Bututun ta hanyar Ukraine zuwa Turai - da kuma hanya makirci

Gas samarwa da kuma ta yin amfani da aka fara a zamanin da. A Rasha, da tarihi na iskar gas masana'antu ta fara a 1811 godiya ga mahalicci termolamp Petru Sobolevskomu. Kamar yadda lokaci ya tafi a kan, da masana'antu ya samo asali. An bincika yawa filayen, kuma akwai wata tambaya a kan harkokin sufuri na gas zuwa karshe masu amfani. Bayan duk wannan irin na man fetur da aka yi amfani da, ba kawai domestically, amma kuma kawota a kan shigo da zuwa Turai. Kamar yadda mafi m aka hawa ta cikin bututu, da bututun ta Ukraine da aka gina.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na bututun, a Ukraine

Ukraine ya kuma ci gaba da kansa filin. A farko bututun da aka gina a 1924. Sa'an nan, a 1948, an halitta "Dashava - Kiev", daga baya a mika wa Moscow (a 1951). Wancan ne, Ukraine ba kanta kawota 'blue man fetur', da kuma Rasha tsĩrar da shi a cikin kasar. Bayan haka, da fitarwa na gas zuwa kasashen Turai. Duk da yake a cikin Ukraine, akwai adibas na da kansa, ya yi amfani da mafi yawan Rasha man fetur.

Gudanar da wani bututun mai ta Ukraine zuwa Turai

A farko sufuri na man fetur ya faru a 1967. A sa'an nan da Tarayyar Soviet ta kaddamar da bututun iskar gas zuwa Turai ta Ukraine "Valley - Uzhgorod - yamma." Tarayyar ya zama a duniya, most sufuri. Me daidai Ukraine da aka zaba domin gas fitarwa? Da farko, domin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet gina wani hadade gas tsarin. Dalili na biyu shi ne tabarbarewar tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a kasar - da makamai tseren, da zuba jari a cikin MIC da adawa da kasar Sin da kansu ji.

A cikin shekaru 70 da farashin man fetur da kuma iskar gas a kasuwannin duniya dandana kaifi Jump. Waɗannan su ne kawai da kayayyakin da zai iya sauri samar da Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma kudi iya gyara halin tattalin arzikinsu. Kuma a sa'an nan biyu zažužžukan da aka samarwa sufuri: Ukrainian da kuma uniform. A farko samarwa hanya na bututun ta Ukraine, na biyu - ta hanyar duk Soviet jamhuriyoyin iyaka Turai. Kowane Hanyar da ta magoya bayan, amma kungiyar goyon bayan aikin farko yana da mafi nauyi a cikin Tarayyar Soviet gwamnati. Waɗannan su ne shugabannin da suka ko dai sun dade aiki a Ukraine, ko da suka samo asali daga shi - Brezhnev, Chernenko Scherbitsky Tikhonov, Kirilenko. Bugu da kari, da jamhuriyar yana da wani babba nauyi a cikin Soviet tattalin arzikin. A sakamakon haka, bututun hanya ta Ukraine da aka gina da kanta na da manufa na mafi žarancin nisa.

A abun da ke ciki na gas sufuri tsarin na Ukraine

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da tsohon Tarayyar zama mai shi daga cikin mafi girma da gas sufuri tsarin (GTS). Babban samar rafi ya wuce ta wani bututun iskar gas zuwa Turai via Ukraine, wanda a yarda ta shibta wani yanayi sayo kasashen da Rasha.

Gas sufuri ta hanyar kasashe makwabta - shi ne ba wai kawai wata babbar tsawon na da babban bututu. Shi ne kuma mai yawa na mita, ajiya wurare, kwampreso tashoshin. Su duka suna da rawa a cikin redistribution na gas da kuma harkokin sufuri. Don gani fahimci yadda bututun ta Ukraine da kuma wani trans-kaya da maki suna da hannu, shi ne mafi kyau a ga ya makirci. A duban farko, shi ne mai sauki, amma idan ka ga mafi, za ka iya ganin da hanyõyi, da kuma rarraba bututu.

Babban aka gyara daga cikin babban bututun iskar gas

Bututun ta hanyar Ukraine ke ta da yawa birane da garuruwa. Babban daga gare su, dauke da irin wannan muhimmanci da aka gyara kamar yadda kwampreso tashoshin. Students bututun ta hanyar Ukraine 72 yana wannan abu. A TCU ma ya hada da ajiya 13, 12 wanda aka sarrafa rayayye. Har ila yau shigar metering na'urorin. A da kan iyaka da kasar Rasha ne 12 metering tashoshin da kuma yankin da ke da iyaka da kasashen Turai - 11 GIS.

