KudiKudin

Banknote - a ... Kamar yadda rubutu da ake kira da mutane?

Tunanin zamani rayuwa ba tare da kudi a yau shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba. Ko da ya fi mabiyin abokan adawar na dũkiya da za a magance su. Za ka iya ki lantarki biya, ba su yi amfani da katunan bashi, amma rayuwa kõwa daga cikinmu, shi ne wata ila don kasa ba tare da takardar kudi.

A ra'ayi rubutu

Su ne da dama. A mafi sauki daga gare su, da kayyade yadda banknotes tsabar kudi, Ya sanya daga takarda tare da fenti. A cikin sharuddan gargajiya tattalin arziki ka'idar, lissafin - shi ne wani nau'i na bashi kudi. Suna bayar da babban bankin kasa, wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne daya daga cikin cibiyoyin da jihar iko.

Duk da haka, da tattalin arziki da abun ciki, da doka ba mai cikakkar dangantawa da takarda kudi. Wadannan biyu Concepts da yawan gagarumin bambance-bambance.

  1. Banknotes suna bayar kawai ta bankuna, yayin da takarda kudi za a iya bayar da baitul ko ma'aikatar kudi.
  2. Banknotes da zinariya, ko takardar kudi na musayar software. Takarda kudi, a mafi yawan lokuta ba ya samar.
  3. A banknote aka sallami don samar da yawa. Dalilin da batun takardar kudi ne ya rufe kasafin kudin gaira.

-daban na kudi

Banknote - shi ne wani nau'i na zama na kudi. Daya, amma ba daya kawai. A daban-daban sau da a yanayi daban-daban tambaya su daban-daban iri iri.

Kudi za a iya raba high-sa da kuma na baya. Na farko da kungiyar hada da wadanda suka yi nasu real kudin - kudin samar, da kuma shi ne daidai da fuska darajar. Don irin wannan ne kayayyaki kudi, wanda aka yadu amfani da barter a alfijir na wurare dabam dabam na kudi da karfe tsabar kudi, da azurfa da zinariya.

A devalued kudi maras muhimmanci darajar muhimmanci wuce na ainihi. Dõmin sun hada da takardar da kuma bashi. Banknote - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin iri na karshen.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na banknotes

Da rancen kudi ga wani saya da kuma sayar da kaya a kan bashi tsari. A farkon wannan manufa mai saye rubuta fitar da wata doka da mai sayarwa ta sunan. Wannan shi ne wani mika wuyansu da wajibi na bãshin biya mariƙin na takarda a wasu adadin kudi bayan wani lokaci.

A tsawon lokaci, da takardar kudi kansu zama abu na wata yarjejeniya tsakanin bãshin da binsa bashi. Bankunan sun fara rubuta nasu receipts kulla da promissory bayanin kula. Sun kasance sũ ne na farko banknotes. Su yi amfani da wani yawa na amincewa daga yan kasuwa idan aka kwatanta da wajibai na wasu Issuers. Wannan bayani da yafi da cewa da bankuna a lokacin sun fi sauran ƙarfi cibiyoyin.

The sosai farko banknotes bayyana a China matsayin farko a matsayin 8th karni. Sun kasance sũ ne guda na auduga takarda. Takarda banknotes a Turai fito a Sweden a 1661. Ingila ta fara bayarwa bayanin kula a 1694, Denmark - a 1713, Faransa - a 1716.

Takarda kudi a Tsarist Rasha

bayar da banknotes a wurare dabam dabam ra'ayin kamar yadda popularly kira banknotes a Tsarist Russia akwai har yanzu a zamanin Elizabeth, a farkon rabin na 18th karni. Duk da haka, an yi tantama ƙaryata da majalisar dattijai, wanda ba za a iya zaci cewa a wani roko maimakon "real" kudi zai tafi da wasu "takarda". Lokacin da Bitrus III jihar taskar da aka komai. A sakamakon haka, batun bankin rubutu riga ta maye gurbin karfe kudi a wurare dabam dabam da aka fara a watan Mayu 1762. Duk da haka, lura da suka taba samu. Hana juyin mulki, a cikin abin da ya hau gadon sarautar Catherine II.

Duk da haka, ra'ayin bayarwa takarda kudi da aka riga aka aiwatar a 1769, lokacin da ta umurnin Empress biyu bankunan da aka kafa a St. Petersburg da kuma Moscow. Samu a cikin wurare dabam dabam banknotes Rasha da mutunci 25, 50, 75 da kuma 100 rubles.

banknotes Tarayyar Soviet

Juyin juya halin na 1905 da kuma 1917 ya da wani tasiri a kan dukan monetary tsarin kasar. Da kuma yadda zai iya shi a in ba haka ba, a lokacin da gaba daya ya canza dukan hanyar rayuwa da dukan ƙasar? A wancan lokaci, kasar kasafin kudin shi gaba daya unbalanced: da suna na Rasha jihar a duniya matakin da aka ragu da gudana duniya canje-canje a jihar tsarin. Ciki da halin da ake ciki shi ne yanayin, ma, kasar da kanta ne ba da hanya mafi kyau. Na yawan tunani cewa, a karshe, ya zo musu da mafi kyau hour. Sun bukaci a rage tsawon lokacin aiki rana, kara Hakkin, da adadin daban-daban amfanin, kallafa kan jihar da wajibi don samar da abinci masana'antu. A sakamakon haka, sabuwar gwamnatin da aka tilasta yin amfani da takardar kudi ba kawai don biyan kudin babbar soja bayar wa, amma kuma a matsayin tushen don rufe da kasafin kudin gaira.

fiye da 9.5 biliyan. rubles aka saki a cikin wurare dabam dabam. Riga ta 1 ga Nuwamba, 1917 da adadin takarda kudi amounted zuwa 19.5 biliyan. Rub., Yayin da sayen ikon da ruble kadan fiye da 8 kopecks. Gwamnatin wucin aka tilasta en, banknotes a ƙungiyõyi na 250 da kuma 1000 rubles. "Kerensky Notes", kamar yadda popularly kira banknotes, ƙa'ida denominated a cikin zinariya rubles, a gaskiya, babu arziki da ba. Suna tafiya a kasa har sai karshen yakin basasa.

