Arsenic oxide: shirye-shiryen da kaddarorin

A irin wannan lokaci-lokaci tebur kashi, kamar arsenic, ya mamaye wani matsayi a karfe - nonmetal. By su aiki da shi ne tsakanin hydrogen da tagulla. Non-ƙarfe yanayi bayyana a gaskiyar cewa shi zai iya motsa jiki a mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka -3 (Ash ₃ - arsine). Mahadi da kyau hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar +3 da amphoteric Properties, da kuma tare da mataki na +5 bayyana ta acidic Properties. Mene ne arsenic oxide?

Oxides da hydroxides

Wadannan arsenic oxides: As ₂ Ya ₃ da kuma As ₂ Ya _5. Akwai kuma wani m hydroxides:

• Metamyshyakovistaya acid HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistaya acid H ₃ Aso _3.
• Metamyshyakovaya acid HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovaya acid H ₃ Aso _4.
• Piromyshyakovaya acid H ₂ As ₄ Ya _7.

Mene ne arsenic trioxide?

Arsenic oxide suranta biyu na wanda As ₂ Ya ₃ yana sunan trioxide. Wannan abu, wanda sau da yawa amfani da magani, amma shi ne ba da wani m sinadaran. Wannan inorganic fili wanda shi ne mai manyan tushen organoarsenicheskih mahadi (mahadi dauke da carbon bond c) da kuma da yawa wasu. Mutane da yawa amfani As ₂ Ya ₃ ne rigima saboda guba yanayin da rabi. Ciniki sunan wannan fili ne Trisenox.

Janar bayani game da trioxide

A sunadarai dabara na arsenic trioxide yana da wadannan nau'i As ₂ Ya _3. A kwayoyin nauyi na fili ne 197,841 g / mol. Akwai su da yawa hanyoyin da za a samu wannan oxide. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne roasting na sulphide tama. A sinadaran dauki ne kamar haka:

2As ₂ Ya ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2As ₂ Ya ₃ + 6SO ₂

Mafi yawa daga cikin oxides za a iya samu a matsayin byproduct daga cikin aiki da sauran ores. Arsenopyrite ne na kowa najasa da zinariya, da tagulla, da kuma shi saki arsenic trioxide, a lokacin da mai tsanani a gaban iska. Wannan zai iya kai ga tsanani guba.

A tsarin da arsenic trioxide

Arsenic trioxide yana da dabara As ₄ Ya ₆ a cikin ruwa da kuma iskar gas bulan (kasa 800 ° C). A cikin wadannan manzilõli, shi ne isostructural da fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ Ya _6). Duk da haka, a yanayin zafi sama da 800 ° C As ₄ Ya ₆ fadi to kwayoyin As ₂ Ya _3. A wannan lokaci shi ne isostructural da diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ Ya _3). A ta m jihar, wannan fili ya nuna polymorph ikon (ikon zama a cikin biyu ko fiye da siffofin crystal tsarin).

Properties na arsenic trioxide

Wasu daga cikin muhimman Properties na arsenic trioxide ne kamar haka:

• trioxide mafita samar da rauni acid da ruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa amphoteric fili shi ne wani antimony oxide.
• Shi ne mai narkewa a cikin alkaline mafita da kuma bada arsenate.
• arsenic trioxide yana da babban solubility a hydrochloric acid (HCI), kuma a karshe na samar da wani dabzar arsenic trichloride kuma acid.
• Yana bada pentoxide (As ₂ Ya ₅₎ a gaban karfi oxidants kamar hydrogen peroxide, lemar sararin samaniya da kuma nitric acid.
• Shi ne kusan insoluble a cikin kwayoyin kaushi.
• Yana kama da wani farin m a al'ada yanayin jiki.
• Shi yana da narkewa batu na 312,2 ° C da kuma tafasar batu na 465 ° C.
• Da yawa daga wannan abu ne 4,15 g / cm ^3.