Duk da kayan aiki da kuma tashoshin ake sarrafa ta kamfanin "Ukrgaztrans" da kuma rassansa dake a Kiev, Lviv, Cherkasy, Carpathian da Donbas. Storage, a cikin abin da gas ne pumped cikin Ukraine domin kara sufuri da kuma rarraba located in West na kasar, da Donbas, a Kyiv da kuma Chernihiv yankuna, kazalika a Dnipropetrovsk.

Idan ka dubi ginshiƙi kuma ganin yadda bututun ta Ukraine, za mu iya ganin cewa wannan ba wani bututu tsawon dubu da dama kilomita. Wannan shi ne wani cibiyar sadarwa na sashe da kuma mahadi da sabis maki.

Shari gas zuwa Turai ta Ukraine

Tun da babban bututun iskar gas ta hanyar Ukraine domin sufuri da aka gina da baya a Tarayyar Soviet, bayan rushewar tattalin arzikin kasar dangantaka zauna. A ranar, da sufuri na gas ne da za'ayi a kan wadannan hanyoyi:

• Orenburg - yamma.
• Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhhorod.
• Yamburg - yamma.
• Torzhok - Dolina.
• Valley - Uzhgorod.

Dukan su ne a layi daya ko lauye a wasu yankunan. Kuma idan muka yi magana a general game da yadda bututun ta Ukraine, mu sami biyu main qarqashinsu. Na farkon su - "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod", wanda yake a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa a hade tare da "ci gaba". Na biyu - "Union", wanda za a fara daga Orenburg filin da ya kasance da babban fitarwa bututun a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Tsananin magana, babu wani takamaiman makirci, wanda zai nuna yadda bututun ta Ukraine. "Union" ne babban fitarwa bututun "Druzhba", "Ci gaba" da "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod".

A bututun iskar gas "Soyuz"

A Rasha bututun iskar gas ta hanyar Ukraine an miƙa daga Orenburg zuwa yamma na Tarayyar Soviet. Yana da aka kira "The Union". A da hadin gwiwa yi na kawance da kasashen - Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, East Jamus da kuma Tarayyar Soviet - a cikin shekaru 1975-1976. Ta hanyar da shi hawa gas daga Orenburg filin a Yammacin Turai. Its iya aiki ne biliyan 26 cubic mita a kowace shekara.

Don gane inda bututun gudanar ta hanyar Ukraine, "Union", ya zama dole a yi la'akari da taswirori da Charts. Manyan birane - yana da Orenburg, Uralsk, Alexandrov Gay, Kremenchug, Dolina da Uzhgorod. A kan iyakar Rasha da Ukraine ta gas ma'auni tashar sanye take da wani "Pysarivka" (Rasha ƙasa), sa'an nan bar fitar da iskar gas motsa ta ƙasar Ukraine.

Bugu da kari a wadannan birane, karauka ya wuce ta wasu more. Dukan su suna sanye take da kwampreso tashoshin don tabbatar da dace aiki da tsarin. Yana Novopskov, hogs, May Day, Matveyevka, Aleksandrovka, Talnoe, Gysin, Bar, Gusyatin, Bohorodchany, Hust. Bayan iskar gas metering "Beregove" tashar "tekov" da "Uzhgorod" fetur kawota a Romania, Hungary da kuma Slovakia. A garin Bar an haɗa zuwa babban layin kwarara "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod" da "Ci gaba".

A bututun iskar gas "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod"

A gaskiya, wannan ba daya bututun, da kuma wani rafi da karauka. wani bututun da kuma "Ci gaba" a hada. Construction da aka fara a ranar da Urengoy filin. Yana da aka gina a cikin hadin gwiwa tare da bankuna a Jamus da Japan da Faransa - da aka ba su bashi domin sayan na zama dole aka gyara. Aikin da aka ci gaba da JSC "YUZHNIIGIPROGAZ" (Donetsk). Bututu domin hanyõyi aka saya a Khartsyzsk bututu Shuka, truboprokladchiki da kuma kayan aiki - duniya ta manyan masana'antun daga Turai da kuma Amurka. A yi a shekarar 1983.

Wannan bututun ta hanyar Ukraine yana da tsawon kilomita 1160. Ya zo a cikin kasa shi ne ta hanyar gauging tashar "Suggia". Wannan hanya na da bututun gudanar ta hanyar Ukraine 9 kwampreso tashoshin a garuruwan Romney, Hrebinka, Sofiyivka, Stavishche, Ilintsy, Bar, Gusyatin, Bohorodchany, Volovec. A Turai, gas tsere ta hanyar da aunawa "Uzhgorod" tashar.

Ikon line for shari makãmashinta 28 biliyan cubic mita a kowace shekara. Wannan shi ne mafi iko bututun iskar gas ta hanyar Ukraine to date.

