Bututu (m kayan aiki): siffofin, photos

Musical iska kayan aiki ƙaho - wakilin na'urorin samar da sauti Alto-soprano Register. Daga cikin irin wannan kida da cewa yana da mafi sauti. Bututu amfani da tun lokacin, a lokacin da aka yi amfani a matsayin alama. A ƙungiyar makaɗa ta tafi game da 17th karni. Da zarar inji aka ƙirƙira bawuloli, da sarewa taka rawar da wani cikakken fledged ga kayan aiki da wasan kwaikwayon na gargajiya music. A timbre na haske, m. A kayan aiki za a iya amfani da a matsayin solo artist a cikin iska da kuma Symphony Orchestra, jazz da kuma irin wannan nau'o'i.

labarin

Wannan kayan aiki ne daya daga cikin mafi tsoho. A farko ambaci wadannan na'urori fito a cikin lokaci a kusa da 3600 shekaru BC. Mutane da yawa wayewar amfani da wani bututu - kuma Ancient Misira da kuma Ancient kasar Sin da Ancient Girka da kuma wasu al'adu amfani da misãlin bututu kamar yadda sigina kayan aikin. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni shi ne babban rawar da wannan sabuwar dabara.

A tsakiyar zamanai matsayin wani ɓangare na sojojin da aka bukata don busa suke iya aika da sauti zuwa wasu sassa na oda, located a wani babba nesa daga juna. A waɗannan kwanaki, da bututu (m kayan aiki), ko da yake ba da cikakken yi ta ayyuka, duk da haka wasan ya fitattu art a kan shi. Mun sanar da wannan fasaha ne kawai ta musamman zaba mutane. A shiru, ba soja sau busa kuwa suna m mahalarta bikin, jousting. A manyan birane akwai musamman hasumiya busa, sanar da sigina na isowa na manyan mutane, canza da lokaci na rana, da m na sojojin abokan gaba, ko game da sauran muhimman abubuwan da suka faru.

Jim kadan kafin a farko daga cikin Renaissance, sabuwar fasahar da Mun sanya shi yiwuwa a samar da wani karin cikakken m iska kayan aiki. A bututu zama da hannu a wani ƙungiyar makaɗa. Bugu da kari, masu busa ne yafi virtuoso, koyi ma'adanin na Clarin. Wannan kalma tana nufin watsa diatonic sauti ta amfani da pereduvaniya. Baroque zamanin za a iya sauƙi dauke da "zinariya shekaru na halitta shambura". Tun lokacin da za shekaru classic da kuma romantic, sa a kafuwar duka launin waƙa, halitta ƙaho janye a cikin bango a matsayin rashin wasa melodic Lines. Kuma kawai domin gudanar da babban matakai na sikelin amfani a cikin orchestras na bututu.

zamani bututu

Musical kayan samu a tsakiyar karni na 19th, ginshikai na bawul din, a farko ba su da wani da suka cancanta daraja. Dalilin shi ne, mafi yawan sauti ya ba tukuna bayyana irin murya da ba su da wannan sautin. Ƙara, canja wuri da babba fara jin muryoyin caji ƙaho kamar yadda ya murya da yawa softer, da kuma fasaha halaye na cikakke. Amma a farkon karni, a lokacin da tube aka inganta zane, ƙaho dole ya bar band. A karshe cikin tube ya iya nuna duk da sauti da cewa ana buƙatar a wani ƙungiyar makaɗa iska kida. A halin yanzu, jam'iyyar a baya halitta ƙaho, ya yi aikin bututu. Musical kayan aiki, photo na wanda aka haɗe da labarin, shi ne gaba daya iya wasa a sikelin, godiya ga mafi m inji.

Yau da kayan da ake amfani a orchestras a yi kida a nau'o'i Ska, jazz, Funk, kazalika da solo artist.

A tsarin da bututu

Copper da kuma tagulla - da kayan daga wanda mafi sau da yawa kerarre bututu. Musical kayan aiki na azurfa ko wasu karafa za a iya samu da yawa kasa akai-akai. Ko a zamanin da shi da aka kirkiro Hanyar masana'antu daga rai guda takardar na karfe.

