Biography of Edgar Allan Poe, wani soja, kerawa

Poe ta biography ne cike da gibba. Wannan tushe ne daga sakaci da yawa daga cikin Sahaban, da kuma wuri na marubuci. A gaskiya ma, cikin labarin na mawãƙi unbiased fara mai da kawai a cikin XX karni, amma a lokacin da bayanai game da rayuwarsa da ya rage wani abu kaɗan. Yau, Edgar Allan Poe ne daya daga cikin mafi enigmatic Figures. Game da yanayi na mutuwar shi ya kasance mai yawa hasashe a 1849, amma da real hanyar da mawãƙi ta mutuwa, mafi m, zai kasance har abada ta kasa warwaruwa. Duk da haka, wannan al'amari bai hana miliyoyin mutane a yau a ji dadin litattafan da shayari daga cikin manyan marubuci.

A asarar iyaye, adoptive iyali

Poe ta labarin zai fara Janairu 19, 1809, da makamantansu a Boston (USA). A nan gaba marubuci ya bayyana a cikin iyali na troubadours. Tare da iyaye Edgar yana da damar rayuwa dogon: uwarsa mutu da tarin fuka lokacin da yake kawai shekara biyu da haihuwa, mahaifinsa ko dai bace, ko ya mutu kafin wannan. Sai yaron, ta kuma manyan, kadai lokacin da a cikin rayuwarsa ya kasance m - ya aka dauka zuwa ilimin matarsa Alla. Francis, mãma, fadi cikin soyayya tare da jariri da kuma rinjayi mijinta, wani m m Yahaya, ya dauko shi. Ya kasance ba farin ciki game da bayyanar Edgar, amma rasa matarsa, wanda ba zai iya ba da haihuwa zuwa ɗanta.

Edgar Allan Poe ta yarantaka ya ciyar a Virginia. Ya ba ya bukatar wani abu: ya aka ado a cikin latest fashion, a mahallinsa sun kare, wani doki ko ma wani bawan. Horar gaba marubuci ya fara a London B & B, inda ya aka bai 6 shekaru. A Amurka, yaron ya komo tare da iyalinsa a lokacin da ya buga goma sha. Akwai ya sa suna a koleji a Richmond, sa'an nan, a 1826 - a Jami'ar Virginia, wanda ya bude a wannan shekarar.

Karshen luck

Edgar sauri assimilate ilimi na daban-daban na zahiri da kuma halin iya jurewa m, juyayi da hali, ba shi da wani matsala daga baya. Kamar yadda Malaman tarihi lura karshe fasalin da qaddara ya yi jayayya da mahaifinsa. A daidai haddasawa ne ba a sani ba: ko matasa marubuci ƙirƙira sa hannu na ya uban rana a kan takardar kudi, ko ya yi fushi saboda caca basusuka soma ɗa. Ko ta wani hanya, da kuma a cikin shekaru 17 a kan sauran penniless kuma bar jami'a, bayan karatu don kawai wani farin shiga.

The saurayi koma zuwa Boston, inda ya tsunduma a wakoki. Edgar Allan Poe waqe, rubuta a lokacin, ya yanke shawarar buga a karkashin pseudonym "bostonets". Duk da haka, ya shirya kasa: littafin ba a buga ta, da kuma qarancin kudi gudu daga.

Short soja aiki

A wannan halin da ake ciki, Poe dauki wani m yanke shawara. Ya soja kurum marar karkashin wani zaci sunan. A cikin sojojin zauna game da wani shekara. Ya aka ciyar da su Saje manyan, aka jera a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau, amma ba zai iya tsayayya da irin wannan regimented rayuwa. Mai yiwuwa, a farkon 1828 matasa mawãƙi nemi taimakon ta uban rana. Bayan da lallashewa matarsa taimake Edgar free daga sabis. Uwar rana ga gode da marubuci basu da lokaci: ta mutu a kan Hauwa'u na ya dawo in Richmond. Saboda haka mawãƙi rasa na biyu da gaske masoyi a gare shi a mace.

Baltimore, West Point da kuma dogon-jiran bazawa

Abin farin ciki rabuwar tare da sojoji, Edgar suka tafi a kan ga wasu lokaci a Baltimore. Akwai ya gana da dangi da mahaifinsa, da ya inna Maria Clemm, kawunsa George Poe, dansa Nelson. Kasancewa a cikin wani kudi daura, marubucin ya rayu tare da inna, kuma daga baya ya koma Richmond.

