Artists Wanderers da su kerawa. Rasha artists itinerant karni na 19th

The Legacy bar baya da itinerant artists, a gaske mai girma da kuma multifaceted. Sun fara ne su zana a cikin zane-zane da na talakawa mutane, su hanyarsa ta rayuwa, da halaye, ji da kuma tunanin jihar. A cikin canvases na artists Wanderers kuma iya ganin al'amuran daga Rasha tarihi, farin Indomitable karfi na ruhu na kowa mutane. Daga cikin Masterpieces na wannan lokaci kuma sami hotuna na shahararrun mutane da kuma nobility.

Tarihi na jam'iyya

Artists Wanderers kasance na farko da Rasha realists. Su contrasted su kerawa m ilimi canons, da nisa daga yau gaskiya da kuma bukatunsu na zamani da rai. Association of tafiya nune-nunen da aka shirya a St. Petersburg. Ban sha'awa tarihin wannan al'umma. A 1863, zuriya goma sha huɗu daga cikin mafi kyau digiri na Academy of Arts nema daga shugabancin ƙuduri da yancin ya zabi na jigo na gasar juna. Bayan da aka ki, matasa dalibai ba su yi shakka fito daga makarantun don tsara free jam'iyya. A shekara ta 1870, a kan shirin na V. Perov su, tare da Moscow artists , Mun halitta Association of tafiya nune-nunen. A farko lãbãri da aka bude riga a 1871. A cikin ayyukansu, matasa realists nema ya nuna na gaskiya rai ne kullum fama da kuma raunana peasantry, wanda shi ne karkashin ikon masu arziki da gonaki. Nuna cewa halshen itinerant artists sun samu gagarumar nasara, kuma a cikin mafi bambancin sassa na yawan jama'a.

Kan rayuwa na jam'iyya da aka gudanar da arba'in da takwas nune-nunen a Moscow, St. Petersburg, Riga, Yaroslavl, Tula, Saratov, Chisinau, Kazan, Kursk, Voronezh, Poltava, Kharkov, Odessa, Kiev da kuma sauran birane. "Folk nuni" kuma fara shirya a kananan garuruwa, kauyuka da kuma garuruwa da ƙauyukan. ilimi da na kowa mutane - shi ne daya daga cikin ra'ayoyin bin artists Wanderers. List of mahalarta na al'umma ya hada da mafi kyau sculptors da painters na goma sha tara da kuma ashirin ƙarni. Daga cikin su nemaloizvestny gg Myasoedov, Petrov, I. Kramskoy, K. Sawicki, G. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, Shishkin, Repin, Vasnetsov, Levitan, S. Ivanov, . Arkhipov da kuma sauran mashahuran mutane.

m ayyuka

Nuwamba 29, 1871, a St. Petersburg bude farko tafiya nuni. A daukan hotuna da suka gabatar da ayyuka goma sha shida painters. arba'in da bakwai zane-zane da aka nuna a cikin masu sauraro. Daga baya, a birnin Moscow, yawan nuna zane-zane da kai 82. A wannan baje kolin da aka daga baya ya koma Kiev da Kharkov. Irin wannan zane-zane ta hanyar Rasha artists na Wanderers, a matsayin "May Night" (I. Kramskoy), "mafarauta a Allahi", "Vertical na wani m I. S. Kamynina," "Fisherman", "Vertical na A. N. Ostrovskogo" (VG . Perov), "The Rooks sun isa" (A. Savrasov), "komai" (I. Pryanishnikova) ya shiga cikin tarihi na Rasha zane-zane. A ayyukansa realists dogara ba kawai a kan kwarewa da Rasha zanen, amma kuma da nasarorin da na gargajiya da kuma na zamani art duniya. Mutane da yawa wakilan kamfanin a shekaru daban-daban a cikin shugabanci na Academy of Arts ziyarci} asashen waje, wanda soma da kwarewa na da abokan aiki, karatu ma'adanin na lokuta daban-daban da kuma styles. Su lura da kwaikwayo na su aiwatar a cikin ayyukansu. Creativity Peredvizhnik sun fi mayar da m da motsi na duniya art na goma sha tara da kuma ashirin ƙarni.

