Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow Kremlin: shirin, zane, description, tarihi, da kuma hotuna. Ina Cathedral Square?

Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow Kremlin - na musamman da gine-gine tarihi abin tunawa. Babban tsawon samuwar wani m gungu - XV-XVI karni.

Ta yaya shi duka ya fara

Ƙarfafa da tattalin arziki matsayi na Moscow sarauta jagoranci zuwa farkon gina m majami'u da kuma Cathedrals. Duke Dmitrii Donskoy da kuma Ivan Kalyta umurni gina haikalin, wanda aka gano a nan gaba tsarin da na sarari layout yanki abun da ke ciki. Abin baƙin ciki, da asali da gine-gine ba a kiyaye su. A zamanin mulkin Ivan III a cikin wannan wuri da aka gina sabon haikalin, kuma ya cancanci babban birnin kasar na Rasha jihar.

domin Building

Daga farkon bayyanar da Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow Kremlin An yi amfani da bikin, processions. A bukukuwan aure a zamanin coronations da kuma a cikin kwanaki na girma addini holidays a cikin ƙasa da aka gudanar maƙil mataki. Wajen da shirayin faceted bẽne, aka yi nufi ga maraba da jakadun} asashen waje. A yankin haye gawa zuwa wuri na karshe tsari na ayyana kabila, metropolitans, sarakuna da grand shugabanninsu.

Dandalin Cathedral a birnin Moscow a cikin goma sha takwas da goma sha tara ƙarni, ba sau daya sa a kan dutse slabs sanya na sandstone. A 'yan shekarun da karni na ashirin da shi ya deben. A lokacin da maimaitawa a cikin shekara ta 1955 yankin kõma ta dutse benaye.

Abubuwan da cewa ba sun tsira

A gungu na Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow Kremlin ya sha nanata sāke. Asalinsu gina kewayen kewaye na yi na itace. Daya daga cikin su gudanar ya tsira a cikin m babban birnin kasar na gobara, wasu kawai rududdugaggu, sa'an nan a inda suke gina sababbi. Kusan duk da haikalin, yanzu tsaye a Cathedral Square, da magabata. Mafi shahara daga cikin yanzu-data kasance abubuwa - Church shaida na tũfa, Haikali Solovetsky mu'ujiza ma'aikata, Mala'iku Cathedral, da Gaske Shelar da zato, da tsohon sarki ta Palace.

Akwai gine-gine da cewa an halaka ko tsanani lalace da abokan gaba. Don haka shi ne a lokacin da Mai girma Lokaci na matsaloli (shekara 1612) da kuma da mamayewa na Napoleon (1812). Alal misali, lokacin da sojojin Faransa da aka mãsu bãyar da bãya daga babban birnin kasar, an halaka su da wata musamman Filaret Annex ga kararrawa hasumiya Ivana Velikogo. A wannan rabo awaited da nan kusa uku-span belfry. Ba kiyaye da coci Ioanna Lestvichnika. Yana da aka gina ko ta domin na Ivan Kalita a 1329. A tsarin da aka octagonal siffar da arches ga karrarawa, wanda aka located a kan bene na biyu. Its sauki fahimta a cikin karni na sha biyar da manufar share yankin domin gina kararrawa hasumiya a cikin girmamawa Ivana Velikogo.

The gine-gine da bayyanar da gina majami'u an canza hanyar da cewa lokacin da ake bukata. Wasu wurare da aka supplemented da sabon surori, cloisters da sauran abubuwa.

Features gine-gine da style

Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin Square (photo gabatar a wannan labarin) yana da wasu siffofin na hali na da gine-gine da makarantu na Vladimir-Suzdal sarauta da kuma Pskov. Masters gayyace daga wurare biyu na Rasha dutse gine-gine, a gina majami'u da kuma Cathedrals ba kawai bin da gargajiya da hanyoyin, amma kuma ya kawo sabon. Alal misali, a cikin shiri aiwatar Rizopolozhensky coci a karon farko sanya high ginshiki. Pskov makaranta ya yi tasiri a kan ado na facades. Saboda haka, a da yawa Ibada za ka iya ganin curbs, ornamental bel a kan ganguna domes beguntsy, uku-bladed version na cikakken facade. Amma Vladimir-Suzdal makaranta, da tasiri mafi bayyanannu a cikin zane na ɗauka Cathedral (kunkuntar arched windows da bel a kan apse).

sabon salon

A kan tushen da kira na da fice a fasali na biyu makarantu na gine-gine na shiyya muhimmancin a cikin karni na sha biyar akwai rannemoskovskogo style halayyar dutse gine-gine, wanda daga baya ya zama All-Rasha. Yana sãɓã wa jũna keel corbel arches a kan facade, da karuwa da tsakiyar dogara sanda whorls da arches podpruzhnymi. A wannan yanayin, da tsakiyar drum na Dome mafi fili canja zuwa gabas sashi daga cikin shiri girma.

kasashen waje trends

Domin a yayin da Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow Kremlin aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar tsanani gine na Italian Renaissance. Duk da cewa da gayyatar kasashen waje gine-ginen yi kokarin tsaya ga gargajiya zabin domin gina da dutse Tsarin cikin Rasha, kayan ado na facades wasu gine-gine (Cathedral na Mala'iku, da faceted bẽne, da sauransu) kasaftawa abubuwa hali na Florentine gine-gine. Daga gare su, zane na taga takware, da ganguna, kazalika da ado. Alal misali, Bon Fryazin karo na farko a Rasha amfani karfe screed a yi tsari. Daga bisani, wannan alama bai isa a kula kashi hana rushewar kararrawa hasumiya Ivana Velikogo lokacin da ka yi kokarin busa shi a 1812

A kadan game da gine-ginen

Abin baƙin ciki, a cikin takardu na karni na sha biyar akwai ba da yawa daga waɗanda sunayen, godiya ga wanda ya bayyana Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow Kremlin. A tarihin ambaci Krivtsov da Myshkin - Head artisanal magina daga Pskov, tsunduma a cikin erection na Gaske Shelar Church da kuma Rizopolozhensky coci.

