Bee: ban sha'awa facts game da ƙudan zuma. Wild da kuma m ƙudan zuma

Abin baƙin ciki, a duniya a yau ne sau da yawa yanayi ana irin wannan cewa mun daina kula da yanayi kewaye da mu. Isa wani wuri, (sunã cẽwa, a Afirka ko Australia), mun yi mãmãki a bambancin da gida Flora da fauna, amma a ƙasarsu ba su lura ba da shuke-shuke, babu tsuntsaye, babu dabbobi. Kuma domin kyawawan dalilai. Dauki, misali, abu ne mai ban kwaro harba kamar kudan zuma. Ban sha'awa facts game da shi ba zai iya taimaka amma jawo hankalin hankalin har ma da mafi incurious.

Wannan labarin da nufin goyon karatu, gaya masa a bayyana harshe a kan sanannun kawai a kunkuntar da'ira na nuances, misali, da yawa sosai m don gano inda da live ƙudan zuma a cikin hunturu, kazalika da abin da suka ci a cikin dumi da kuma sanyi lokaci na shekara, kamar yadda irin da yin gidajensu.

Sashen 1. The halayyar fasali na kwari

Bees, ban sha'awa abubuwa game da kwanan nan a zahiri flooded da kafofin watsa labarai, da membranous fuka-fuki, short da elongated ciki.

namiji jiki wani lokacin densely pubescent, kuma suna da mike antennae, amma mace suna crankshafts, kunsha na 12-13 segments. Eyes danda, wani lokacin rufe cilia, mouthparts ake wadda take cin irin.

All ƙudan zuma da proboscis kuma Extended farko kashi na Hind kafafu - da key abubuwa don tattara pollen da Nectar daga furanni. A karshen, ba zato ba tsammani, ƙudan zuma tsotsa proboscis a zobik da bawul, wanda tubalan samun damar zuwa Nectar a ciki fili. A ciki ne sau da yawa an rufe shi da dankon. A cikin Hind kafafu ne "kwandon" - musamman domin tattara pollen. Af, ba kowa da kowa ya san yadda nisa cewa, fãce mãtã suna da wani harba.

Sashe Na 2. A matsayi na ƙudan zuma

Wadannan kwari suna isasshe sosai shirya kwari: suna neman abinci, da ruwa, samar da gidaje, cell, kula da sarauniya kuma zuriya daga kokari da kuma a wannan kariya daga makiya. Shi ya sa da kiwo na ƙudan zuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba ya bukatar irin wannan babbar kokarin, kamar yadda ta iya ze farko duba.

A mafi m jama'a da ilimi da wannan irin su eusocial mazauna, wanda zauna tare honeybees, da ake kira bezzhalnye da bumblebees. Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa sun fili nuna da rabo daga aiki, wannan kungiya za a iya kiransa da wani Semi-jama'a.

A cikin akwati inda, baya daga sama, a taro hada da mahaifa da zuriyarsa, mãtan kungiyar da ake kira jama'a. A irin wannan tsarin-uwa kudan zuma, fiye kira a matsayin mahaifa, da kuma ta 'ya'ya mata kira ma'aikata.

Sashe Na 3. Ta yaya da yawa zaune a kudan zuma?

A lifespan na wadannan kwari dogara a kan sauran ƙarfi daga cikin iyali. A cikin rauni kungiyar aiki kudan zuma zai iya rayuwa a cikin springtime for game da 4 weeks, karfi - 5-7 makonni. Kuma shi duka ya dogara da total number of iyalansu, kazalika da mahaifa da kwai samarwa.

Duk da haka, ba kowa da kowa ya sani cewa ƙudan zuma ne iya tsara su rayuwar jama'a. Mafi m, suna da wasu m Wartsakewa jiki, idan ba zai yiwu to girma da wani sabon ƙarni na ƙudan zuma. Alal misali, idan iyali ba zato ba tsammani rasa ta mahaifa, sa'an nan su lifespan za a iya ƙara har zuwa kwanaki 200 ko fiye.

Har ila yau, lengthens da rayuwar da mafiya yawa daga cikin ma'aikacin ƙudan zuma a lokacin da iyali yanke shawarar yawaita ko shirya domin hunturu. Overwintered kwari rayuwa ga game 7 months, game da 1 ga watan aiki ga mai kyau na mallaka. Wannan shi ne hunturu tsuntsaye rayuwa 5-7 sau fiye da bazara. Saboda haka, a lokacin rani rai na ga ƙudan zuma ne a kan talakawan kadan fiye da wata daya, da kuma hunturu - game da kwanaki 200.

Sashi Na 4. Daga abin da aka samar da kuma yadda kudan zuma Nectar?

Bee kirawo ruwan droplet flower Nectar jefarwa da shuke-shuke (yin la'akari 40-50 MG), da kuma wadãtar da shi tare da ita yau, a cikin abin da yawa enzymes. Bugu da kari, shi ya faru zobike sucrose tsagawa aiwatar da abin da shi ya zama zuma da kuma kafura.

Bayan ya sake hive kudan zuma forager aika wani droplet na Nectar da kudan zuma-m, wanda ya ci gaba da biochemical aiki, sa'an nan in ji riga Nectar a wani cell, inda ya kuma hõre sinadaran magani - "maturation".