A amfani da arsenic trioxide a magani

Wannan sunadarai ne a aji na antineoplastic jamiái, kuma an yi amfani da magani na ciwon daji. Arsenic yawan guba ne da aka sani. Duk da haka, arsenic trioxide ne jiyyar cutar sankara magani amfani da su bi wani irin ciwon daji na shekaru masu yawa. The bayani amfani da wannan magani da ake kira bayani Fowler. A 1878 godu Boston City asibitin bayar da rahoton cewa wannan bayani na iya zama mai tasiri a cikin rage yawan leukocytes a cikin mutane.

A sakamakon ₂ Ya ₃ da aka yafi amfani domin lura da cutar sankarar bargo, kamar yadda dogon har sai an maye gurbinsu radiotherapy. Amma bayan 1930s, shi a hankali kõma da shahararsa a lura da cutar sankarar bargo, muddin akwai wani zamani jiyyar cutar sankara. Wannan arsenic oxide an dauki mafi kyau Hanyar magani na kullum myelogenous cutar sankarar bargo. Ko a yau wannan abu da aka amfani da su bi wani irin m promyelocytic cutar sankarar bargo tare da m retinoid ko anthracycline jiyyar cutar sankara. Haka kuma an yi amfani da su bi da kullum myeloid cutar sankarar bargo, mahara myeloma, m myeloid cutar sankarar bargo, lymphoma, ciwon daji na lymphatic tsarin.

Amfani trioxide

Arsenic trioxide ne yadu amfani a cikin yi da colorless gilashi. Wannan fili ne kuma da amfani a Electronics gina semiconductors da kuma wasu gami. Ana amfani da a Paints. Arsenic trioxide iya zama mai tasiri a cikin jiyya na kwakwalwa siffofin maruran.

A baya, wannan abu da ake amfani a Dentistry, amma saboda yana da wani sosai mai guba fili, da yin amfani da zamani Dentistry an katse. Arsenic oxide (As ₂ Ya Formula ₃₎ ana amfani da matsayin hana aifuwa na maza ga itace, amma irin kayan da ake hana a wasu sassa na duniya. A hade tare da arsenic trioxide jan acetate bada haske kore pigment.

sosai guba abu

Trioxide kanta tana da wani babban matakin da yawan guba. Saboda haka, dole ne ka ko da yaushe dauki zama dole riƙi shirinsu kafin ka yi amfani da shi. Yana iya zama mai hadarin gaske a cikin wadannan lokuta:

• Ci abinci. Idan As ₂ Ya _3, bazata samun shiga cikin narkewa kamar fili, ya kamata ka nan da nan tuntubar likita. An ba da shawarar a yi kokarin sa amai da neman taimakon likita. Wajibi ne a cire duk wani m tufafi, kai a kashe ya taye, unbutton da abin wuya, bel da sauransu. D.
• Saduwa da fata. A hali na lamba tare da wani surface na jiki kamata nan da nan ya wanke ya shafa yankin tare da yalwa da ruwa. Gurbata da tufafi da takalma da dole ne a cire nan da nan, kuma su ya kamata a wanke kafin sake amfani. A hali mai tsanani fata lamba, ya kamata ka nan da nan ka nemi taimakon likita. Yana iya zama da amfani a gare disinfecting wanka na kamuwa da yankin tare da sabulu da kuma antibacterial cream aikace-aikace.
• Eye lamba. Idan As ₂ Ya ₃ zo a cikin lamba tare da idanu, abu na farko da ya yi shi ne don cire duk wani lamba ruwan tabarau da kuma ido wanka da ruwa na mintina 15. An shawarar yin amfani da ruwan sanyi. Layi daya ga wannan, wani yana kira motar asibiti.
• Inhalation. Mutanen da suka inhaled da gas, ya kamata a sanya a cikin wani wurin daban da sabo iska. Har ila yau, ya kamata ka nan da nan ka nemi taimakon likita. Idan wahala numfashi, oxygen dole ne nan da nan gudanar. Idan aka azabtar ya kasa numfashi a kan nasu, kana bukatar ka ba wucin gadi numfasawa.
• Wannan fili iya samun mai guba sakamako a kan mutane. A hali na ingestion na matsanancin yawa daga arsenic trioxide, shi yana iya ma da kai ga mutuwa. Safety tabarau da kuma safar hannu kamata ko da yaushe a yi amfani da lokacin da yin aiki tare da As ₂ Ya _3. Aiki kamata ko da yaushe a da za'ayi a wata rijiya-ventilated yankin.

