American submarines: jerin. Ayyukan nukiliya submarines

The sojojin ruwa na kowace ƙasa - shi ne mai iko inji na geopolitical dakile. A submarine rundunar motoci, da su gaban rinjayar da dangantakar kasa da kasa da kuma Ɗaukaka da rikice-rikice. Idan a cikin XIX karni, kasar Birtaniya a tsare iyakar gefen ta soja frigates, a cikin XX karni na duniya tekuna shugaban zama da sojojin ruwa na United States of America. Kuma American submarines sun taka rawa.

muhimmancin gaske

Submarine rundunar samun for America ƙara zama muhimmanci. Tarihi, kasar da aka iyakance ta da iyakoki da ruwa, yi wuya su kai farmaki makiya gefen. Da zuwan a duniya na zamani karkashin ruwa submarines da kuma makamai masu linzami "submarine - iska", wadannan iyakoki da aka ƙara zama damuwa for America.

Aggravated adawa na dangantakar kasa da kasa da kasashen musulmi da ke sa wata barazana ga rayuwar jama'a of America real. Iran Islamists ba watsi da yunkurin don saya da makamai masu linzami "submarine - iska", kuma shi ne mai barazana ga dukkan bakin teku cibiyoyin Amirka. Kuma a cikin wannan harka, da halaka zai zama babba. Tsayayya hari riga daga ruwa zai iya zama wannan abokin gaba.

A halin yanzu shugaban kasar Amurka Donald trump a cikin ta farko hira ce cewa ya yi niyyar kara ƙara da Amurka submarine jiragen ruwa. Amma a karkashin wani yanayin - rage ta kudin. Wannan shi ne wani abu daraja tunanin hukumomi cewa gina makaman nukiliya Amurka submarines. The m ne riga akwai. Bayan Donald trump ce cewa roko ga Boeing Company ga samar da rahusa jirgin saman soja, Lockheed Martin kamfanin ya rage farashin daga cikin jirgin saman soja F -35.

yaki da ƙarfi

Yau, da Amurka submarine jiragen ne yawanci atomic makamashi. Wannan yana nufin cewa a dauke da fitar da gudanar da fama iyawa za a iyakance kawai ga adadin abinci da ruwa a kan jirgin. A mafi yawa aji submarines "Los Angeles." Wannan uku-tsara jiragen tare da korar game 7 ton, ruwa zurfin har zuwa 300 mita da kuma kudin game da $ 1 da miliyan. A halin yanzu, duk da haka, Amurka maye gurbin su da jiragen tsara ta huɗu na "Virginia" aji, mafi alhẽri sanye take da daraja $ 2.7 miliyan. Kuma wannan farashin da aka kubutar ta wurin live yi.

effectives

Yau, da Amurka Navy ne manyan da lambar, da kuma a kan equipping da sojan ruwa da makamai. A sojan ruwa sojojin na Amurka kunshi 14 dabarun nukiliya submarines da 58 hari submarines.

Amurka soja submarine rundunar sanye take da iri biyu submarines:

• Ocean ballistic jirgin ruwan. Deep-tẽku submarine, da burin da makamai isarwa zuwa ga makõma da batun na ballistic makamai masu linzami. A wasu kalmomin, aka kira su da dabarun. Makamin kare ba a wakilta wani karfi firepower.
• "Jiragen - dayansu." High-gudun jirgin, a raga, kuma manufofin da suke m: shipping cruise da makamai masu linzami da kuma wanzar da zaman lafiya sojojin a cikin rikici zone, walƙiya hari, kuma ya halaka makiya sojojin. Irin wannan submarines kira multifunctional. su bayani dalla-dalla - gudun, maneuverability da stealth.

Fara na ci gaba karkashin ruwa kewayawa a Amurka ta fara a tsakiyar karni na karshe. A girma daga cikin labarin ba bayar da shawarar irin wannan wani tsararru na bayanai. Mun mayar da hankali a kan makaman nukiliya arsenal, wanda aka ɓullo da bayan yakin duniya na biyu. An bayyani na karkashin ruwa nukiliya arsenal na Armed Forces of America za su gudanar, manne ga na shekara-shekara manufa.