Da zuwan Soviet ikon a kasar suka fara yi na kwaminisanci. Kuma kwaminisanci da kudi, kamar yadda ka sani - biyu abubuwa ne gaba daya m. Amma kowa da kowa fahimci cewa ba tare da su, jihar ba zai iya zama kawai. Kuma sabuwar gwamnatin da ya samu a hanya daga: sun saki "zane alamomi". A ta ainihi, shi ne guda kudi, amma "tare da wani daban-daban miya."

Harkar Kuɗi da sake fasalin na Tarayyar Soviet karni na ashirin da

A lokacin babban Patriotic War, da monetary tsarin na kasar da aka gwada da barga, duk da dukan matsaloli. Wannan aka cimma da gabatarwar da katin tsarin da kuma kafa gyarawa farashin kaya. Amma karfi rage daga cikin taro na kayayyaki babu makawa ya kai ga samuwar zagawa da babban adadin kudi domin ya kiyaye. Bugu da kari, a cikin wuya postwar shekaru, kasar ya malale, lokacin da m rubutu. Wannan tsanani dagula shirin tattalin arziki maida. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1947 aka yanke shawarar rike da monetary garambawul, wanda a cikin sa 10 rubles da haihuwa model aka yi musayar for 1 sabon ruble.

Wani garambawul da aka za'ayi a tsakiyar karni na ashirin da. Wannan ke nan a lõkacin da gunaguni da aka samu, "Khrushchev wrappers", ko kawai "wrappers", kamar yadda ya kira banknotes 1961. A sunan da suka samu ga kananan size, m ga alewa wrapper. A kudi dade har da '90s, da kuma daina wanzuwa tare da dukan ƙasar, wanda su ne wata alama ce, ciki har da, sun.

Banknotes Modern Rasha

An musamman wuya tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki da kuma high kumbura a 1991-1993 kai ga cewa shi aka yanke shawarar saki da 50 da kuma 100-ruble rubutu. Amma wannan ya jagoranci wani m Jump a farashin. A hankali, da "katako rubles", kamar yadda banknotes na wani samfurin da aka kira da mutane, juya a cikin takarda, a mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta. Su sayen ikon da aka fadowa kamar roka.

Garambawul da za'ayi a cikin 1998, a zaci cikin ruble a 1000 sake. Yana da aka gudanar mafi smoothly idan aka kwatanta da sake fasalin na 40s da 60s. Da fari dai, babu wani bayyanannen deadlines kafa ga cewa yawan jama'a da ya kamata a yi musayar su a hannun tsabar kudi. Na biyu, "haihuwa" da "sabon" takardar kudi yana da wannan yawo a kasar cikin shekara ta 1998.

Modern Bank of Rasha banknotes ne banknotes, kerarre tare da mafi m, a filin wasa na kariya da su amincin fasahar. Don hana ƙirƙirãwa na ƙarya ya Central Bank ne kullum sa a cikin wurare dabam dabam sabon juyi na data kasance model, da m ayyuka wanda aka inganta daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.

Yau a wurare dabam dabam suna banknotes a ƙungiyõyi na 10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, kuma 5000 rubles.

Amurka dollar - duniya kudin

A US dollar ya dade da aka gane da kasa da kasa wajen biya. Ya daidaita tsakanin duniya ta ajiye kudin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa Amurka na karshe soke zinariya misali na ta kudin. Wannan ya faru ne kawai a cikin shekara ta 1971, yayin da kasashen Turai suka yi da shi a cikin farkon karni na ashirin, a lokacin da girma mawuyacin.

The ayyuka na Central Bank of Amurka Tarayya Reserve System aikin. Wannan yana da hakkin ya fitowa banknotes da kuma tsabar kudi saki a cikin wurare dabam dabam. Amurka dollar a wurare dabam dabam, yana da wani maras muhimmanci darajar 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 da kuma 100. Akwai kuma bayanan lura na 500, 1,000, 5,000 da ko da $ 10 000, amma suna amfani ne kawai ga ciki lissafin Fed da Amurka baitul.

Ban sha'awa abubuwa game da banknotes

A wurare dabam dabam na kudi ke mayar da dama ƙarni. A wannan lokaci, zan tara mai yawa ban sha'awa da kuma ban mamaki da gaske facts hade tare da tsabar kudi. The mafi ban sha'awa rubutu na duniya - abin da suke?

Babbar fuska darajar banknote da aka bayar a Hungary a shekarar 1946. Its amfani - wani biliyan biliyan (watau 1021). A diamita na sararin duniya, ta hanyar, shi ne 1023 km.

The most na sayen ikon doka yana roko a Birtaniya. Ta fuska darajar da miliyan 1. Burtaniya. An sani da wanzuwar biyu da irin wannan bayanin kula.

The karami denomination na banknote ya a wurare dabam dabam a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan shi ne wani rajistan shiga for 1 dinari, wanda aka bayar ta State Bank for ciki lissafin.

Banknote - wani nau'i na zama na tsabar kudi, ba tare da na zamani monetary tsarin kawai ba zai iya zama. Duk da ci gaban da cashless biya, gaba daya ya bari takarda kudi a nan gaba, ba mu da kamar wuya ya ci.

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