Cuban Revolution of 1953-59

Gundumar Cuban ta wakilci gwagwarmayar yaki da makamai, wanda ya fara ne ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, 1953, kuma ya ƙare a farkon Janairu 1959 tare da nasarar da 'yan ta'addan suka samu. Wannan taron ya haifar da canje-canjen a cikin tsarin jihohi kuma ya sake juyawa duk tarihin gaba na kasar nan.

Cuban Revolution ya haifar

Babban matsalolin jihar sun kasance daidai da tsakiyar karni na ashirin:

- monoculture noma - dalilin da masana'antu ya da rake .

- rarraba tartsatsi daga ƙaura - manyan yankuna masu tasowa masu zaman kansu, wanda ke da ƙwarewa kawai a fitarwa da kuma amfani dasu mai tilasta aiki;

- dogara ga tattalin arzikin gaba daya a babban birnin Amurka.

A farkon Maris 1952, juyin mulki ya faru a kasar, wanda ya haifar da kafa mulkin kama karya-'yan sanda jagorancin Fulgencio Batista.

A sabon ikon halin high cin hanci da rashawa, Cuba ya fara da siyasa danniya da kuma tattalin arziki manufofin jagoranci wani kaifi dakushe da real albashi na da yawan jama'a. An samu ci gaba a cikin al'umma, wanda ya zama wani yunkurin juyin mulki. Dan lauya da lauya Fidel Castro Ruz ya jagoranci masu juyin juya hali.

Tarihin juyin juya hali

Kungiyar 'yan ta'addan da Fidel Castro ta jagoranci a ranar 26 ga Yuli, 1953, sun yi ƙoƙari su shiga ƙauyuka na Moncada da ke Santiago. Sun kidaya kan goyon bayan jama'a, domin a cikin yawancin mutane, rashin amincewa da tsarin mulkin yanzu yana da girma. Duk da haka, wannan bai faru ba, kuma tsauraran 'yan juyin juya hali sun yi yaki da kansu har tsawon sa'o'i biyu, suna fama da nasara.

Yawancin 'yan tawaye sun kashe, kuma aka kama sauran da aka gabatar da su. Fidel Castro kanka kare a shari'a saboda yana da wani lauya. A can ya ce kalmomin sanannen: "Tarihi zai tabbatar da ni."

Duk wanda ake tuhuma ya karbi sanadiyar ɗaurin kurkuku - daga shekaru 10 zuwa 15. Amma jama'a sun kasance a gefen 'yan tawayen, wanda ya tilasta Batista ta shiga dokar ta ba da izini. 'Yan'uwan Castro nan da nan sun yi hijira zuwa Mexico kusa da bayan sun bar kurkuku don kafa kungiyar M-26 (Kungiyar Juli 26). A can Fidel Castro ya sami damar sadu da Che Guevarra mai rikon kwarya, wanda ya shiga mukamin M-26.

A farkon watan Disamba 1956, jirgin ruwa na Granma ya tashi zuwa yankunan da ke lardin Oriente, inda 82 daga cikin 'yan bindiga suka kai hari. Cuban juyin juya halin daga mataki na shiri ya shiga mataki na tashin hankali. Rundunar sojojin gwamnati ta lura dakarun da ke tasowa a hankali, kuma an kusan halaka su. A cewar kafofin da dama, mutane 11 zuwa 22 sun tsira daga wannan yanki.

Duk da rashin nasara na gaba, masu juyin juya hali ba su yi tunani ba game da barin. An yanke shawarar shiga cikin ƙasa, zuwa yankunan karkara. A can, 'yan tawaye sun amince da mazaunan, suka tattara su cikin matsayi. A cikin birane ma, an gudanar da aikin aiki a cikin ɗaliban ɗalibai. An shirya maganganun da aka fadi.

A wannan lokacin, gwamnatin Batista ta karbi rashin amincewa ba kawai a kasarsa ba, har ma a Amurka, babban abokin tattalin arziki da soja na Cuba. Wannan yanayi ya taka a hannun masu adawa.

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1958, juyin juya halin Cuban ya shiga cikin filin. A lokacin kaka sai 'yan tawayen suka dauki iko a lardin Las Villas da Oriente, kuma a ranar farko ta sabuwar shekarar 1959 dakaru suka shiga Santiago nasara. A lokaci daya tare da wadannan abubuwan da sojojin Che Guevara suka kama birnin Santa Clara.

Batista ya yanke shawarar gudu daga kasar, kuma gwamnatinsa ta yi murabus. Ranar 2 ga watan Janairu, 'yan juyin juya hali sun yi garkuwa da Havana, babban birnin kasar Cuba. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, ranar 6 ga watan Janairu, Fidel Castro ta zo cikin nasara don ɗaukar cikakken iko.

Tarihin Cuba bayan juyin juya halin

A kasar, manyan canje-canje sun fara nan da nan. Tsohon sojojin sun maye gurbin tsohuwar dakarun soji, kuma sojojin Militia sun dauki wurin 'yan sanda.

A cikin watan Mayu 1959, an yi gyare-gyare agrarian, sakamakon haka ne aka kawar da karfin, kuma ƙasar da mazaunan jihar suka karbi ƙasar. Daga bisani, a 1963 manyan magunguna sun kasance masu ruwa, kuma a cikin sashin sukari, haɗin gwiwar ya fara.

A wannan shekara ta 1959, bankuna da manyan kamfanoni sun zama mallakar mallakar, kuma a shekarun 1960 an same su a kan kamfanoni na Amurka.

Tun daga shekarar 1961, yakin da ake yi na kasa don kawar da rashin fahimtar jama'a ya bayyana.

Tsarin mulki ya da nisa sosai daga dimokuradiyya. Kafofin yada labaru sun zama gaba daya a karkashin kulawa, kwamitocin don kare juyin juya hali sun fara dubawa a hankali.

Kungiyoyin addinai, ciki har da yawa Katolika majami'u, sun rasa duk suka mallaka, da firistoci suka kagaggun fitar daga kasar.

Harkokin dangantaka da Amurka bayan juyin juya halin ya ɓata muhimmanci, kuma Castro ya yanke shawara don kusantar da ƙasashen waje daga sansanin kwaminisanci - musamman ma tare da USSR. A watan Fabrairun 1960, an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya ta farko a yarjejeniya ta kasar Cuba.

Cuban juyin juya hali ya jagoranci kasar ta sake canza tsarin siyasarsa, kuma a farkon marigayi na 1961 ya bayyana kanta a matsayin 'yan gurguzu.