Bututun "Ci gaba"

A yi na gas watsa bututun da aka kammala a shekarar 1988. A hanya na bututun iskar gas ta hanyar Ukraine ta yi daidai da kwarara "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod". Its iya aiki ne 26 biliyan. Cubic mita a kowace shekara. Yana fara a cikin ƙasa na Rasha daga Yamburg filin. Tsawon - 1160 km a kan ƙasa na Ukraine. A layin 9, kwampreso tashoshin, samar da harkokin sufuri na gas zuwa Turai.

"Druzhba" bututun

Game da shi, kadan da aka sani. Ya fara da bututun daga Punga, kusa da kan iyaka da Ukraine ke ta Kursk da Ostrogozhsk. Rasha gas bar ta hanyar layi ta hanyar da gas rarraba tashar "Valuiki", ci gaba zuwa Kiev da aka kara zuwa kashi da dama daga qarqashinsu. Daya daga cikin su ke zuwa Yammacin Ukraine, na biyu - zuwa {asar Moldova iyaka. A nan gaba, mun an kammala bututun daga Ukhta zuwa Punga a kan Ukrainian ƙasa sufuri ya zama mafi kuma dauki ta hanyar da tashar "Pysarivka" da "Sokhranovka". Kuma bututun ba a ambace shi a kan website na kamfanin "Naftogaz", ko a kan shafin yanar na kamfanin "Gazprom". Ya yankunan gina da kuma sake masa suna.

Export kwarara "Northern Lights"

Babban hanya na bututun iskar gas da ke cikin birnin Bovanenkovo Ukhta Torzhok, Valley, Uzhgorod. Babbar Hanya wuce ta kan iyakar Ukraine da Belarus. Mai shigowa gas ma'auni tashar located a kan ƙasa na Belarus - GIS "Mozyr". Idan ka kula da commissioning na site "Torzhok - Dolina", shi zai zama shekaru 90, da kuma reshe "Bovanenkovo - Ukhta" - 2012.

A Ukraine, da ya kwarara daga "Northern Lights" ne kashi uku. Na farkon su - "Torzhok - Dolina". A karshen batu na wannan sashe da aka sake rabawa gas. Na biyu - "Valley - Uzhgorod". Its iya aiki ne biliyan 17 cubic mita a kowace shekara. A Uzhhorod gas sake sake rabawa da kuma shi ne ya faru a kan uku sashe - "Uzhgorod - Beregove". A cikin shekara da wannan babbar hanya wuce 13 biliyan cubic mita gas.

Sauran fitarwa bututun

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da bututun iskar gas ta hanyar da Ukraine - shi ne mai rarrabuwa cibiyar sadarwa na bututun a haɗa kaya, karshen masu amfani, kwampreso aunawa da kuma rarraba maki. Saboda haka, ya kamata ka kuma ambaci wasu bututun ta hanyar abin da na gas wucewa zuwa Turai. Wannan "Komarno-Drozdovich", "Hust - Satu Mare", "Ananiev - Tiraspol - Ismail" da "Shebelinka - Isma'ilu." Su duka iya aiki ne 34 biliyan cubic mita a kowace shekara.

Gina wani sabon bututun iskar gas "ta Kudu Stream"

Recent siyasa aukuwa sun nuna cewa gas fitarwa bututun ta hanyar Ukraine - ba quite m ginshikin man fetur wucewa zuwa kasashen Turai. Bugu da kari, m breakdowns da kuma hare-haren da gas bututun, musamman a cikin yana kokarin muhimmanci Lines "Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod", "Soyuz", "Ci gaba". Saboda haka tsara da kuma gina bututun jingine ta hanyar sauran jihohi.

Daya daga wadannan shine "ta Kudu Stream". A hanya na bututun iskar gas ta hanyar Ukraine ba zai tafi. Yana za a gudanar karkashin Black Sea kai tsaye daga Rasha. Yana da aka asali shirya ya dauki shi ta hanyar tattalin arziki da sashi na Turkey. Amma saboda da annexation na Crimea da Rasha daftarin bita. Ya za a cire ta hanyar Black Sea shiryayye Larabawa. Wannan bututun zai ba da damar Rasha ba ya dogara ne a kan Ukrainian shiga tsakani da kuma siyasa da tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a kasar da kuma samar da wani cikakken sufuri na gas zuwa kasashen Turai.

A halin da ake ciki a yau shi ne cewa Ukraine za su yi amfani da kawai nasu filin da kuma rasa samun kudin shiga daga ayyukan sufuri. Da zaran sabon aikin, Rasha za su iya rage zuwa m samar da gas ta hanyar kasashen makwabta, wanda zai sa tsari tattalin arziki mai yiwuwa. The Russian Federation ne a kasar wadda ba za a iya sa ultimatums.