A lokacin wata ziyara a Baltimore, Edgar ya zama matsahi na saba da William Gwin, edita na gida jarida, kuma ta hanyar da shi tare da Yahaya. Neal, wani marubuci daga New York. Kamar yadda suka ba su waqe. Bayan samun m sake dubawa, Edgar yanke shawarar sake kokarin buga su. Tattara karkashin lakabi "Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane da kananan waka" da aka saki a 1829, amma ba yadu da aka sani.

Uban rana nace a kan ci gaba da ilimi soma ɗa, a 1830, wani saurayi ya shiga makarantar aikin soja a West Point. Duk da tsananin kullum yau da kullum, Poe sami lokaci ya zama m da kuma Miscellaneous takwarorinsu poetic satirical da almara na rayuwa a cikin makarantar. Ya yi bauta shekara biyar, duk da haka, kamar yadda na karshe lokaci, a farkon sosai da horo gane cewa wani soja da aka ba a gare shi. Edgar yi kokari ta juya sake zuwa uban rana, amma wani jayayya m ya tsare-tsaren. Duk da haka, da mawãƙi ba rasa: fasa yin bi da doka, ya sanya wani togiya daga makarantar kimiyya a 1831.

Ƙoƙarin samun fitarwa

Biography of Edgar Allan Poe ne wanda bai isa a kan cikakken bayani game da rayuwarsa a lokacin daga 1831 zuwa 1833. An sani cewa ya rayu a lokacin da a Baltimore, Maria Clemm. Akwai ya fadi cikin soyayya tare da ita 'yar kuma ta dan uwan Virginia. A yarinya da aka sa'an nan kawai 9 shekara. Tun da kaka na 1831 game da mawãƙi ta rayuwa kusan kome da aka sani. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da biography ya iya tafi a kan tafiya ta Turai. A cikin ni'imar da wannan hujja ne a kaikaice tabbatar da yawa cikakken kwatancin na Old World, samu a shafukan da marubuci. Duk da haka, wasu shaida wannan ka'idar ba. Mutane da yawa Malaman tarihi sun bayyana cewa, Poe aka sosai iyakance a kafofin watsa labarai, da kuma wuya da karfin tafiya kudi.

Duk da haka, masu bincike sun yarda da cewa shekaru uku da suka biyo fitar daga West Point, sun m. Edgar Allan Poe, wanda littattafai ba su kasance m, ya ci gaba da aiki. A 1833 ya gabatar a gasar na mako-mako Baltimore Asabar baƙo shida gajejjeran labaru, da kuma kasidu. Dukansu aka dauke mafi kyau. Domin da labarin "rubutum samu a wani kwalban" Kamar yadda aka sãka musu da wani tsabar kudi kyauta daga $ 100 a size.

Bayan kudi, Edgar samu wasu daraja, da kuma tare da shi da wani gayyatar zuwa aiki a mujallu. Ya fara aiki tare da Asabar baƙo, sa'an nan tare da Kudancin Literary ManzonSa, da aka buga a Richmond. A karshen marubuci ya buga a 1835 labari "Morella" da "Berenice" da kuma kadan daga baya - "The Kasadar Hans Pfallya".

m Virginia

A wannan shekara, Edgar Allan Poe, waɗanda ayyukansu sun ji dadin mafi shahararsa fiye da da, an samu gayyatar zama editan na Kudancin Literary ManzonSa. Domin rantsar, tare da albashi na $ 10 a wata shi ya zama dole su matsa zuwa Richmond. A cewar amince amma kafin ya bar nufin aure da ƙaunataccen Virginia, wanda ya sa'an kasa da shekaru 13. Yarinya na m kyau ya dade fascinated da marubuci. A heroines na da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da za a iya gane ta image. Virginia ta uwa ta amince, da kuma a ɓõye aure matasa, bayan da ya tafi Richmond, kuma da auna ga wani shekara ya rayu a Baltimore. A 1836, aikin hukuma bikin.

Kasa da shekara guda bayan Edgar Allan Poe jayayya da m Kudancin Literary Manzon murabus a matsayin edita da kuma tare da Maria Clemm da kuma Virginia koma New York.

New York da kuma Philadelphia

Shekaru biyu, ina zaune a New York, sun gauraye ga wani marubuci. Edgar Allan Poe, wanda waqe da kuma litattafan da aka wallafa a shafukan da dama mujallu na gari, da samun aiki ne kadan. Ya buga ayyukansa, kamar "Ligeia" da "Arthur Gordon Pym," amma sanã'anta mafi a shiryarwa ga Chronology, wanda wani taqaitaccen version of a Scottish farfesa aiki.

A 1838 da iyali koma Philadelphia. Edgar samu aiki Gentleman ta Magazine edita, inda ya buga wasu daga cikin ayyukansa. Wannan hada da "Fall na House Escher" da kuma farkon wanda ba a kare "Notes Yuliya Rodmana."