illa

Common gefen sakamakon wannan abu hada da cututtuka kamar:

• matalauta ci.
• amai.
• tashin zuciya.
• ciki zafi.
• maƙarƙashiya.
• ciwon kai.
• gajiya.
• dizziness.
• zazzabi.
• numfashi matsaloli.
• babban matakin leukocytes.
• high jini sugar.
• fata da garaje.

Kadan na kowa illa sun hada da:

• bushe baki.
• saba numfashi.
• ciwon kirji.
• low matakan leucocytes.
• tsoka da kashi zafi.
• ƙaruwa fuska da idanu.
• zawo.
• tsãwa;
• low jini sugar.
• Low oxygen matakai a cikin jini.

Rare gefen sakamakon As ₂ Ya _3:

• sababbu bugun zuciya (wanda zai iya har ma da kai ga mutuwa).
• nauyi riba.
• rufe da mãgãgi.
• fakowa-mindedness.
• coma.
• kumbura ciki.
• duhun fata.

Life-barazanar bayyanar cututtuka na daukan hotuna zuwa arsenic trioxide - wani nauyi riba, zazzabi, wahalar numfashi, shortness na numfashi, ciwon kirji, tari.

Arsenic trioxide ne mai matuƙar mai guba abu, wanda zai iya har ma da kai ga asarar rayuka. Duk da haka, shi yana zama da amfani a kiwon lafiya filin. Mun kamata ko da yaushe dauki riƙi shirinku.

sinadaran halayen

Arsenic trioxide ne amphoteric mafi girma oxides na arsenic da kuma ta ruwa-ruwa mafita ne weakly acidic. Saboda haka, shi ne readily mai narkewa a cikin alkaline mafita ga samu arsenates. Shi ne kasa mai narkewa a cikin acid, fãce hydrochloric.

Kawai da karfi oxidants kamar lemar sararin samaniya, hydrogen peroxide da kuma nitric acid, shi ne kafa na arsenic Penta-oxide da wani mataki na acidity na 5 Kamar yadda ₂ Ya _5. Game da hadawan abu da iskar shaka juriya, arsenic trioxide bambanta daga phosphorus trioxide, wanda aka sauƙi ƙone phosphorus pentoxide. Saukarwa ba elemental arsenic ko arsine (Ash _3).

arsenic pentoxide

Chemical Formula pentoxide ne As ₂ Ya _5. Its matauni taro na 229.8402 g / mol. Yana da wani fari hygroscopic foda da yawa daga 4,32 g / cm ^3. Narkewa batu ya kai 315 ° C, a wadda ta fara decompose. The abu yana da kyau solubility a ruwa da kuma barasa. Arsenic oxide Properties sa shi sosai guba da kuma kawo hadari ga yanayin wuri. Wannan inorganic fili wanda yake shi ne ƙasa da na kowa, sosai guba sabili da haka sami kawai iyakance kasuwanci aikace-aikace, sabanin mafi girma arsenic oxide (As ₂ Ya Formula _3).

Arsenic da aka sani da farko a matsayin mai guba da kuma carcinogen. Its trioxide - wani ruwa mai narkewa foda, wanda ya fitar da wani colorless, m kuma odorless bayani. Shi ne mai rare Hanyar kashe a tsakiyar zamanai. Its amfani ci gaba a yau, amma ga zaman lafiya dalilai da a kananan yawa.