Albino - dabba ne mai mahimmanci, amma samuwa a cikin yanayi

Albinism a kimiyya ana kiransa pigmentation, rashin daya daga cikin alade - melanin. Yana, a matsayin mai mulkin, shi ne ainihin. Wannan pigment yana da alhakin canza launin fata, gashi, iris na ido. Akwai wani albinism mai tsayi da cikakken mutum da wasu wakilai na fauna (don a takaice, alal misali, albino-dabba ba shi da cikakke, launi mai laushi). Kalmar ta fito ne daga Latin albus, wanda ke nufin "farar fata".

Dalilin

Masanin kimiyyar da aka koya ta zamani, babban ma'anar wannan abu shine ƙananan (da kuma kullewa) a cikin jiki na wani enzyme na musamman, wanda ke da alhakin kira na melanin. Wannan enzyme ana kiransa tyrosinase. A cikin kwayoyin da ke da alhakin samuwa da sake cikawa, akwai ƙetare daban-daban. A sakamakon haka, babu nau'in halayyar jinsi.

Albinos da melanists

Wannan sabon abu a cikin yanayin rayuwa zai iya bambanta tare da abin da ke faruwa na melanism, lokacin da launin baki a cikin dabbobi yana fitowa ne daga abubuwan da ke ciki na aladun da ke da alhakin shi. Alal misali, akwai alal misali, wani tiger-albino da mai jaguar-melanist (wanda ake kira black panther) a cikin wanda aka saba gani a cikin tsarin jinsi.

Wani irin fauna zai iya zama albinos?

Albino dabba ne wanda zai iya bayyana a tsakanin iri-iri iri-iri. M wannan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Amma akwai albino, tsuntsaye da tsuntsaye tsakanin tsuntsaye, tsakanin masu amphibians - turtles da dabbobi masu rarrafe, wasu masu bincike sun san su. Albinos - a rare dabba, amma kimiyance rubuce ko crocodiles, kamar teku urchins da kuma macizai. Me yanayi na halitta da wadannan wakilan daban-daban jinsunan, ya tauye su na wasu kwayoyin halittu da ya rage wani asiri. Amma hakikanin hujja ce: kimanin kowane wakilai goma ko dubu ashirin ko wannan jinsin daya ne albino.

Gannun gani

Game da idanu na albinos ko abubuwa masu kama da su akwai nau'i-nau'i daban-daban, an tabbatar da wasu bangarori na kimiyya. Kamar yadda suke kawai ba su kira shi: vampires, otherworldly rayuka, da kuma extraterrestrial halittu. Kuma duk saboda albino ne dabba wanda yana da ja ko idanu mai launi. Amma a nan dukkanin kwayoyin halitta sun fi karin bayani fiye da yadda aka fara kallo. A babu launi da pigmentation haske nuna a cikin eyeball gudana ta hanyar jini da ciwon ja launi. Sabili da haka, capillaries suna neman su haskakawa ta hanyar nauyin ido na fata. Saboda haka, "vampire" launi gabobin da yawa albinos data kasance a cikin yanayi.

Tiger-albino

Abin da ake kira "saƙar" mai launi "ba" ba bambance-bambance ne dabam ba. Wannan Bengal damisar da wani nakasar maye gurbi, a baya dauke da wani zabiya. Jirginsa yana da launi mai launi da launin fata da launin ruwan kasa a jiki. Eyes ne blue. Wannan launi na asali na dabba ya haifar da halittar a zamanin d ¯ a da labaru da labaru tare da sa hannu. Duk da haka, ba abin mamaki ba, an kwatanta shi a kimiyyar kimiyya a karo na farko kawai a shekara ta 1951. Yana da zafi don ganewa, amma a farkon shekara ta 1958 an kashe jigon fararen fata wanda aka gani a cikin daji. Kuma duk sauran mutane - game da 130 - ana sa su a cikin garuruwa, a wuraren shakatawa da zoos. Daga cikin wadannan, fiye da mutum ɗari - a Indiya. Bisa ga bayanan kimiyyar zamani, jigon fararen fata ba cikakke ba ne (in ba haka ba launi zai kasance ba tare da makamai ba, mai tsabta mai tsabta). Wannan launi yana haifar da ci gaban kwayoyin halitta.

Alamar albino

Akwai ra'ayi, na kowa a tsakanin masu shayarwa da yawa, cewa wadannan ratsi suna da nau'i na musamman da kuma jinsin dabbobin gida, suna buƙatar ƙarawa da hankali. Har ila yau, shaidun waɗanda suke riƙe da dabba mai launin fari mai dusar ƙanƙara da idanuwan vampirenha suna goyan bayan shi. A gaskiya, babu wani abu na musamman game da alharin albino. Kamar rasa melanin pigment, kamar yadda a cikin sauran dabbobin da basu dace da wannan lahani ba. Kuma gaskiyar cewa berayen suna da hankali, saboda haka ba ya dogara akan launi. Saboda haka, a lokacin da dasa shuki mai yalwa, ya kamata a bi da shi kamar ɗan gida na gida: ciyar da abinci guda ɗaya, kulawa kamar yadda aka ba da shawarar ga wannan nau'in. A hanya, kusan abu ne kawai da za a yi la'akari shi ne cewa albinos suna da hangen nesa dan kadan fiye da sauran ratsan "al'ada". Saboda haka, wajibi ne a kula da hankali idan dabba bai ga abincin ba ko kuma ba zai iya kusanci tarin ruwa ba. Wannan kuskuren dole ne ya kamata a ƙara kallo sosai.