Azuzuwan a kan Blake: wurin da cavities, rarrabuwa da kuma lura da hakori caries

Me rarraba hakori caries? Shi ne kawai da farko duba wani sauki cuta da aka sani ga kowa da kowa. Domin Zahnärzte, akwai wani bambanci ta siffofin daban-daban, kuma kowane daga cikinsu na bukatar da kansa musamman tsarin kula da magani.

Caries ne daban-daban

Caries - ya fi na kowa cuta da na baka rami, masu tasowa, a daban-daban shafukan da hakora iya zama daban-daban da kuma na asibiti hoto na tsari. Domin saukaka wa jiyya, daidai zabi na hakori shiri da kuma amfani da sealing abu iri to rarraba hakori caries. Saboda haka ware azuzuwan a kan Blake, da zurfin da shan kashi, da mataki na aiki da aiwatar da halaka, da gaban rikitarwa, da na asibiti yanayi da wuri daga cikin rauni.

A mafi mashahuri ne da rarrabuwa samarwa a shekarar 1986 an American likitan hakori George. Black. Its nufin ya da amfaninsa da ka'idodinta jiyya ga wani iri-iri harafin daban na hakori caries.

Azuzuwan a kan Blake

Black gano biyar azuzuwan zuwa localize a farfajiya, da cewa shi ne, dangane da inda aka located carious rami:

1. Sarrafawa fissures (fasa da depressions a cikin enamel occlusal surface), rami molars da premolars (ƙanana da manyan molars), canines da incisors.
2. Yana shafi biyu ko fiye na saman - An kama da tsakiya kuma da distal (gaban caries a kan hakora), ko occlusion (taban da ake da yankan saman) molars da premolars.
3. Ci gaban da cutar a tsakiya kuma da distal ɓangare na canines da incisors.
4. Sarrafawa ne guda a matsayin cewa na uku aji, da entrained kwana na kambi da rabo ko yankan surface.
5. Rami bautar da mahaifa rabo daga wani rukuni na hakora.

ta Black maki systematize duk yiwu embodiments na cavities, kowane daga cikinsu na samar da wani raba magani, da hanyar da hakori shiri na haƙuri kuma shigar da hatimi.

A farko aji ta Black

Located carious rami game da shi kara hadarin keta hatimi gefen high matsa lamba a kan shi a lokacin taban da ake. Lokacin da hakori shiri ya hada da matakan ware irin wannan yiwuwar. Wannan na faruwa ta rage bevel enamel da kuma dalaye wani thicker Layer na ciko abu. Lokacin amfani da wani kumshin tare da sinadaran magance aka yi amfani da layi daya zuwa kasa na ta rami, kamar yadda shrinkage za a mika wa ɓangaren litattafan almara. Idan ka yi amfani da haske-warke abu, shi da aka aza slanting yadudduka. Shrinkage a wannan harka za a directed zuwa Polymerization Madogararsa. Ƙasansu akwai waɗansu inuwõwi dole ne karya daga tsakiyar kasa da gefuna da rami, da tsananin haske ya auku, ta hanyar gefen bangon, da kuma bayan - perpendicular zuwa daukan taban surface. A sakamakon haka, a m Fit aka samu a da hatimin kogo.

Akayi ciko da cavities na farko aji na

Irin ayyuka bukatar da za a dauka likitan hakora in warkar da Grade 1 a Blake:

• anesthetize (amfani da m gel ko fesa lidocaine) ,
• shirya hakori (shiri ya shafi hakowa zurfin carious rabo daga m nama)
• idan ya cancanta don gabatar da wani insulating GASKET (ga hana daukan hotuna na kumshin zuwa ɓangaren litattafan almara da kuma ta hangula)
• acid pickle da kurkura, ya bushe da rami,
• ware daga yau,
• dole tambaya share fage (ga dentin)
• Aiwatar da m (bonding tsakanin kumshin memba da hakori zane ko share fage)
• Layer da Layer simintin abu rike ta magance,
• a gyara da ake so siffar, don samar da kammala da polishing,
• yi tsananin haske (karshe magance).

Na biyu aji ta Black

Da ciwon da kansa matsaloli Grade 2 da Black shawara a lura da biyu main manufofin - don ƙirƙirar wani karfi lamba tsakanin hakora da kuma samar da wani snug Fit na kumshin zuwa gefen babban rami. Sau da yawa sealing aiwatar da wahala ta bayyanar da overhanging baki like, da rashin lamba tsakanin hakora ko wani abu da cavities. Don hana wannan, yi amfani da wani bakin ciki matrix da aka kwashe hakori biya diyya (zuwa mutuža yiwu) yin amfani da katako, wedges. A gabatar da interdental sarari matrix da kuma gyarawa sandan, sa'an nan moistened da ruwa. Sandan ta kumbura, kuma Firaministan da hakori. Wannan hanya idan ciko don kauce wa overhanging gefuna fillings, wanda bi da bi zai iya sa kumburi da gumis. M abu fit zuwa rami na samar da amfani da wani m - m kanta saboda kumshin za a iya daidaita da alaka ne kawai da enamel, amma dentin.

