Decentralization - Mene ne wannan? Karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization

Rasha jihar a yanzu mataki na ci gaba a cikin yanayi da suke peculiar ga m bidi'a tsari. Yana da wani determinant da cewa akwai bukatar da-gina gida siyasa, da ayyukan da hukumomin} asar, a post-Soviet Rasha, kazalika da kafa wani takamaiman vector na siyasa management. A musamman, wajibi ne a amsa tambaya: "Decentralization - abin da yake da shi da kuma abin da suke ta bambance-bambance daga karkashin shugabancin tsakiya ikon?"

Mene ne tsari na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization?

Juya zuwa ga terminology, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization of management - daban-daban Concepts. Saboda haka, karkashin shugabancin tsakiya - shi ne maida hankali ne dukkan iko a hannun guda kungiyar. Daga siyasa ra'ayi, a lokacin da gwamnati ba kula da dukan ikon a nasa hannun, kuma ya ba da wani wasu iyawa na gida gwamnatin jikinsu, shi ne decentralization. Mẽne ne, da damar more daki-daki don gano gwani amsoshi a kan batun.

Biyu methodological hanyoyin da decentralization na ikon

Don kwanan wata, bisa ga Vardan Baghdasaryan, akwai biyu methodological fuskanci cewa ba ka damar amsa tambaya: decentralization - abin da shi ne. A gaba dayan girma na administrative dalĩli iya sallama takamaiman adadin, wanda zai zama 100%. Idan fiye da 90% na ikon da aka mayar da hankali a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin m jikin jihar ikon da kawai 10% suna da aka ba wa iyawa na } ananan hukumomi, shi za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa a cikin rãyuwar Jihar Karkasa management. Idan kashi na rarraba ikon ne inversely na gwargwado, wato, 90% dangantaka da iko na gida kai gwamnati da kuma kawai 10% zuwa hukumomin gwamnati, a tarayya da jihohi, ba za mu iya magana game da abin da suka tafi decentralization tsari.

Saboda haka, na farko methodological m yale mu mu yi magana game da shugabanci model - wuce kima decentralization. A wasu kalmomin, yanzu al'amurran da suka shafi na gida kai gwamnati ba za a iya warware kai tsaye a kan "kasa". Don yin wannan, to lobby cikin bukatun da wani musamman Locality a a mafi girma gabobin da management matakan, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta ba za a iya yi.

Idan decentralization faruwa a kan na biyu model, shi kara hadarin separatism a cikin kasar. Wannan na iya zama wata babbar factor a kayyade da rushewar kasar statehood.

Abin da aka kewaye fursunoni na decentralization na ikon?

Ba kawai don amsa tambaya: "Decentralization - abin da yake da shi?" - shi ne mai muhimmanci a gane asali ribobi da fursunoni na rabuwa da iko inji.

1. Asarar da kenkenewa a kan kudin bayar da gwamnatin. Wannan mummunan ƙarasa da cewa tsakiyar hukumomi ba zai iya gudanar da karfafawa m monetary siyasa. Wasu daga cikin manyan kasashen jarin a cikin yankuna na Rasha Federation, cewa shi ne ishe su muhimmanci kudi nauyi. Shi ne saboda wadannan dalilai shafi kudi musanya.
2. A ci gaba da burokrasi. Decentralization na ikon - shi ne ba kawai da rarraba iko, amma kuma kara yawan cibiyoyin jihar da kuma jami'ai, kowanne daga abin da aikin wani daban-daban rawa. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa wuce kima tsari kamar yadda a cikin harkokin siyasa Sphere kuma a cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa Sphere.
3. Bugu da kari, da decentralization na ikon - shi ke kara cin hanci da rashawa a gida gwamnatin. A delimitation na iko ne mai redistribution na iko a gida matakin. Don sarrafa gida tsoma bakin zo, godiya ga wanda lobbying moriyar kasuwanci da kamfanonin yin amfani da cin hanci da rashawa na hukuma, cin hanci da rashawa da kuma kyauta bayarwar su.
4. Shirin hana haske na da iko a filin. Idan mafi girman jihar hukumomin buga rahotanni a kan su ayyukan, da gida kai gwamnati ya fita da aikin a cikin wasu inuwõyi. Jami'ai a gida matakin, duba cikin ayyukan da kafofin watsa labarai, don haka na ayyuka na hukuma ya sa jama'a da cutarwa gefe ba zai yiwu.

Duk da cewa da decentralization na ikon a Rasha an fuskanci da yawa matsaloli, wannan ginshiki yana da yawan abũbuwan amfãni da kuma dama da unrealized.

sassauci MSU

Kananan hukumomi ne mafi alhẽri bayani game da data kasance da matsaloli a cikin ƙasa na musamman yankin. Wannan damar tallafi na m mafita don magance kunno kai yanayi. Duk da haka, saboda rashin dace siyasa da tattalin arziki ihisani tsarin bai yi aiki ba.

Gasar uri'a MSU

Daya babbar riba na decentralization ne ya zama ruwan dare gasar tsakanin daban-daban, daban. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa guda tattalin arziki sarari a cikin Rasha Federation ba, a jihar akwai low aiki motsi, aiki da kudi gudana.

nauyin gida gwamnati

Nauyi na gwamnati da za ~ e. An yi imani da cewa karamar kusa yadda ya kamata zuwa ga mutane, san da bukatun su da kuma matsaloli. Saboda haka, ayyuka ya zama kamar bude da kuma m. A gaskiya, da tip da hukumomin yankin - su ne wakilan gida tsoma bakin, suka fi son a bar a cikin inuwar nasu aikin, game da shi kuna ɓõyẽwa da gaskiya fuskantarwa da ayyukan.

Cak da ma'aunan

Kauce wa da usurpation na ikon damar gwargwado karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization, wanda yakan haifar da wani m rabuwa da iko 50/50. Duk da haka, domin tasiri aiki na inji zama dole don sarrafa musamman cibiyoyin. A cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation, wannan aiki yana da rauni, ba damar a dace mataki na kula da wani sashe daga cikin daidaituwa tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na gwamnati.

Karkashin shugabancin tsakiya da kuma decentralization na ikon - wani batun da cewa shi ne mafi dacewa da ba rana a kan ƙasa na Rasha. Kawai m rarraba iko a tsakanin daban-daban gabobin da jihar matakan wuta don kauce wa yiwu rashin iyawa bambantawa inji kuma yi damar.