Frederick Taylor. The kafa na kimiyya kungiyar na aiki da kuma gudanarwa

Manufar kowane kasuwanci - inganta nasu yi sigogi. Don yin wannan, kana bukatar ka ƙara yawan aiki na ma'aikata da kuma rage ba dole ba ta halin kaka. Frederick Winslow Taylor gano abubuwan da zai shafi yawan aiki, amma kuma sanya mahaliccin kimiyya gudanar da tsarin. Ta hanyar jerin gwaje-gwajen, ya ƙaddara da talakawan lokaci na kullum kammala wasu ayyukan da mafi kyau hanyoyi na cika su.

Frederick Taylor: A Biography

A nan gaba kafa kimiyya management, an haife shi a 1856 a wani iyali lauya a Pennsylvania. Ya yi karatu a Faransa da kuma Jamus, kuma daga baya a New Hampshire, a Exeter Academy. Frederick Winslow Taylor asali nufin zama lauya kamar mahaifinsa. Ya samu nasarar kammala a 1847 daga Kolejin Harvard a cikin wannan sana'a, amma ya nuna hangen nesa da matsaloli, wanda bai ba shi ya ci gaba da ilimi.

Ya aiki Frederick Taylor ya fara a matsayin wani almajiri modeler, wasu lokaci kuwa direban inji, amma a cikin shekaru 35 da shekaru, da aka ciyar da su a management shawara bayan nasarar gudanar da wani jerin gwaje-gwajen a wani karfe niƙa a Midvele, da kuma bisa laákari da sakamakon sanya muhimmanci da shawarwari don gudanarwa. Ga shi shekaru shida ya fita daga wani sauki ijara-ma'aikacin da babban injiniya, a layi daya rubutu samu fasaha da ilimi, da kuma a karon farko bambanta albashin da ma'aikata bisa ga yawan aiki.

Professional nasarori

A 1890, nan gaba kafa Taylorism ƙare ya injiniya aiki da kuma zama babban manajan masana'antu a Philadelphia zuba jari m. Amma bayan shekaru uku, ya yanke shawarar fara nasa kasuwanci da kuma zama na farko da a cikin tarihi na management ta mai zaman kansa shawara. A a layi daya, Frederick Taylor tsunduma a cikin popularization na da hanyoyin kimiyya na samar management ta hanyar da membobinsu a cikin American Society of Engineers Mechanical, ya ba tukuna kafa wata kungiyar da ke karkata zuwa ga wannan batun.

Irfanin Concepts da cewa kawo shi a duniya shahararsa, da masanin kimiyyar bayyana a cikin uku da manyan ayyuka:

• "Factory Management".
• "Principles of Scientific Management".
• "Shaida kafin Congress ta musamman hukumar."

m experimentation

Duk da yake aiki a wani karfe factory Taylor bincika lokaci ciyar a kan kisan mutum samarwa ayyukan. A farko gwaji ya zuwa auna key lokacin yankan alade baƙin ƙarfe. Frederick Taylor ya iya kacokan da talakawan yawan aiki na aiki norms, wanda sa'an nan ya fara da za a mika wa duk ma'aikata. A sakamakon haka, da sha'anin albashi ya karu da 1.6 sau saboda kara yawan aiki da kusan 4 Musulunci da kuma rationalizing da masana'antu tsari na ingots.

Jigon na biyu gwaji, gudanar da Taylor, ya ƙayyade mafi kyau hanyoyin da za a saukar da workpieces a kan inji tare da m, wanda aka musamman ƙirƙira by shi, da kuma yancin gudun sabon. A sha'anin yana da dubban gwaje-gwajen da cewa wahayi 12 abubuwan da tasiri cikin karshe inganci da aka gudanar.

bincike ka'idar

Kimiyya management - laima lokaci ga ideas sa a gaba tare da girmamawa ga Taylor management ka'idar da yi. Ya Hanyar shafi maimaita hawan keke na short, a cikakken jerin ayyuka ga kowane ma'aikatan mamba, kula da aiwatar da manufofin dalili na ma'aikata ta amfani da ri lada tsarin. Amfani a yau a mafi kungiyoyin bambanta tsarin na albashin da kari for yi aka gina a kan ta aiki lokaci. A cewar babban kungiya management masu bincike Andrzej Huchinski da kuma David Buchanan, yadda ya dace, hasashen da, da kuma iko da samar da tsari - shi ne babban burin, wanda aka sanya wa Frederick Taylor zuwa ta kimiyya management.

Sadarwa na sirri da kuma sana'a rai

A sakamakon da shawara na da ainihin aiki lokaci rage bukatar aiki, embittered ma'aikata ko da kokarin kashe da masanin kimiyya. Da farko, ko da shugabannin harkokin kasuwanci sun yi tsayayya da shi, kuma a cikin Amurka Congress, musamman hukumar nazarin fitar da sakamakon bincikensa da aka kafa.

Tun 1895, Taylor ya sadaukar da kansa ga nazarin kimiyya kungiyar can. A tsawon lokaci, ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa jindadin da sha'anin mai yiwuwa ne kawai a karkashin sharadi gwargwado ga kowane ma'aikaci. The masanin kimiyyar ya mutu yana da shekaru 59 daga ciwon huhu, da barin karshe wahayi zuwa gare su masu bincike da kuma 'yan kasuwa a yau.

Frederick Taylor: Principles of Management

Kimiyya management system dogara ne a kan uku "ginshiƙai": da standardization na aikin tafiyar matakai, tsanaki selection da kuma horar da ma'aikata, monetary dalili a kan sakamako ga mai kyau yi. Babban dalilin da ineffectiveness na Taylor - shi ne rashin basin karfafa ma'aikata, sabõda haka sunã kawai dole kula da zamani kasuwa.

A zuciya na tsarin ci gaba da masana kimiyya Labor Organization ne 4 ka'idodin:

• Hankali da hankali ga mutum aka gyara na samar da tsari domin kafa dokoki da dabarbari domin su tasiri kisa.
• Hankali selection na ma'aikata, su horo da kuma sana'a ci gaba, kazalika da sallama daga waɗanda suka ba su iya fahimtar kimiyya management.
• Feedback management tare da ma'aikata da kuma haduwa da masana'antu da kuma kimiyya.
• Da rarraba ayyuka tsakanin ma'aikatan da kuma management: na farko shi ne alhakin da inganci da yawa daga karshe samfurin, yayin da wasu - don ci gaban shawarwari domin inganta kungiyar na aiki.

Taylor bisa ka'idojin sun tabbatar da daidai, saboda wani karni daga baya, su ne tushen aiki na wani sha'anin, da kuma nazari na kula da tsarin - shi ne daya daga cikin babban kwatance na gudanar da bincike.