Antarctic da kuma Arctic hamada: gona halaye da kuma siffofin da ƙasa

Arctic hamada - wata babbar ƙasa, ya rufe tare da glaciers da kuma dusar ƙanƙara, wanda ke tsiro musamman sparse ciyayi. Wannan yanki ne na babban amfani a cikin fahimi, da kimiyya sharuddan. A cikin labarin mai karatu ya sani da iri da kuma kaddarorin kasa Arctic hamada.

Halaye na halitta yanki

Arctic hamada prevalent a Greenland da Canada Arctic tarin tsiburai, wanda ya mamaye mafi yawan su. Cold hamada yanki na rarraba ba iyakance cikinta. Sun mamaye Arctic Ocean, da tsibiran stretch tare da bakin tekun na Eurasia da kuma Antarctica. Arctic hamada sun shagaltar da mafi arewacin Asia da kuma America karkata, su ne na kowa a cikin tsibiran na Arctic tasa.

A sauyin yanayi ne da sanyi winters tsawo da kuma tsanani. Summers ne takaice da kuma sanyi. Yanayi rabo ne matukar - nasaba da iyakacin duniya hunturu, darũruwa da bazara - kwanaki. Arctic hamada zone - da daula ta har abada kankara da dusar ƙanƙara. A lokacin bazara lokaci zuwa rabu da dusar ƙanƙara kankanin yankunan ƙasar. Idan ka tambaye, "Abin da irin ƙasa a cikin Arctic Hamada", amsar ne mai sauki - sũ biyun undeveloped da marshy kuma m. Girma a kan su iya kawai mosses lichens. Tsire-tsire da furanni ne musamman rare.

Gona da iri Arctic hamada

Halitta yankunan daga iyakacin duniya zuwa ekweita maye gurbin juna, daidai da, ƙasa iri bambanta ma. Wannan labarin ya tattauna da Arctic hamada ƙasa wadda aka kafa, a matsananci yanayin da sosai low yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu.

Yana ba da m yanayin damina da Arctic jeji. Gona da iri, bi da bi, ba su sãɓã ba bambancin. Babban gona da irin, a fannin - wannan ne Arctic. Sun kasu kashi subtypes: hamada-Arctic kuma Arctic hankula. Yadda iko so gona profile, dangane da zurfin thawing a ba kakar. A cikin ƙasa sãsanni rabu da weakly. Idan yanayi na samuwar da ƙasa sun kasance mafi m, da shuka peat sararin sama da aka bayyana sosai, ko da yake humus - mafi sharri.

Desert kuma Arctic kasa

Sun riga sun mamaye yankin arewacin na Arctic yankin, da masu hada rabo suna kafa baƙin yumɓu da kuma gravelly adibas. Arctic hamada, inda ƙasa ne mai arziki a cikin gina jiki, yana da sparse ciyayi. A wadannan kasa girma gansakuka, lichens da kuma harben flowering shuke-shuke. Manyan yankunan an rufe tare da mounds na dutse. A surface na hamada ne zuwa kashi polygons manyan fasa, wasu ashirin kamu. Ƙasa low ikon profile (40 santimita), yana da wadannan sãsanni

• A humus Layer. Yana yana da wani yellowish-kasa-kasa launi. humus abun ciki shi ne daya ko biyu bisa dari, loamy, da tsarin ne m granular.
• A mi} a mulki Layer. Capacity ne ashirin zuwa arba'in da santimita. Shafi sararin sama launin ruwan kasa, yellow-kasa-kasa ko blotchy. Loamy, labelaben, kananan lumpy. Ya aka wucewa a kan iyakar thawing.
• Last sararin sama - permafrost kafa da ƙasa ne yashi loam, gravelly, m Layer yawanci haske launin ruwan kasa a launi.

Dukan yankin ne da yawa m zone, da ambaliyar ruwa yankunan da ruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda da ya kwarara daga meltwater na glaciers da snowfields. Saboda haka, daga ƙarƙashinsu da gansakuka za a iya samu fadama kasa. Ga sãsanni sosai dan kadan daban-daban. Babu gleying.

Hankula kasa na Arctic

Ba kawai saukar da rabo, amma kuma babban tudu wakilta Arctic hamada. Gona da iri ba mai girma iri-iri. Desert kasa na Arctic zone yi cu] anya da hankula. A wurin da samuwar su ne babban tudu watershed tudun marine baranda. Located hankula kasa ne yafi a kudancin yankin karkashin cover na gansakuka ciyayi. Akwai yawaita sanyi fasa da shrinkage fasa. A kasa da bakin ciki profile: 40-50 santimita, kuma suna da wadannan sãsanni

• Moss da lichen Layer kauri daga uku da santimita.
• A humus Layer ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa, loamy. A tsarin ne m, granular da lumpy. Halin da porosity, fasa, m m miƙa mulki ga na gaba Layer.
• Dõgẽwa sararin sama mai yawa fashe, loamy, iri-irin tsarin, tare da lumps mai sãɓãwar launukansa a size, yawanci na ruwan kasa launi.
• A karshe Layer - daga iyaye, permafrost, haske launin ruwan kasa. dutse, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa sukan samu.