Mafarki da gaskiya

Aiki a daban-daban wallafe, Edgar Allan Poe neman wani abu more. Ya mafarkin nasa mujallar. Fi kusa da embodiment na ideas ya zo Philadelphia. sanarwa na sabuwar mujallar kira Penn Magazine aka buga. Don gane da mafarki rasa wani bit na - na kudi, amma ya juya daga zama wani babban cikas.

A 1841, da Gentleman ta Magazine ya hada kai da ɗan akwati - wani sabon mujallar Graham ta Magazine, wanda edita ya da Edgar Allan Poe. Stories, waqoqi da kuma litattafan, rubuta kafin ya kwanan kawo tare a biyu kundin da aka buga da tattara ayyukan da "grotesque da Arabesque" a karshen 1840. Wannan wani gajeren lokaci a lokacin da ya zama kamar ma cewa duk abin da yake faruwa da kyau. Duk da haka, a watan Maris 1842, Edgar ya sake daga aiki. Magazine rushe, kuma Gentleman ta Magazine Editorial aka gayyace Rufus Wilmot Griswold. A karshen, a cewar daya version, shi ne dalilin da ga barin Kamar yadda ya sa shi mai laushi, bai son Griswold.

Wannan ya biyo ta aiki a Asabar Museum da kuma littafin da dama tatsuniyoyi da labaru ga mere pennies. Fãce, watakila, shi ne kawai "zinariya kwaro". Edgar aiko shi a kan wani wallafe-wallafen hamayya. "Golden irin ƙwaro" nasara da kuma kawo marubucin $ 100. Bayan da labarin da aka bugawa sau da dama, cewa gaskiya ne, ba samar da kudaden shiga ga marubuci, saboda da hakkin mallaka dokar da aka sa'an nan wani al'amari domin nan gaba.

sabon bala'i

Poe ta biography ne cike da bakin ciki events. Kamar yadda masu bincike lura da ransa, a cikin hanyar da yawa daga cikinsu shi ne ya m hali, hali to ciki da kuma barasa. Duk da haka, daya daga cikin manyan bala'in - mutuwar Virginia - akwai wani laifi ba nasa bane. mawãƙi matar shi da lafiya tare da tarin fuka. A farko alamar tsanani rashin lafiya, zub da jini makogwaro, ya bayyana a 1842. A haƙuri shi ne a ranar gab da mutuwa, amma wasu lokaci daga baya dawo dasu. Duk da haka, amfani, wanda ya kashe wani uwar Edgar, bai daina. Virginia aka mutuwa sannu a hankali domin shekaru da dama.

Ga m juyayi tsarin, wannan marubuci ya da wani nauyi duka. Ya kusan tsaya rubutu. Family sake mugun bukatar kudi. A 1844 da suka kõma zuwa New York. A nan, sabon ayyukan da aka buga da aka rubuta da Edgar Allan Poe. "The Raven", cikin shahararrun waka na mawãƙi, da aka buga a cikin Maraice Mirror mujallar.

A culmination na kerawa

Yau, Edgar Allan Poe ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau American marubuta. Ya aza farkon Genre na "almarar kimiyya", marubucin littafin ne na farko misalai na wani sufi jami'in tsaro. Kamar yadda babban samfuri, ya kawo shi daraja da kuma fitarwa, amma ba dũkiya, shi ne "The Raven." The waka daidai ake bayyana marubuci ta hali ga rayuwa. Man saki kawai a takaice dai lokacin, cike da wahala da kuma aiki tukuru, da dukan fatan a banza. Lyrical gwarzo yana murna ga rasa lover da tambaya mai magana tsuntsu, ko zai taba ganin ta sake. Wannan ne Edgar Allan Poe, "The Raven" rarrabe ciki da tashin hankali da kuma bala'i da cewa kama da karatu gaba daya, duk da kusan cikakkiyar rashin mãkirci.

Domin wallafa marubuci ya $ 10. Duk da haka, "The Raven" kawo shi fiye da kudi. A mawãƙi ya zama shahararren, ya aka gayyace mu lakca a garuruwa daban-daban da cewa da dama ƙarfafa kudi matsayi. Domin da shekara zuwa yanzu tsawon "fari" band wallafa wani tarin A "The Raven da kuma Sauran Poems," da aka buga a 'yan sabon litattafan, kuma aka kira su zuwa ga gyara Brodway Journal. Duk da haka, akwai irrepressible hali ba zai yale shi ya ci nasara na dogon lokaci. A 1845 ya fadi fita da sauran wallafa, shi ne kawai edita, amma saboda rashin kudi aka zarar tilasta su bar ofishin.

