Biography Starodum. Comedy Denisa Ivanovicha Fonvizina "Oaf"

Wannan sanannen play Fonvizin aka rubuta da shi a watan Julin 1782. Comedy heroes sun mutane na daban-daban na zamantakewa strata na XVIII karni manya serfs, jami'an gwamnati da kuma kai-styled fashion malami. Kafin muke bayyanãwa mafi cikakken taken "Biography Starodum" zauna kadan a kan mazaunan gidan Prost, saboda da su shi duka fara.

Prost

Saboda haka, babban haruffa: ignoramus - goma sha shida Mitrofanushka - da mahaifiyarsa, Ms. Prost, wanda shi ne babban mummunan hali na wannan aikin. Shi ne m da kuma capricious, kuma yana so ya auri m dan Mitrofan, wanda shi ne cikakken sha'aninsu dabam to kome. Allah bã Ya son uwarsa, amma kawai bayyanar da cewa saboda ta karfi da kuma iko hali.

Prost, koyan cewa `yar Sophia miji (a sosai mai kyau da kuma ilimi mutum) ya zama magajin zuwa sararin arziki, wanda ta bequeaths ta m kawun Starodum yanke shawarar a duk abin da ya aure ta don ya m Mitrofanushka. Duk da haka Starodum zumunta ya dade binne shi, da kuma yanzu daga wannan sosai lokacin da sunansa ya zo da fore. A gidan Prost duk fara je hauka saboda gādon Sofia, bayan 10,000 - da adadin a lokacin da aka ba sunã wãsã. Wanda ya Starodum da kuma inda ya fito?

biography Starodum

The tana mai girgiza play Fonvizin Starodum gabatar da daya daga cikin mafi daraja da mafi kyau haruffa. Ya zama mabiyansa. Lalle ne, a cikin aikin "The Ƙananan" shafa mai yawa na siyasa, zamantakewa, ilimi da kuma halin kirki al'amurran da suka shafi.

Marubuci musamman bar tambaya bude ko Starodum mallaki gidaje, amma an san cewa shi ba a kama a fādar sarki, sa'an nan kuma ya tafi zuwa Siberia. A nasa kalmomi na gwarzo, akwai samun kudi, ba tare da canza su a lamiri, ba meanly Buck, kuma ba ZAMBA kasar, sunã tsirfatãwa su fita daga ƙasar da ya sani ba munafurci da zai popravosudnee mutane, kuma domin da kokarin biya wani gaskiya gaskiya kuma na karimci.

"Cinikai nobility"

Fonvizin a kasuwanci Starodum nuna ainihin aiwatar da tattalin arziki rai na Rasha nobility, janyo hankalin ta hankali bayan da Faransa marubuci fassara a rubutun da ake kira "ciniki nobility protivupolozhennoe soja nobility."

Starodum biography ya ce ya aka wadãtar a cikin aikin hakar zinari, da manufar da aka tabbatar a nan gaba dadi da kawai da ƙaunataccen 'yar - Sofyushki. Zamantakewa Starodum hikima da kuma muhimmanci, ya gaya mata cewa ya yi irin wannan yanayin da zai iya ba da damar ta yi aure, har ma ga matalauci, amma babban abinda - wani mutumin kirki. Ya ba connect alheri 'yar to ikon mallakar serfs lyudom.

Kuma shi ne wani daidaituwa: Fonvizin rubuta cikin play a matsayin sau daya a wani lõkaci, a lokacin da Rasha kokarin koyi daga baƙauye yaki na 1773-1775. kuma yayi tunani ta haddasawa, wanda kusan ya jagoranci mulkin gargajiya-aristocratic jihar zuwa ga halaka da kuma hasãra. Duk da haka, suppressing da mutane ta zãlunci;, Jihar Catherine II manya kara karfafa da kuma mika da gata na jam'iyyar aji. Poor mutane a gaban doka, duba ko da mafi m, kuma m. A cikin play "The Ƙananan" wadannan al'amurran siyasa sun zama sosai m da kuma Topical.