Abun da ke ciki na hankula ƙasa

The adadin humus a cikin sama sararin sama na kasar gona fiye da, game da takwas bisa dari. Amma ta adadin rage-rage tare da zurfin. By karatu da kaddarorin kasa Arctic hamada, zamu iya cewa da rinjaye na humus ne fulvic acid. A mafi yawan masu ba fulvates, alli humate. Clay barbashi an dauke a cikin wani karamin adadin. A abun da ke ciki na hankula ƙasa shiga cikin m baƙin ƙarfe.

Abin da characterizes ƙasa a cikin Arctic jeji?

Dangane da kankara da cewa yin sama da ƙasa, da dauki matsakaici ne dan kadan acid to dan kadan alkaline. Wani lokacin, kasar gona ya ƙunshi carbonate salts, ruwa mai narkewa. Harsh, inhospitable sauyin yanayi ne Arctic hamada. ƙasa halin da rashi gleying alaka da rashin ruwan sama, cryogenic matakai: karaya, daskare muhawara. Saboda da rinjaye effects na weathering, weathering ɓawon burodi da aka kafa wanda shi ne wajen clastic weakly leached tsarin. Duk wannan na taimaka wa samuwar fasa da polygons dutse tuddai.

Formation na kasar gona ya auku ne kawai a karkashin ciyayi cewa tsiro selectively. Ya dogara da ƙasa yanayi, wetting hali jinsunan. Kadan-san halitta yanki ne Arctic hamada. A kasar gona ne domin mafi girma amfani da masana kimiyya. Bayan duk, a cikin shi akwai ciyayi, wanda ciyar a kan dabbobi. Wadannan kasa suna halin da irin polygonal su vertically raba fasa kafa ta mai tsanani frosts.

Arctic Hamada Rasha

Wannan halitta yanki ne dake a cikin arewacin yankin na kasar mu. Haka kuma, a cikin mafi girman latitud Arctic. Daga kudu shi da iyaka tare da Wrangel Island, a arewa - tare da Frantsa Iosifa Land. Yana da aka hada da tsibirin, peninsulas da kuma Arctic tekuna.

Wannan zone halin da sosai matsananci canjin yanayin, da sakamako daga wanda ya fassara da wani babban latitud, low yanayin zafi da kuma nuna daga snow da kuma kankara zafi. A lokacin rani ne sanyi da kuma gajeren. Winter ne tsawo, tare da tsananin iska, snowstorms da kuma hazo. Glaciers rufe fiye da tamanin da biyar bisa dari na ƙasa.

Arctic hamada gona a Rasha undeveloped. A mahimmin juzu'in da surface ne shagaltar da scatterings na duwatsu da kuma har abada glaciers. Mafi na kowa irin gona ne Arctic tundra kasa. A kasar gona profile ne halin manyan iya aiki, dangane da thawing na kasar gona shafi. A babba sararin sama kunshi peat.

A Arctic da Antarctic

Wadannan yankunan zauna sararin yankunan. Arctic - a arewacin iyakacin duniya yankin, da kuma Antarctica (ɓangaren duniya Antarctica) - a cikin ta Kudu. Bã su da wani yawa a cikin na kowa: matsananci sanyi, har abada glaciers, alternating iyakacin duniya kwana da dare. Amma akwai bambance-bambance. Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne cewa cibiyar na Arctic ne a cikin teku, da kuma Antarctica - a kasar. Bã su da wani rarrabe: madawwami glaciers da kuma kwance snow kusan duk shekara - shi ke Arctic da Antarctic hamada.

Wadannan bangarori ne na bakin ciki ƙasa, humus Layer ne matalauta a humus. A kasa na Antarctica, ko da yake a sosai adadi kaɗan, amma har yanzu na'am da kwayoyin halitta. Sun kawo tsuntsaye da kuma like ciyar a kan marine kwayoyin. Rauni da ciyayi kunshi lichens, mosses, algae da kuma rare flowering shuke-shuke.

Arctic hamada ƙasa surface halin a cewa akwai wani jari na salts. A surface, sau da yawa aiki efflorescence. A lokacin rani akwai hijirarsa na salts, don haka samuwar kananan ruwan zartsi tabkuna a nan shi ne ba nadiri.