobin.
• Na uku kungiyar - da yara tare da na kullum cututtuka a daidaita, kuma Yammacin decompensated su ba shakka.

A dauke da fitar da hakori Nazarin yara tasbĩhi uku bulan:

• A lokaci na farko, da dubawa aka yi domin kowane yaro mutum rajista, wani ƙarin jarrabawa a asibiti, sa'an nan sanin da kungiyar outpatient kallo, kimanta da jimiri da kowane yaro da kuma nuna a fakaice prioritization Nazarin.
• Na biyu - contingent kafa ta kungiyoyin curation nada guda phasing yanayi da kuma ci gaba da binciken, proportionally raba tsakanin dispensary marasa lafiya da likitoci, yana bukatar gamsu surveyed contingent inpatient da outpatient magani.
• A cikin uku - da likitoci ƙayyade da mita da kuma yanayin aiki kula ga kowane yaro, daidai bincike da warkewa matakan, daidai da wani canji a kiwon lafiya matsayi, kimanta tasiri na follow-up.

Na bayar da muhimmanci shi ne kungiyar na ilimi aiki don rigakafin hakori cututtuka a yara da kuma halittar kula dalili ga nan sabon hakora.

dubawa ciki

Domin cimma matsakaicin sakamako a cikin rigakafin hakori cututtuka, na bukatar ha] in kai na hakori, kuma gynecology, da kuma lafiyar mata ta Nazarin a lokacin daukar ciki. A hakori ofishin, likitoci da za'ayi:

• dubagari da na baka rami.
• taimako a zabin na asali da kuma karin hanyar kiwon lafiya, da horo management na baka kula.
• sana'a kiwon lafiya;
• remineralizing far qara juriya na hakori enamel.

caries Rigakafin

Definition na Green-Vermillion index taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rigakafin cututtuka da hakora da expectant iyaye mata, wanda aka tsara domin cimma biyu manufofin: hana ci gaban caries a yara a utero da kuma inganta hakori matsayi na mata.

An sani cewa mahaifiyar ta kiwon lafiya rinjayar da aiwatar da kwanciya da jariri da hakora da cewa yana farawa a 6-7 makonni na gestation. Likitoci sun ƙaddara cewa a daban-daban pathologies fetal slows mineralization na hakori enamel da kuma lokaci-lokaci tsaya a nan ba a mataki na farko calcification. A cikin zubar lokaci, shi za a iya koma, amma ba isa misali matakin.

The mace riga a farkon matakai na ciki tabarbarewar hakori wuya tsokoki da kuma periodontal saboda matalauta hygienic yanayin da na baka rami. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi yana bukatar a gudanar da wani m matakan muddin baby ba a haife. Doctors shawara mata zuwa bi zuwa ga daidai yanayin aiki da kuma sauran, motsa jiki da kuma abinci mai gina jiki da bitamin far.

odontolith

A hakori surface ne m zuwa daban-daban da tasirinsa. An kafa concretions saboda wadannan dalilai:

• take hakkin daukan taban tsari.
• al'ada na snacking da kuma amfani da wani m yawan Carbonated drinks kuma carbohydrates.
• liyafar kagaggun m abinci.
• cututtuka na ciki gabobin.
• shan taba da kuma barasa zagi.

A abun da ke ciki, kan-da subgingival duwatsu daga juna ɗan daban-daban. A farkon m alli carbonate, magnesium da alli phosphate. Bugu da kari, yana da wuya. The biyu an kafa daga hakori plaque, wanda ya ƙunshi babban adadin abinci sharan gona, epithelial Kwayoyin, gamsai, kwayoyin hade da danko sosai yau.

Mene ne tsarkakewa na baka rami? Tare da shi hana samuwar concretions. Doctors bayar da shawarar yau da kullum da hakori ziyara da kuma amfani da hakori floss, man goge baki da kuma m high quality-goge. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a yi amfani toothpicks da rinses baka rami.

harshe

Kuma yanzu dubi yadda tsabta da harshe. Idan wannan jiki ba hari - your narkewa kamar tsarin lafiya. Tun daga zamanin Hippocrates, likitoci tambayi mãsu haƙuri nuna harshen. An sani cewa daga jiki, ta hanyar da surface fitar da m adadin slag. Idan harshen tara kwayoyin, sun zama mai guba.

A wannan jiki yana da yawa papillae, bumps da rami, ciki har da kankanin barbashi nitsewa guzuri. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa da harshen shi ne a mayar da hankali na kwayoyin. Su ake, ɗaukar da yau a kan hakora, da kuma kara bayyana m numfashin - halitosis.

Idan wani mutum a kai a kai na wanke da harshen, damar da kamuwa da cuta a jikinsa da wahala, ji na ƙwarai dandano rabe ƙaruwa, ya hana gingivitis, narkewa kamar fili cuta, periodontal cuta, hakorin lalata.

Wannan jiki bukatar kankara duk, musamman Club, kuma waɗanda ke da wata "Gwargwadon" harshen, a farfajiya na waxanda suke da zurfin folds da kuma furrows.

Kula da harshen yi bayan tsabtace hakora da kuma bakin vypoloschen. Na farko, da kwayoyin cuta ana cire kai samame matakai (daga tushe to tip) a gefe daya daga cikin jiki da kuma sa'an nan zuwa ga sauran. Sa'an nan, a fadin harshen rike wani goga 3-4 sau, ta sa taliya da kuma m kankara jiki daga tushen zuwa gefen. Next ka bukatar kurkura bakinka, amfani da gel sake da kuma tsaya da shi domin 2 da minti. Bayan duk wadannan jan za a iya wanke tafi da ruwa.

Tsaftacewa da harshe ne mai muhimmanci bangaren na kula. Kashe plaque, gamsai, abinci remnants, shafi farfajiya na hakori, mafi musamman scraper ko goga (iya zama taushi). Disinfectant gel ajiye a kan groomer, ya cika gibba tsakanin filamentous papillae. A lokacin liquefaction, ya rayayye saki oxygen, wanda yana da m antibacterial aiki a kan anaerobic microflora da na baka rami. Idan akai yi wannan hanya, da samuwar hakori plaque an rage zuwa 33%.

Mouthrinse

Mutane da yawa marasa lafiya tambaye: "Abin da yake a kurkura bakinka," Idan kana da inflamed gumis za a iya amfani da antimicrobial (antiseptic) da kuma anti-inflammatories. Antiseptic kwayoyi aiki a kan kwayoyin da zai haddasa suppuration. Anti-mai kumburi kwayoyi ne kusan babu sakamako a kan ƙwayoyin cuta, amma ba za su iya rage cutar ta ci gaba.

To, abin da yake ga kurkura bakinka idan inflamed gumis? Doctors bayar da shawarar:

• Idan periodontitis ko gingvite amfani da iri na kudi, ko da yake antimicrobial zai zama mafi tasiri.
• Lokacin da kumburi da hakori m rijiyoyin bukatar su yi amfani da maganin antiseptik wakili, misali, "Chlorhexidine".

Idan ka kafin abinci ko da yaushe za su wanke hannuwansu, sa'an nan - to tsabtace hakora da kuma harshe, za a bayar da wani kyalkyali murmushi ga shekaru masu zuwa.