A farko gwaji nukiliya

A Connecticut masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a Groton a Janairu 1954 da aka kaddamar na farko American submarine "Nautilus» (USS Nautilus) tare da kawar da na game da 4 ton miliyan da kuma tsawon mita 100. Ta zo a farko tafiya ta cikin shekara. Shi ne "Nautilus" a 1958. A farko da aka gudanar a karkashin ruwa a Arewa iyakacin duniya cewa kusan cika a bala'i - da rashin lafiya na periscope wata gazawar da kewayawa tsarin. Yana da aka gwaji da kawai Multi-manufa torpedo jirgin ruwan da Sonar kafuwa a baka, da kuma torpedoes da kuma a baya. A submarine "Barracuda" (1949-1950) ya nuna wani wuri daga cikin mafi nasara.

Nukiliya Amurka submarines zuwan zamar masa dole sojan ruwa m, Rear Admiral Hyman George Rickover (1900-1986).

Wadannan matukin jirgin aikin da aka da USS Seawolf (SSN-575), kuma saki a guda kofi a shekarar 1957. Yana da wani reactor da ruwa karfe matsayin coolant a farko madauki reactor.

A farko samar da makaman nukiliya

A jerin hudu submarines gina a 1956-1957, - "Manta» (USS Manta). Sun kasance wani ɓangare na Amurka sojoji da aka rubuta kashe a cikin marigayi 80-ies karni na karshe.

A jerin shida jiragen - «Skipjack» (1959). Har shekarar 1964, wannan ne mafi girma a jerin. Jirage da "albakorovskuyu" jiki siffar kuma mafi girma kudi na har zuwa jerin "Los Angeles".

A daidai wannan lokaci (1959-1961) fara jerin musamman nukiliya submarines a yawan biyar - "Dzhordzh Vashington." Wannan shi ne na farko ballistic jirgin ruwan aikin. Kowane jirgin 16 silos ga makamai masu linzami da Polaris A-1. harbi daidaito ƙãra hygroscopic tabbatar da dorewar, sau biyar rage amplitude a zurfin 50 mita.

Wannan ya biyo ta ayyukan nukiliya submarines a kan wani guda misali na wani gwaji jerin Triton, Halibut, Tullibe. American zanen kaya sun gudanar da wani gwaji da kuma kyautata tsarin kewayawa da ikon da tsarin.

A manyan jerin multipurpose jirgin, ya maye gurbin Skipjack, kunshi 14 nukiliya submarines Treaher.Poslednyaya aka soke zama a shekarar 1996.

Series Benjamin Franklin - submarines SSBNs "Lafayette". A farko suka dauke da makamai ballistic makamai masu linzami. A cikin 70s rearmed tare da makamai masu linzami "Poseidon" sa'an nan "Trident-1." Goma sha biyu jiragen Series Benjamin Franklin shiga cikin rundunar dabarun submarines a shekarun 1960s, da ake kira "41 kan tsaron 'yanci." Duk da jiragen ruwa na rundunar motoci da aka mai suna bayan Figures a tarihin {asar Amirka.

The most jerin - USS Sturgeon - multipurpose nukiliya submarines hada da 37 submarines, halitta, a cikin tsawon 1871 zuwa 1987. A rarrabe - low amo matakin da na'urori masu auna sigina na kankara sailing.

Jiragen hidima a Amurka Navy

Daga shekarar 1976 zuwa shekarar 1996, equipping da Navy sanya multipurpose submarines rubuta Los Angeles. Total samar 62 jiragen a cikin wannan jerin, wannan ne mafi girma a jerin Multi-manufa submarines. Makamai torpedoes kuma a tsaye launchers jifa "Tomahawk" da abin da ya ƙunsa tsarin. Nine Los Angeles-aji jiragen dauki bangare a cikin Gulf War. Reactors GE PWR S6G 26 MW ci gaba da "General Electric". Shi ne tare da wannan jerin fara wani hadisin suna da sunayen da jiragen garuruwan Amirka. Yau, a matsayin wani bangare na Amurka Navy 40 jiragen wannan aji suna fama da sabis.

A jerin dabarun nukiliya submarines, bayar daga 1881 zuwa 1997, ya kunshi 18 submarines da ballistic makamai masu linzami kan jirgin - jerin "Ohio". A submarine ne dauke da makamai tare da wannan jerin 24 intercontinental ballistic makamai masu linzami tare da mutum shiriya. Domin kariya, suna dauke da makamai hudu torpedo shambura. "Ohio" - da submarine, wanda shi ne tushen m sojojin na Amurka Navy, 60% na lokaci da yake a teku.

