Cybernetics a matsayin horo

Cybernetics - da kimiyya na management matakai a tsauri da tsarin, wanda ta dogara ne a kan msar tambayar Dalili na dabaru, lissafi da kuma tartsatsi amfani da wannan manufa kwamfuta.

Andre Marie Ampere game da ɗari biyu da suka wuce, kammala wani aiki mai suna "makala a kan Falsafa na Science." A Faransa lissafi da likita ya nema ya codify duk data kasance kimiyya da ilmi ba. A wani raba sashe masanin kimiyya sa kimiyya, wanda ya kamata ya yi nazarin hanyoyin da zamantakewa iko. Sunan wannan kimiyya, ya samu daga kalmar Helenanci "kibernetes", ma'ana "helmsman", "helmsman".

Cybernetics Science Ampere da aka sanya a cikin "Siyasa" sashe. Ga wani dogon lokaci ba mu amfani da da kalmar a duk, a gaskiya manta game da shi.

Kawai a 1948 Norbert Viner, American lissafi, da aka buga da aikin "Cybernetics, ko Control da kuma sadarwa a rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma inji." A littafin ya taso da babban amfani da jama'a.

Kusurwar kira cybernetics bayanai ka'idar, ka'idar automata ka'idar da lissafi mai tsauri yi binciken hanyoyin domin gina tsarin for bayanai aiki. A ilmin lissafi na'ura na cybernetics kimiyya ne sosai m. Ya unshi yiwuwa ka'idar, aiki ka'idar, ilmin lissafi dabaru da kuma sauran rassan lissafi.

A ci gaban kimiyya hanyoyin cybernetics taka muhimmiyar rawa ilmin halitta da karatu da gudanar da matakai muhimmi a cikin yanayi. Hukunci a cikin ci gaban cybernetics ya ci gaban da aiki da kai da kuma lantarki, wanda ya kai ga zargin kwakwalwa tare da babban gudun. Wannan ya buɗe sama unprecedented dama ga bayanai aiki da kuma kwaikwaiyo na kula da tsarin.

Da sabis na wani sabon kimiyya ya fara amfani da kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi, sanin halitta, ilimin halin tababbu, Physiology, da tattalin arziki, falsafa, Engineering daban-daban kwatance.

Saboda cybernetics nazarin management matakai, wadannan kimiyyar sun nemi a ci gaba da gudanar da matakai a cikin yankunan da kai-sha'awa. A sakamakon haka, mafi hankali a cikin binciken da aka kõma zuwa wani rai gabar - to da wani mutum wanda shi ne mai kula da tsarin daga cikin mafi girman irin, wanda siffofi da masanan kimiyya da injiniyoyi sun nemi a haifa ta hanyar da inji.

Cybernetics Investigates janar Properties na wani iri-iri na kula da tsarin, wanda ne muhimmi da kuma namun daji, da kuma kwayoyin duniya, da kuma kungiyoyin na mutane.

Control abu (inji, sarrafa kansa line, kwayar halitta mai rai, mai sa na characters) da kuma kula da naúrar (kwakwalwa ko inji) an kullum musayar bayanai.

Management hade da watsa, ajiya, jari, data aiki, bayani da ya bayyana da abu, da waje yanayi, cikin shakka daga cikin matakai, da aikin shirin.

Daban-daban tsarin bambanta da juna da yanayi kafofin watsa labarai (haske, sauti, sunadarai, inji, na'urar sakonni, takardun). Amma a wani hali, wadannan matakai ne batun dokokin general. Dukan su da halin gaban feedback. Har ila yau, duk na kula da na'urorin sun hada da abubuwa da kuma siffofin da suke da na kowa siffofin muhimmi da kuma rayayyun kwayoyin halitta da kuma wucin gadi inji. Sun iya gane da bayanai, mu tara shi, don haddace, da dai sauransu

Cybernetics ya ci gaba musamman hanzari. Game da kwata na karni shi ya girma a cikin daya daga cikin manyan tarbiyya, wanda ya karbi kimiyya fitarwa da kuma duniya muhimmancin.

Yau cybernetics - cikakken fledged kimiyya da ka'idodinta management a zabi yankunan kimiyya da kuma jama'a (tattalin arziki, fasaha, makaman nukiliya cybernetics, da dai sauransu) Cybernetics tasowa Concepts da kuma gina wani model na shugabanci.

Cyber aka kira wani irin iko da cewa ya wadãtu da biyu kungiyar na tsarin, wanda abubuwa ne juna. Yana bayar da mafi kyau duka bayani na tsauri matsaloli. Yana amfani da takamaiman hanyoyin da cybernetics (feedback, kai-ƙungiya, da dai sauransu). yana amfani da aiki da kai da kuma mechanization na aikin a gudanar da kan fasahar kwamfuta da kwamfuta management.