Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube": tarihin halitta, description, halaye

A kowace jiha, da aka musamman bayar domin neman kariya daga iska mamayewa anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami da tsarin (Sams). A 18 Yuli 1958, daidai da Resolution na CPSU kwamitin tsakiya, ya fara zane aikin Sam "Cube" a cikin Research Institute of Instrumentation. Iska tsaro makami mai linzami tsarin tsara don kare sojojin ƙasa da sulke rarrabuwa daga iska harin da ya hallaka maƙiyi hari a matsakaici da kuma low tsawo.

Mene ne sam Tarayyar Soviet?

"Cube" - anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin, da abun da ke ciki na wanda kunshi fama nufin:

• Antiaircraft shiryar da makami mai linzami 3M9.
• Kai-propelled Yin bincike da shiriya (1S91).
• Kai-propelled shirin mai gabatarwa 2P25 kafuwa.

Wanda aka hannu a cikin halittar Sam a cikin Tarayyar Soviet?

All fama kayan aikin da suke kunshe a cikin anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube", tsara akayi daban-daban. Ga kowane shafin da aka sanya a babban zanen, manajan alhakin sakamakon. 1S91 kai-propelled gun an halitta a karkashin jagorancin AA Rastova. Semi-aiki radar shugaban 2P25, yin abin da ya ƙunsa makamai masu linzami, da aka ɓullo da har 1960 manyan zanen Yu Vekhov. Wanda zai gaje shi a wannan aiki shi ne IG Akopyan a shekarar 1960. Alhakin dukan anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube" da kuma shi ya zama sarki zanen na OKB-15 V. V. Tihomirov.

Design da kuma aiki shirin mai gabatarwa

Kai-propelled shirin mai gabatarwa da aka sanya a kan shasi na GM-578 a kan musamman karusai, a cikinsa akwai shiriya ga makamai masu linzami. 2P25 dauke wutar lantarki actuators, kewayawa kayan aiki. Bugu da kari, da kai-propelled gun aka sanye take da sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin, m gas-injin turbin lantarki shuka da kuma kayan aiki a topographic wuri, shigar wanda ke aiki bayanai sadarwa da kuma iko da prestart kafuwa. biyu kwasfansu aka yi amfani da Tashar sarrafa tare da roka gabatarwa. Su aka sanya a cikin wani roka. Hanya ta prelaunch shiriya yi ta yin amfani da drive carriages abin da ake gudanarwa ta data 1S91. Radiotelekodovaya mahada 2P25 samar da zama dole bayani. Fama da kafuwa lissafi ya uku. 2P25 nauyi kai 19,5 tons.

makami mai linzami na'urar

Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami hadaddun "shigen sukari" 3M9 sanye take da wani makami mai linzami gina daidai da makirci "Rotary fuka-fuki". Daga ta takwaransa 3M8 ne halin gaban ƙarin iko saman. Saboda su size amfani da Rotary reshe zanen kaya sun rage. Bugu da ƙari, servos ba bukatar wani babban iko. A na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive an maye gurbinsu da m iska.

Target saye da fara da nuna goyon baya a kan Doppler mita yi semiactive radar abin da ya ƙunsa kai 1SB4, located a gaban wani makami mai linzami, hada da wani hada propulsion tsarin. Weight SHI fragmentation warhead ya 57 kg. Avtodiodny dual fuze ya bada umurni ga aiwatar da ta fasa. roka size ya 5.8 m, diamita - 33 cm. The tattara makami mai linzami hawa a musamman kwantena, wanda aka halicce su da nadawa cakosoban Consoles.

Yadda cikin post-konewa roka jam'iyya?

A lura da gas janareta a bãyan konewa shiga ta iska inlets a afterburning jam'iyya a cikin abin da karshe konewa na man fetur da aka yi. M man fetur cajin da kanta da aka a 172-kore bam diamita na 29 cm da kuma tsawon 1.7 mita. Domin ta masana'antu ballistic man fetur amfani. Air intakes aka lasafta ga supersonic aiki yanayin. A lokacin kaddamar da roka duk iska nuna tam rufe da fiberglass matosai. Fara na roka jefa aka sanya a jefa site kafin ciki har da boosters.

Fara dade 5 seconds. A ciki na roka bututun ƙarfe, wanda ke rike da fiberglass grating, 5-6 seconds bayan harbe-harben da baya, da kuma cikin lokaci inganta aiki midcourse.