'yan shekarun nan

A gidan zo da baya da talauci, da kuma tare da shi da sanyi da yunwa. Virginia mutu a farkon 1847. Mutane da yawa Malaman tarihi sun bayyana cewa, shan mawãƙi ya kan gab da hauka. Domin a yayin da, ya ba zai iya aiki saboda baƙin ciki, kuma barasa da kawai ya tsira godiya ga kula da 'yan gaskiya abokai. Amma wani lokacin na tara ƙarfi kuma rubuce-rubuce. A lokacin halarta halittar irin ayyukan matsayin "Yulalyum", "karrarawa", "Annabel Lee" da "Eureka." Ya fadi cikin soyayya da kuma sake sake jim kadan kafin mutuwar da aka je aure. A Richmond, inda marubuci lectured a kan "Poetic {a'ida", da ya wallafa karatu, Poe hadu yara aboki, Sarah Elmira Royster. Ya lashi takobin amarya cewa da wuya sha da kuma ciki shi ne a kan. Kafin bikin aure ne kawai zai iya shirya wasu al'amura a Philadelphia da kuma New York.

Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe

3 ga watan Oktoba, 1849 Edgar Allan Poe da aka samu a Jihar rabin hauka a benci a Baltimore. Ya aka dauka zuwa asibiti inda ya mutu ba tare da ya farka,, a kan 7 Oktoba. A cikin Sanadin mutuwar ne har yanzu babu yarjejeniya. Mutane da yawa masu bincike suna karkata zuwa tambayi abin da ake kira kupinge. Mun samu a zaben rana. Sa'an nan a Baltimore rampaged kungiyoyin kori 'yan ƙasa a cikin m mafaka. Mutane pumped barasa ko kwayoyi, sa'an nan ya tilasta sau da yawa zuwa ga zabe da " 'yancin" dan takarar. Akwai shaida da cewa Poe a lokacin da aka gano ta bugu, da kuma ba da nisa daga rashin lafiya-fated benci ya daya daga cikin wadannan mafaka. A daya hannun, marubucin a lokacin ya shahara a Baltimore, kuma abu ne mai wuya ya za a zabi kamar yadda aka azabtar.

Daga cikin yiwu dalilai a yau ake kira da dama cututtuka, daga qarancin ruwa da kuma kwakwalwa marurai ga barasa da kuma laudanum yawan abin sama. Dalilin wannan rikice - da rashin likita records da kuma na farko biography na Edgar Allan Poe, rubuta Griswold, maƙiyi na marubuci. Ya sa mawãƙi bugu da hauka, ba daraja da dogara da hankali. Irin wannan ra'ayi to sai ga cike har ƙarshen XIX karni.

m al'adunmu

Daya version yana da shi cewa mutuwar da aka shirya da marubuci kamar yadda na karshe ban mamaki karimcin da jama'a, m ga asiri da kuma tsoro. Mawãƙi sane da abin da yake so mai karatu. Ya gane cewa Romanticism ƙwarai baya zuwa shahararsa ta Sufi, tickling jijiyoyi da kuma ci gaba a kan su yatsun kafa. Edgar Allan Poe, wanda labarai su na cike da dama aukuwar, da basira a hade da tunanin da kuma dabaru. Ya zama majagaba na Genre sufi jami'in tsaro. Babba sarari a cikin ayyukan marubuci daukan almarar kimiyya. Littatafan Edgar Allan Poe bambanta da mai hade da tunanin da kuma dabaru. Ya aza ban tausayi hadisin a wallafe-wallafen Amirka, tsara ka'idojin almarar kimiyya, ya ba da duniya mai sufi jami'in tsaro.

Yau, Edgar Allan Poe, wanda littattafai ne wahayi zuwa ga mutane da yawa, aka dauke da wakilin intuitionism - falsafa shugabanci cewa gane da primacy na diraya a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa. Duk da haka, da marubuci san da cewa aiki - shi ne ma aiki. Ya halitta shi ado yayi kuma da dama ayyuka a ka'idar shayari: "The Falsafa of Art", "Nataniela Gotorna short labarin", "Poetic {a'ida". The "Eureka," da marubuci ya bayyana falsafar da epistemological ideas. Edgar Allan Poe ta taimako ga ci gaban wallafe-wallafe, ciki har da mutane da yawa fi so nau'o'i na zamani masu karatu, shi ne invaluable. A binciken da ya biography sa ka yi mãmãki game da makomar da makoma. Wa ya sani, zai haifar da Poe kamar yadda idan rai ya fi m zuwa gare shi?