Akayi cika cavities biyu aji

ta Black azuzuwan da magani da kamance, amma kowanne daga cikinsu na bukatar musamman nuances na cika. A nan ne matakai domin na biyu aji:

• maganin sa barci,
• shirye-shiryen,
• idan ya cancanta, gyara na gumis,
• Shigarwa na matrix da gabatarwar da wani katako sandan ko mariƙin,
• idan ya cancanta motsi baya hakora,
• imposition na wani insulating spacer (idan ya cancanta)
• dauke da fitar etching hanya, acid wanka da bushewa
  rami
• kadaici hakori daga yau,
• da ake ji share fage da kuma m,
• idan ya cancanta - mayar da enamel gefuna (idan akwai),
• imposition na kumshin yadudduka,
• Ana cire da matrix da sandan,
• Ikon interproximal lamba,
• gyara, polishing,
• tsananin haske gama.

Uku da ta huɗu azuzuwan

A nan, da babban rawa da aka buga da zabin da launi na cika abu, saboda a wannan yanayin da hakorin lalata da aka sarrafa a gaban hakora. Saboda da daban-daban coefficient na nuna gaskiya dentin da enamel, da magani ne dole in yi amfani da kumshin na biyu launi daban-daban. Bukatar ne ga wani hakori da jũna kama, da hatimi ba kama wani faci. Don ƙirƙirar mafi halitta sakamako, yi amfani da fata na kayan koyi da dentin, kuma kusan m - ka sake da enamel. A mi} a mulki ya ba bayyane, bevel da enamel rufe da shi 2-3 mm. Yana da muhimmanci cewa irin wannan m aiki yi mai kyau likitan hakori wanda zai iya daidai ƙayyade da nuna gaskiya da hakori. Akwai uku digiri na shi: opaque (yawanci yellowish, opaque ko yankan baki), m (yellow-m inuwõyinta suna kusa, m sabon abu), shi ne sosai m (grayish, m yankin Ranks uku na hakori.

Akayi cika cavities 3 da 4 azuzuwan

Don rufẽwa a kan uku da na hudu azuzuwan na cavities ta Black, wani likitan hakori dole kammala wadannan matakai:

• tsabtace da farfajiya na plaque,
• sanin ko hakori inuwa,
• anesthetize,
• shirya hakori don saki daga kamuwa da nama
• saita daina raina zaren, ko matrix, a lokacin da shi da ake bukata (shafa gingival gefe)
• tambaya insulating rufi,
• idan ya cancanta, don mayar da contours da hakora,
• acid kurkura da bushe da rami,
• ware yau,
• Aiwatar da wani share fage (dama) da kuma wani m
• plobiruyuschy kallafa yadudduka abu,
• kau na matrix da filaments, idan an zartar,
• daidaita baki, a siffar da hakori,
• nika da polishing,
• tsananin haske gama.

Biyar sa da Black

A wannan yanayin, da babban muhimmanci ne dangantakar da gumis da cavities. Tare da zurfin raunuka tare da rufe daga cikin ƙananan gefen gumis, zub da jini ta, mai kyau likitan hakori nan da nan kayyade cewa wani gyara na gingival gefe. Bayan dace magudi da danko for 'yan kwanaki, gabatar da wani wucin gadi cika kawar da kara matsaloli a lokacin da installing m. Biyar sa da ya shafi yin amfani da kumshin kayan da compomers (kumshin-ionomer abun da ke ciki). A karshen ana amfani da na waje raunuka tare da wani gagarumin rabo daga cikin mafi girma a sarrafawa. A lokuta inda ado bayyanar shi ne muhimmin (ko gazawar rinjayar kawai enamel), ta amfani da haske-magance composites musamman zaba launi.

Matakai ga ciko cavities na biyar aji

Abin da ya yi a lokacin da zalunta caries biyar sa:

• tsaftace hakori surface daga plaque,
• ƙayyade inuwa,
• ciyar maganin sa barci
• yi dissection, cire tausasa nama
• daidai gingival gefe, idan ya cancanta,
• shigar da karyata igiyar,
• gabatar da wani GASKET for rufi, idan ya cancanta,
• acid kurkura, bushe,
• ware daga yau,
• Aiwatar da share fage da kuma m,
• shiryawa abu, tsananin haske,
• nika da polishing,
• tsananin haske gama.

shida sa

Shahararren American likitan hakori, wanda sunansa ne rarrabuwa ne mai suna, Akwai biyar azuzuwan na cavities. Na dogon lokaci, ya tsarin da aka yi amfani da asalin siffan. Amma daga baya a kan shirin na Health azuzuwan ta Black Duniya Organization ya halartar qananan canje-canje - shi aka kara zuwa na shida. Ya bayyana sarrafawa na caries a kaifi baki na incisors na kan tuddai da na baya hakora.