A abun da ke ciki da kuma ayyuka 1S91

Kai-propelled bincike da shiriya kunshi:

• Radar radar tashar tare da wanda ganewa da kuma tracking aka yi m manufa.
• Za'a iya canza hasken 1S31. Da taimakon wannan kayan aiki sanya manufa fitarwa, kewayawa, topographic wuri, radiotelekodovaya dangane da dukan tsarin "Cube". Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin (hoton da ke ƙasa) da aka kammala tare da biyu juyawa radar eriya: 1S11 da 1S31.

Suka yi wani madauwari review a 15 rpm. A antennas aka spaced m mitoci. Biyu-hanyar tashoshin rediyo da aka sanye take da radiators, wanda tsari ne guda batu na mai da hankali jirgin sama. Gane, a gane kuma a bi da m manufa na iya zama a nesa na 300 zuwa 70 000 da kuma wani tsawo na 30 zuwa 7,000 mita.

1S91 kai-propelled gun aka located a kan shasi na GM-568. Weight kudi ya 20,3 tons. Crew Management kunshi mutane hudu.

gwajin Sam

A shekarar 1959, anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube" ya wuce ta farko gwajin. A sakamakon wannan aikin da wadannan kasawan da aka gano:

• Air intakes kasance m zane.
• afterburning jam'iyya ya tare da matalauta thermal shãmaki shafi. Wannan shortcoming ne saboda gaskiyar cewa titanium da ake amfani da yi na kyamarori. Bayan gwajin wannan karfe an maye gurbinsu da karfe.

A shekarar 1961, shugaban zanen, tsunduma a cikin ci gaban da "Cuba", an maye gurbinsu. Duk da haka, wannan bai shafi cikin hanzari da aikin don inganta anti-makami mai linzami tsarin. Daga shekarar 1961 zuwa shekarar 1963 83 makamai masu linzami da aka kaddamar. Daga cikin wadannan, kawai uku nasara da jefa. A shekarar 1964, na farko roka dauke da warhead aka saki. Ya aka buga da Il-28, yawo a matsakaici tsawo. Bugu da ari gabatar da sun yi nasara. A sakamakon haka, a 1967 da kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar kwaminis yanke shawarar ya dauko anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube" a cikin makamai na Army. Yana kaddamar da wani aikin da ya halicci model don fitarwa.

Export version na 2K12 "Cube"

Iska tsaro makami mai linzami tsarin, wanda halaye bambanta daga karkashi analogue, aka tattara a cikin shekara ta 1971. Bambance-bambance shafi tsarin da yi ganewa na iska hari.

Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube" ( "Square" - sunan shuke-shuke nufi don fitarwa) an samu ta hanyar sauya matakin kariya da tsangwama, sa shi yiwuwa a rarrabe tsakanin haƙiƙa na jihar m. A fitarwa model ya dace da amfani a yammacin sahara.

Anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube-M1"

Sakamakon aiki a kan zamani a 1973, dauke da makamai Soviet Army ya bayyana wani inganta version - Sam "Cube-M1." Sanya zane inganta sun kumbura da iyakoki da manufa yankunan, ingantattun kariya daga abin da ya ƙunsa kai na daban-daban iri tsangwama, da lokacin da na fara lokacin bai wuce 5 seconds. Eriya na radar aka bayar da kariya daga kufan anti-radar makamai masu linzami.

Ina yin amfani da Sam?

Daga 1967 zuwa 1982, na farko anti-jirgin sama da makami mai linzami tsarin "Cube" da aka yadu fitar dashi zuwa kasashe daban-daban inda akwai aiki tashin. Ba tare da taimakon iska tsaro tsarin a cikin Larabawa da Isra'ila yaki da aka hallaka sojan sama na Isra'ila. A 1999, domin hana kai harin bam na NATO sojojin rayayye yi amfani da wannan hadaddun {asar Yugoslavia. A hasara Sam dauke da ajizanci na ta tashoshin talabijin ba saba dare aiki. A wannan lokaci na rana mafi yawa aikatã game da duka da NATO.

A wannan yanayin, aikin "Cuba" ya m. Nuna da dare iska buga, sojojin {asar Yugoslavia rasa uku Sams.

Yau Sam "Cube" ta shafi Slovakia. Sam qunshi wani kai-propelled shirin mai gabatarwa da kuma uku makamai masu linzami. Wannan gyara ne dauke da mafi m, kuma aka sani da "Cube-M2" a cikin dukan hadaddun jerin.