Free-tunani, juyin juya halin Musulunci da kuma kawo canji

Biography Starodum, wanda shi kansa kuma ya gaya masa interlocutors, musamman Pravdina da Milo, ya hada bayani game da cewa, abin da ya kasance shekaru 60 da haihuwa. Sunansa da shawara cewa, ya bi ka'idojin da tsohon zamanin - zamanin Peter I. Starodum tuno da kalmomin mahaifinsa, wanda ya nace ya kasance ko da yaushe game da abin da kuke bukata a zuciya da ruhi, sa'an nan ka so wani mutum a kowane lokaci.

A wannan satirical play Starodum bayyana ne kawai a karshen na farko yi. Tare da Pravdin Milon da shi gusar Sophia Prostakova daga zagi da kuma samar da wani kimanta na rearing jãhilai wawa Mitrophan.

Halaye Starodum ya ce a cikin zuciyarsa ya ne mai girma kawo canji da sauyi. Ya aka ciyar da sama da jihar zãlunci, inda da gaskiya, kuma gaskiya sabis ya dade da aka devalued, duk abin da aka yanke shawarar da sadarwa prisposoblennichestvo da servility. Ilimi Starodum ba a yarda ya zare jiki dubi yadda wasu daga abokansa wayo da impudence nẽme shi. Shi ya sa ya bar sabis, domin zai iya ba ka dũba mafi kamar hawa da kamfanoni tsãni ne ba iri daya ba mutane ba, amma da smartest kuma mafi cancanta ya zauna a waje a ƙofar.

Jagora Starodum

Mun gode wa gaskiya zuciya, da ilimi da kuma halin kirki da ilimi, shi shelar ka'idojin gwamnatin, inda dukkan dokokin ikon ne m da kuma adalci.

Wani mai ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da Jagora Starodum m, dõmin ya ce sosai hakkin abu, misali, cewa mafi haskaka ba tare da wani rai zama wayo m dabba. Ya taba tayoyin na maimaita cewa ilimi na gentry - al'amarin da ke jihar. Kuma a nan ya kamata a hada da ilimi na zuciya da tunani. A daidai wannan lokaci shi yana sanya ilimi na zuciya da fari.

Starodum halayyar nuna cewa shi ne mai saukin ganewa, sauki shiryayye, kuma m. All rududdugaggu iyali Prost, ya gani ta cikin ido kuma ya ce duk abin da ya ke tunani game da su.

A farko

A cikin play "The Ƙananan" Fonvizin ya ba da sirri view of "gaskiya mutane" da kuma lura da abin da suka kasance a cikin rai sojan gona. Kuma haka siffar Starodum nan ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Staging "Nedorosl" saboda wasu dalilai, shi da aka jinkirta don wani lokaci. Nan da fadi "mugunta" albarku, da waɗanda mutane da suke samu kansu a cikin play a cikin hanyar nuna rashin bambanci, zai hana ta fita. Kuma, a fili, Fonvizin kansa ya ƙarasa da iko patrons cire duk cikas.

A watan Julin 1782, Satumba 24, da farko daga cikin play ne har yanzu gudanar a kan mataki na St. Petersburg da Free Rasha wasan kwaikwayo. Directed by marubucin na aiki. Kuma, Abin mamaki isa, play bai canza guda syllable, sabili da haka, ya mai laifin nasara.

Daya daga cikin wadanda suka ga Firayim Ministan ya ce cewa wasu comic scenes kira wucewa dariya, amma tsanani al'amuran da tsananin kishirwa da kuma saurari da hankalinsa ga duk wadanda mutane masu sauraro, wanda ya ƙaunace yayin da alamu da comments a kan wadanda mutane wani rauni da dabbanci na wasu al'adu na lokaci. A play, godiya ga liveliness na tattaunawa, dara, Jagora, ban sha'awa quotes da kuma ilimi yanayi, ya taimake wasu ganin wani Prost, wanda aka sa'an nan fitar daga gidajensu lzhepedagogov irin Vralmana da Tsyfirkin.

ƙarshe

A play "The Ƙananan" shi ne kawai da-kafa a duk na Rasha wasan kwaikwayo na XVIII karni. A cikin shekaru classicism ta yi Allah wadai da gargajiya aristocratic tarbiyyar, "mummunan kisa" da "zlonravie" lardin nobility. Duk da haruffan fili kasu kashi tabbatacce kuma korau, kamar yadda hinted a sunayensu: Staro, PRAVDIN, Prost, Skotinin da dai sauransu ...