Ban sha'awa fom yana da wannan m kayan aiki. Tube kamar yadda shi ne ake kira saboda da siffar, wanda masu lankwasa zahiri halitta kawai ga Compactness - dai kawai dogon tube. A Kakaki, yana da wani kadan taper a kararrawa - bazuwa. Babban tsawon na tube na cylindrical siffar. Yana da wannan tsari na taimaka wa mai haske na sauti. A lokacin da masana'antu tsari musamman da muhimmanci a daidai lissafi ba kawai tsawon amma kuma da daidai tsawo soket - wannan yana sa da ginawa kayan aiki. Duk da haka, jigon ya kasance iri guda: da m kayan aiki - dogon tube kawai.

wasan

Ka'idar da game - da samun da masu jituwa guitar ta canza matsayin da lebe da kuma iska shafi tsawon, wanda aka samu ta hanyar bawul inji. Aiwatar Ƙofofi uku, sa shi yiwuwa a Sautin ko rabin semitone runtse ƙarar. Danna maɓalli da dama bawuloli lokaci guda sa ƙananan kayan aiki aiki zuwa uku sautunan. Shi ne a cikin wannan hanya cimma wani chromatic sikelin.

Akwai iri ga wanda akwai a karo na hudu bawul, kunna ƙananan sarrafawa biyar semitones.

wasan kayan aiki

Tare da high tech motsi tube daidai cika diatonic wurare, arpeggios da kaya. Numfashi ne cinye ƙwauro, don haka shi ne mai yiwuwa a aiwatar da magana dogon zango da kuma haske sautin.

Bawul trills fitar daidai a kan zamani kida.

jinsunan

A mafi m irin - ƙaho a tsarin B-lebur, wanda sauti mai sautin ƙananan fiye da nuna bayanin kula, rubuta mata. A halin yanzu bayanin kula da aka rubuta da kananan octave to E uku octave, amma duk da haka ne a zahiri cirewa daga kayan aiki da kuma mafi girma sautuna. Modern bututu zane sa shi ya yi dukan zama dole sautin, da wuya za a fi so American bututu a cikin ginawa up to.

Haka kuma, a yau akwai iri uku bututu, mai Popular kafin.

Alto ƙaho - wani m kayan aiki, tsara don sauti kusan Mudun kasa rubuta rubutu. Wannan kayan aiki wajibi ne ga riwayar nizkoregistrovyh sauti (misali - Rachmaninov ta Uku Symphony). Duk da haka, yanzu bututu yana da wuya amfani, mafi sau da yawa shi ne ya maye gurbin flugelhorn.

Bass ƙaho - wani m kayan aiki, wani photo na wanda yake da sauki a samu a wani music makaranta, sauti a kasa da saba bututu da octave. A wannan yanayin, a manyan Nona kasa samarwa rubutu. Yana da aka yi amfani da har na biyu da rabi na karni na 20th. Yanzu shi nasarar maye gurbin trombone - kamar a tsari, yin rijista da kuma timbre.

Piccolo ƙaho. Gina a cikin marigayi 19th karni, amma yanzu fuskantar wani sabon karuwa a shahararsa godiya ga sha'awa a farkon music. Aiwatar a cikin style B-lebur, yayin for dieznyh sautunan za a iya kerata da kuma sa a cikin aiki da tsakiyar. Yana yana hudu bawuloli maimakon uku, kamar yadda wani babban bututu. A m kayan aiki da ake amfani da Kakaki, karami, amma shi rinjayar da motsi na fasaha da kuma timbre.

repertory

Ko da yake zamani bututu da cewa zai iya kashe ba tare da iyakancewa melodic Lines, ya kwanan nan da aka rubuta da yawa solo ayyuka, wanda aka halitta da wadannan kayan aikin. Yau da suka yi a kan kananan (piccolo) bututu. Domin ƙaho rubuta da yawa shahara composers: Haydn, Weinberg, Blacher, Shchedrin, Bach, Molter, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Mahler, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, da kuma waɗansu da yawa, ba kalla babban composers.