The latest aikin na nukiliya submarines tsara ta uku da Multi-manufa "Seawolf" (1998-1999). Wannan shi ne sirrin aikin na Amurka Navy. Sai aka kira shi "an inganta Los Angeles" ga wani musamman shiru. Ya bayyana kuma ya bace da kada a gane shi radars. Dalili - musamman sauti insulating shafi, gazawar da dunƙule a cikin ni'imar da jet engine irin da fadi da gabatarwar amo masu auna sigina. Formation gudun 20 kullin, sa shi m guda a matsayin "Los Angeles", wanda tsaye a kan kwata. All jiragen wannan jerin uku "Seawolf", "CT" da "Dzhimmi Karter". A karshen aka kaddamar a shekarar 2005, da kuma cewa wannan jirgin ruwan iko da terminator a cikin kakar wasanni ta biyu na talabijin jerin "Terminator: The Sarah Connor Tarihi." Wannan sake tabbatar da dama yanayi na wadannan jirage biyu bayyanar da abun ciki. "Dzhimmi Karter" kuma ake kira da "fari giwa" daga cikin Subs domin ta size (tsawon na jirgin ruwan 'yan'uwanmu mita 30). Kuma bisa ga halaye , wannan submarine za a iya daukan riga submarines.

Karkashin ruwa latest ƙarni jiragen

Amurka Navy ta nan gaba a karkashin ruwa Shipbuilding fara da 2000 's da kuma ake dangantawa da wani sabon aji USS Virginia aji submarines. A farko jirgin ruwan na wannan aji SSN-744 kaddamar da sa a cikin aiki a 2003.

Submarines na Amurka Navy irin wannan ne ake kira da ma'ajiyar makamai da iko arsenal na kayan aiki, da kuma "manufa Kiyayewa", saboda mafi wuya da kuma m azanci shine tsarin taba shigar a kan submarines.

Tuki a kan gwada da m ruwa na samar da wani atomic engine da makaman nukiliya reactor, wanda aka kiyaye asirin shirin. An sani cewa reactor da aka tsara don wani rayuwa na shekaru 30. A matakin na amo an rage ta hanyar tsarin ware bẽnãye da zamani zane na da ikon block da "silencing" shafi.

Janar yi halaye USS Virginia aji jirgin, wanda a yau izini goma sha uku:

• kudi na har zuwa 34 kullin (64 km / h).
• dipping zurfin har zuwa 448 mita.
• daga 100 zuwa 120 ma'aikatan jirgin.
• Surface hijirar - 7.8 ton.
• wani tsawon mita 200 da nisa daga game da mita 10.
• Makaman nukiliya ikon shuka irin GE S9G.

A cikin duka, da jerin samar da saki na 28 submarine "Virginia" da hankali sauyawa daga cikin Navy ta arsenal a tsara ta huɗu na jiragen.

Jirgin ruwan Mishel Obamy

A watan Agusta a bara a soja masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a Groton (CT) aka kaddamar 13-aji submarine USS Virginia da ƙwanso da lambar SSN -786 da sunan "Illinois» (Illinois). Ya mai suna shi a cikin girmamawa ga 'yan qasar jihar na nan na farko lady Mishel Obamy, wanda ya dauki kashi a kaddamar da ita a watan Oktoba 2015. A baqaqen na farko lady, bisa al'ada, suna wajaba a kan daya daga cikin sassa na submarine.

Nukiliya submarine "Illinois" 115 mita tsawo da kuma 130 ma'aikatan jirgin a kan jirgin sanye take da unmanned karkashin ruwa motocin ga nawa ganewa, ƙofa ga iri iri da sauran ƙarin kayan aiki. Dalilin da submarine gudanar da gabar teku da kuma zurfin teku ayyukan.

Maimakon gargajiya jirgin ruwan periscope telescopic tsarin aiki tare da wani TV kamara, a Laser haska infrared kallo.

Firepower jiragen: 2 shigarwa revolving irin 6 da kuma 12 a tsaye jefa cruise jifa "Tomahawk" da kuma 4 torpedo shambura da kuma 26 torpedoes.

Jimlar kudin da sub - $ 2.7 biliyan.

Da begen soja karkashin ruwa gini

A darajoji na Amurka Navy nace a kan sauka a hankali maye dizal-man fetur submarine jiragen, da kusan babu hani a kan hali na soja - tare da makaman nukiliya propulsion. Tsara ta huɗu nukiliya submarine "Virginia" samar domin a saki 28 submarines wannan aji. A hankali a hankali sauyawa daga cikin arsenal na sojan ruwa sojojin ranar tsara ta huɗu na jiragen za su kara da rating da fama iyawa na US Army.