A wannan lokaci, wani m ruwa danshin, sedimentation da kuma tannins t. D. The abun ciki na ga ƙudan zuma a cikin aiki zamani na bukatar kulawa ta musamman da kuma kula.

Sashen 5. toiler

Yana da wuya su yi tunanin cewa don kawai daya cokali na zuma ga dukan rana 200 ƙudan zuma-aiki mata dole rayayye tattara Nectar. Amma dai ba duka. Aƙalla guda yawan mutane da ya kamata tafiyar da shan Nectar, ta ci gaba da aiki a cikin hive. Plus da rabo daga ƙudan zuma bar iska ta shiga gida don sauri danshin wuce haddi ruwa a kawo ta cikin samfurin.

Domin a rufe ga kudan zuma Kwayoyin 75, da wuya ma'aikacin dole ware daya gram da kakin zuma. Don ƙirƙirar 1 kg na zuma ƙudan zuma dole yi game da 4500 tasowa daga Nectar tattara miliyan 10 flowering shuke-shuke.

A ka'ida, mai ƙarfi iyali za su iya tattarawa 5-10 kg na zuma da rana, ko 10-20 kg na nectar. Wadannan kwari ne iya tashi daga hive zuwa 8 km a search na ganima.

Abin da na so da kudan zuma, to zaton wuya. Wadannan kwari ne iya tattara Nectar daga kaucewa daban-daban flowering shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wasu masu fi son fitarwa su apiary amya tattara zuma daga wani irin shuka, kamar itacen ƙirya, da fyade ko limes.

Sashen 6. The halayyar siffofin wadannan kwari zuma

Zai ze, da kyau, wanda zai iya zama quite sabon abu a cikin wannan rarraba kwari, kamar kudan zuma? Ban sha'awa facts, duk da haka, bayar da shawarar quite kishiyar. Duk da cewa a cikin warmer watanni, za mu iya ganin su quite sau da yawa, ba kowa da kowa ya san yadda nisa, abin aikata su rayu da kuma yadda za a tsara su aiki.

Hakika, masu sana'a ciki ƙudan zuma bukatar musamman da dabarun, amma talakawan mutum zai zama mai ban sha'awa su koyi cewa zuma shuke-shuke na iyali suna fayyace jama'a mallaka inda kowane mutum ya yi aikin da ya yi aiki ne m da ta nazarin halittu shekaru.

Saboda haka, matasa kwari (a karkashin 10 days), shi dai itace, ya zauna cikin mahaifa da kuma ciyar da larvae. Wani wuri zuwa 7 kwanaki na shekaru a kasa na da ciki na ƙudan zuma fara aiki otstroyschits musamman kakin gland, don haka suka canzawa zuwa wani daban-daban yi aiki a cikin gida.

By 14-15 kwanaki kudan zuma ban sha'awa facts na wanda ba zai iya amma janye son sani, rasa yawan aiki, yi kakin gland saukad da sharply, da kuma kwari fara tafiyar da sauran ayyuka da suka shafi kula da gida - tsaftacewa Kwayoyin da kuma kau da tarkace.

Lokacin da kudan zuma zai zama kwanaki 20, da suka samar da iska ramummuka da kariya. Mutane girmi 22 kwanaki suna tsunduma a cikin zuma yawan amfanin ƙasa. Kuma waɗanda suke, girmi kwanaki 30 ne ke da alhakin tattara ruwa ga iyali bukatun.

Ba zato ba tsammani, da adult ƙudan zuma ne a cikin hive in winter, da kuma a lokacin wannan lokaci na rayuwa kamar yadda freezes, amma kwari ba su mutu ba, kamar yadda shi ne wani kuskure ya yi ĩmãni.

Sashen 7. Yadda za a gane mai kisa?

Wannan kwaro, kamar kudan zuma, ban sha'awa facts wanda da farko duba, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ze sosai wuya, iya shirya kai wa mutum mutum hadari. Kuma shi yanzu ke ba game da matalauta 'yan'uwanmu da allergies, sauki cizo da wanda yake mai tsanani dauki na jiki, kuma ko da maƙura. Duk iya zama wanda aka azabtar da mu, duk da haka, shi yana bukatar ya je Kudancin Amirka.

Ba kowa ba ne ya sani cewa kisa ƙudan zuma ne hybrids na kudan zuma. Bã su da wani mafi girma da mutunci, za a iya kai farmaki mutane, tsuntsaye, dabbobi, da gaske uje.

Bisa kididdigar da, tun 1969 fiye da mutane 200 ne aka kashe a Brazil, kuma da dama, dubban mutane da tsanani shafi da cizon na kisa ƙudan zuma. Wadannan mutane har zuwa 30 sau sauri farmaki da stung 10 sau fiye da talakawa zuma.

A sosai yar alamar ƙararrawa da suka kai farmaki a taro duk wanda ya bayyana a cikin wani radius na 5 mita daga hive, kuma zai iya wajaba aka azabtar game 1.5 km. Kuma idan ka yi la'akari da cewa wani kudan zuma likes wani iri-iri Inuwa wurare, kamar Parks, gidãjen Aljanna ko gandun daji, shi dai itace cewa saduwa ta yawo, za ka iya sauƙi.

Kwanan nan, da waje manema ruwaito cewa cikin America, wadannan kwari sun kashe game da dubu mutane. M mutuwa yakan auku saboda anaphylactic buga.