Saboda rashin da kansa gwani gine-ginen a Moscow ya fara kira 'yan kasashen waje. Daya daga cikin na farko masu zuwa na Italian masana - Aristotle Fioravanti. Ya jagoranci aiwatar da shiri na ɗauka Cathedral. A erection daga cikin shahararrun Palace of fuskoki dabam-dabam tsunduma Marko Fryazin Pierre Antonio Solari. A farkon karni na sha shida, da yi na ɗauka Cathedral gangarawa Aleviz sabon.

A mafi m na Italian Masters kira Bona Fryazino. Game da rayuwarsa da kuma aiki, a can ne kusan babu bayani. Ya dubawa da gina tsari na farko da biyu tiers na belfry Ivana Velikogo. Wannan ya faru a cikin shekaru 1505-1508. Da yanayin da aka ci gaba Petroc Ƙananan - kuma Italian. Ya yi aiki a kan yi shafukan da Kremlin shekara goma sha bakwai (1522), ya mai girma fasaha da kuma matsayi tabbatar da suna Architecton. Irin wannan fitarwa iya fariya kawai biyu mafi Italian - Solari da kuma New Aleviz.

wayewar

Kamar yadda Cathedral Square na birnin Moscow yanzu dubi Kremlin? Tuki gungu, ba shakka, sun samo asali kan lokaci. Mahimmanci, masana tarihi, restorers da sauran masana sun yi aiki ga dama shekaru da dama ya mayar da musamman look zuwa yawa al'adu da tarihi da Monuments. A halin yanzu, da fice a aikin na XV-XVI ƙarni, ya bayyana a gaban admiring baƙi a duk da daukaka. Ka yi la'akari da wasu abubuwa a cikin mafi daki-daki.

Cathedral na Gaske Shelar

Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin Square (shirin kudu maso yammacin ɓangare shi nuna) da aka sani ga Cathedral, gina ta Pskov Masters a 1484-1489. Tun daga zamanin sarautar Ivan III da kuma farkon karni na goma sha bakwai da Gaske Shelar Cathedral shi ne gida coci sarakunan Rasha. Haikali, wanda ake lashe tare da biyar gilded domes - wani jitu abun da ke ciki a rannemoskovskogo gine-gine makaranta style. Ciki da shi ba za ka iya sha'awan rare misalai na addini zanen karni na sha shida. A picturesque hadaddun nau'i nuna ra'ayin da manufa na Orthodox Church a Rasha a matsayin kai tsaye magaji zuwa da Byzantine Empire.

Cathedral of Shugaban Mala'iku

A halin yanzu, wannan gini hidima a matsayin wani kabari da yawa Rasha shugabanni. An located a kudu-maso-gabashin ɓangare na tsakiyar square. A cikin ado bayyanar da haikali an dauke da ya rinjayi da ka'idodin Italian makaranta na gine na Renaissance. Updated babban coci da aka gina a kan site aka mai tsanani shafi da hadari da coci Arhangela Mihaila (yi shekaru - goma sha huɗu). Gina cikakken jituwa da gungu na Kremlin.

faceted bẽne,

Wannan tsarin ne aka yi nufi ga kotun idodi da bikin. Yana da aka gina a cikin lokaci daga 1487 zuwa 1491 Italian gine-ginen Solari da Ruffo dubawa da yi. Yin gabashin facade faceted gunki hadin gwiwa da kuma na'ura Lancet windows suna da sakamakon rinjayar Italian gine. A cikin karni na goma sha bakwai ganuwar da House fentin kansa Ushakov.

Ivan Mai girma Bell

Waje yi ne aka yi nufi ga alamar ikon Rasha. Na dogon lokaci, da kararrawa hasumiya ne tallest gini a cikin babban birnin kasar da kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a matsayin babban agogon-hasumiyoyin da Kremlin. Shi ya zama nasa tarihin a cikin shiri na wadannan al'amudin-majami'u a fadin jihar.

zato Cathedral

Wannan shi ne babban Orthodox coci na Rasha. Yana da aka gina a kan model na babban coci a Vladimir. Shekaru da gine - 1475-1479. A tsakiyar Dome na gilded giciye aka saka a wata tsawo na arba'in da biyar mita. Cikin ganuwar da wannan Haikali da aka yi aure a zamanin Rasha shugabanni da kuma daukaka zuwa ga daraja Orthodox hierarchs. Yau, akwai aka binne mutane da yawa daga cikin biyun nan da metropolitans kasar. Bright tsakiyar dakin fentin wani mutum ɗari Masters su craft.

Yadda za a samu a can?

Ina Cathedral Square? Musamman gungu ne ayi a kan ƙasa na Moscow Kremlin. Yana yiwuwa a fitar da bas № 6 ko №№ trolley 1, 33 (Tsaya tafi "Borovitskaya yanki"), kazalika da a kan jirgin karkashin kasa (Stations "Alexander Garden", "Borovitskaya", "Arbatskaja", "Library su. Lenin ").

ƙarshe

Cathedral na Moscow Kremlin Square (gungu taswirar da aka gabatar a cikin labarin) - wani m aikin. A lokacin da ya biyar da ɗari-labarin ta zama akai-akai a wuri inda manya abubuwan tarihin da aka bar su a baya.