Amma zane ofisoshin ci gaba da aiki da kuma bayar da su soja ayyukan.

Saukowa American submarines

Secretive saukowa sojojin a kan ƙasa da makiya - cewa manufar duk amphibious ayyukan. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, irin wannan fasaha yiwuwar a Amurka ya bayyana. Ofishin Shipbuilding (Bureau of Ships) ya karbi wani tsari don wani amphibious submarine. Ayyukan yi ya bayyana, amma saukowa sojojin da ba da taimakon kudi, da kuma jiragen ruwa ne ba su da sha'awar da ra'ayin.

Daga tsanani la'akari da ayyukan hada Seaforth Group kamfanin ta aikin, wanda ya bayyana a cikin shekarar 1988. Kamfanin su saukowa submarine S-60 ya shafi zuriya a cikin ruwa a nesa na kilomita 50 daga gaci, nutsewa zuwa zurfin 5 mita. Tare da gudun 5 kullin karkashin ruwa abun yanka kai shoreline Airborne ko ƙasa 60 na retractable gadoji a mita 100 daga bakin gaci. Yayin da aikin babu daya sayi.

AMINCI, lokaci-jarraba

A mafi tsufa submarine a duniya, wanda wannan rana ne a sabis - a submarine "SS 791 Bala Hai Shih" ( «Sea Lion"), mai na biyu na Taiwan Navy. American submarine a yakin duniya na II, gina a masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa Portsmouth Sojan Ruwa masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, a shekarar 1945, kumbura cikin soja submarine da Amurka Navy. Ta yana mai fada yakin neman a watan Agusta na shekarar 1945 a cikin tekun Pacific. Bayan da dama kyautayuwa, a shekarar 1973 ta canja wurin Taiwan da Sin ta zama ta farko da aiki jirgin ruwan.

A Janairu 2017 latsa ruwaito cewa a watanni 18 na shirya tabbatarwa a shipyards Shipbuilding Corporation Taiwan International Shipbuilding Corporation «teku zaki" zai rike wani janar gyara da kuma maye kewayawa kayan aiki. Wadannan ayyuka za su mika submarine ta sabis rayuwa har 2026.

Gogaggen dan Amurka submarine samar, daya daga wani irin, shirin bikin ranar haihuwar eightieth a yaƙi samuwar.

Musamman mai ban tausayi facts

Open da kuma m statistics a kan wadanda suka jikkata da kuma hatsarori a cikin submarine jiragen ruwa na Amurka ya aikata ba. Duk da haka, wannan za a iya ce game da Rasha. Wadanda facts aka sanya jama'a, za a gabatar a wannan babi.

A shekarar 1963 wata biyu-rana gwajin yaƙi ya ƙare tare da mutuwar American submarine "sussuka kuma yă". The hukuma dalilin abkuwar wannan hadari - kwarara daga ruwa a karkashin ƙwanso da jirgin ruwan. Muffled gyaran submarine reactor, kuma ta tafi da zurfin, shan rayuwar 112 ma'aikatan jirgin da kuma 17 fararen hula ne. A tarkacen wani submarine a zurfin 2560 mita. Wannan shi ne na farko fasaha hatsari nukiliya submarine.

A shekarar 1968, a cikin tekun Atlantic bace ba tare da wata alama Multi-manufa nukiliya submarine "Kunama» (USS Kunama). The official version na mutuwa - da harin ammonium. Amma asirin da ya rage wani asiri a yau, da mutuwa da wannan jirgin ruwa. A shekarar 2015, Amurka Navy tsohon soja ya sake kira ga gwamnati da ta kirkiro hukumar gudanar da bincike da ya faru, bayyana adadin wadanda kuma sanin su status.

A shekara ta 1969, da m sinking daga cikin submarine USS Guitarro qazanta da lambar 665. Yana faru a kwata bango kuma a zurfin mita 10. Rashin daidaituwa da kuma rashin kula da kwararru a k kida kai ga ambaliya. Dagawa da tanadi jiragen kudin da Amirka biyan haraji game da miliyan 20 daloli.

Jirgin ruwan aji "Los Angeles", wanda ya dauki kashi a yin fim na "The Hunt for Red Oktoba", May 14, 1989 kusa da bakin tekun na California, kamu mai na USB a haɗa da Tug da baji. Jirgin ruwan kwashe nutse tightening ga wani ja. Yan'uwa na wani tug boat ƙungiya memba wanda ya mutu a wannan rana, ya karbi diyya daga Navy a cikin adadin $ 1.4 miliyan.