Alexei Savrasov

Daji, yanayin fili fenta. Shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa kungiyar na Wanderers. A 1844 matasa artist da mahaifinsa nufin shiga cikin School of zanen, wanda nasarar kammala a 1850. A farko shimfidar Alekseya Kondratevicha - "View na Kremlin a inclement weather", "Duba na Moscow daga Sparrow Hills" - imbued tare da ra'ayoyi na romanticism. Savrasov rayayye halarci nune-nunen, da kuma koyar a makarantar sassaka da zane. A 1862 ya tafiya kasashen waje, inda ya halarci wani art nuni London, Paris, Munich, Dresden, Berlin, Copenhagen da sauransu. Musamman ja hankalin na artist Jamus da kuma Turanci painters son zuciyarsa ga 'yancin kai da gaskiya kuma. A wannan lokacin, Alexei Kondratyevich rubuta daya daga cikin shahararrun zane-zane - "Elk Island", wanda ya sa aka daga baya bayar da kyauta a cikin gasar a Moscow. Tun a shekara ta 1870, shi da matarsa tattaki zuwa Rasha (Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Novgorod). Ya kwaikwayo na da kyau na uwa halitta a cikin hotuna ta watsa. Saboda haka akwai wani "zube Volga" da kuma "The Rooks sun isa". Wannan wadannan zane-zane da aka gabatar a farko nuni, wanda aka shirya da Rasha artists Wanderers. A cikin ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin 870 na, akwai wani girma tashin hankali da kuma bakin ciki: "Sunset kan fadama", "Moonlight", "Kabarin Volga", "hatsin rai". Ya karshe shekaru da artist ciyar a zurfin wuya.

Ivan Shishkin

Names Peredvizhnik da aka sani zuwa yanzu fiye da kan iyakoki na motherland. A karin misalin wannan - Shishkin. Tare da sunansa ake dangantawa da tarihi na cikin gida da wuri mai faɗi, ya halittun sun zama na kasa litattafansu da tsiwirwirinsu m shahararsa. Future artist aka haife shi a wani karamin gari a Elabuga m iyali a 1832. A 1848 ya shiga Kazan dakin motsa jiki, amma bai gama ba shi. Back gida, lokaci mai tsawo ne a search na gaba hanya. A shekaru ashirin da matasa Shishkin shiga cikin School of zanen, inda kansa nutsa cikin zurfin da karatu da kuma aiki. The artist ne kullum fa, tã. Ya yi wahayi zuwa da yanayi, gandun daji da kuma yankunan karkara shimfidar wurare, baƙauye rayuwa. Da farko, sauko da mu lokaci, aikin Shishkin - shi ne "Pine a kan wani dutse." The mai zanen aka fentin a 1855. A 1856, Ivan shiga Academy of Fine Arts (St. Petersburg). Farkon ayyuka suna imbued tare da romance. A 1858 ya rubuta daya daga cikin shahararrun zane-zane, "Duba na tsibirin Valaam." Domin wannan aiki, a 1860 ya aka bayar da lambar zinariya a ilimi nuni. Bayan samun digiri (1860) Shishkin aika ƙasashen waje. A wannan lokacin ya Halicci fitacciyar nemaloizvestny "View kusa Dusseldorf", gabatar a nuni a Paris. Bayan ya dawo gida Ivan fuskanci I.Kramskoy - kafa na "Artel na artists." A cikin wadannan shekaru da ya rubuta mai yawan shimfidar ( "A cikin kusanci da Moscow", "The Itace-cikinsu yake saran", "Ship Garka", "Forest Stream"). Ayyukansa ya ko da yaushe yana sanya a kan nune-nunen da cewa ya dace Rasha artists Wanderers. Don wannan rana, babban Masterpieces na wuri mai faɗi ne Popular.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy

Rasha artists itinerant karni na 19th halitta wata babbar hoto gallery. A cikin ayyukansu, da suka bayyana da mafi kyau mutane a kasar, shahararren Figures na kimiyya da al'adu. Mutane da yawa Masterpieces da aka rubuta domin daga cikin shahararrun art majiɓinci, kuma harajin P. Tretyakov. Lalle ne m portraitist ya Kramskoy. Karfi na talanti ɗaya na wannan m artist da kuma psychologist bayyana a cikin hoto Lva Tolstogo. Wannan fitacciyar aka rubuta a 1873 a Yasnaya Polyana. A sahun gaba na artist kawo wani bayyanannu, kuma mai hikima hankali na marubuci. Hoton shahararren Rasha marubuci dogara ne a kan bambanci-tushen (ciki da waje muhimmancin sauki). Wani muhimmin aiki shi ne hoto na Archeology "Inconsolable Baƙin ciki" kai zurfin da masu juna biyu ji. A 1860-1870 shekaru ya kasance rayayye da hannu a cikin kungiyar na nune-nunen, wanda aka za'ayi artists Wanderers. Aiki Kramskogo "Kristi Desert" da aka gabatar a karo na biyu da mai daukan hotuna. The Legacy of artist, mafi yawa up hotuna na talakawa mutane, "Polesovschik", "ba a sani ba", "Farmer tare da wani linzami," da dai sauransu ...

Ilya Efimovich Repin

Zai yiwu mafi muhimmanci aukuwa a tarihi na Rasha da zanen shi ne zanen "baji Haulers". A cikin aikinsa, cikin artist nuna sama-sama da image na kowa mutane. Kafin Repin ga wannan warai mai ban tausayi da ban mamaki labarin babu wanda jawabi. A cikin wannan fitacciyar, da artist ya nuna rinjãye da dukan wajen art kammala. Wani gagarumin halittar Repin - "Addini Procession in Kursk lardin". Rubuta a 1883, da zanen janyo hankalin sabon abu na wasan kwaikwayo da kuma compositional bayani. Addini procession wanda aka nuna a hoton wakiltar na gama image na kauye da dukan da kungiyoyin da azuzuwan. Tare da babban soyayya da kuma tausayi marubucin gudanar ya zana siffofin talakawa manoma. A wuri na musamman a cikin ayyukansu na zane-zane daukan wani sauyi theme. Yana halitta zanen "A karkashin rakiya", "ba tsammani", "Ƙin na Confession." A 1880, Ilya Yefimovich nufin da hoto Genre, portraying shahararren zamani Figures kamar D. Mendeleyev, A. Delvig, Glinka da sauransu.

Vasiliy Maksimovich Maksimov

Da farko m basira da ya samu a cikin icon-zanen nazarinsa. Vasili Maksimovich gama da St. Petersburg Academy of Fine Arts a cikin aji na tarihi zanen. Dukan ayyukan da ya da artist ya sadaukar da wani asali image na baƙauye duniya. Ya zane-zane da ba su shafi cikin sharpness na batutuwa da haske launuka. Duk da haka, wannan siffa ne kawai ja hankalin masu art masoya. Ya fi shahara ayyukan su ne: "Duk abin da a baya", "Patient miji", "Family Sashen". Kazalika da yawa wasu artists itinerant karni na 19th, Vasily Maksimovich a cikin aikinsa ya yi aiki ga daidai da m akida da dabi'u na zamaninsa.

Vasiliy Grigorevich Perov

An haife shi a Tobolsk a 1834. A samartaka, matasa artist ke da School of zanen. Da farko gagarumin aiki ne "Zuwan tsaya a kan gudanar da bincike." Masterpieces rubuta a da ƙaramin shekaru, wata babbar nasara a kan hanya nuna. Ba da da ewa, ga zanen "Huduba a wani kauyen" Vasily aka bayar samu lambar zinariya. Farkon zane-zane daidai da zamantakewa da m fuskantarwa da marubucin. A karin misalin wannan - "Karkara procession on Easter", "Koyar a kauyen", da dai sauransu A shekaru baya Perov bayyana a matsayin hoto-wuri mai faɗi zane-zane .. Shĩ ne da hotuna na Dostoevsky da Alexander Ostrovsky. Yana Vasily ya daya daga cikin initiators na aiki yadda ake gudanar da Partnership tayi.

Abram Efimovich Arkhipov

Wannan artist aka bai wani muhimmin wuri a cikin Genre zanen da lokaci. A cikin Masterpieces Arkhipov iyakar gaskiya wanda aka nuna rayuwar wani sauki yankunan karkara mutane. Ya zanen "The Return", "A Eye", an yadu a gane a ko'ina cikin duniya. A wasu daga cikin ayyukansa ya bayyana matsalolin zamantakewa ( "washerwomen", "rana laborer" da sauransu. D.), Portraying wani nauyi baƙauye aiki.