Abin da yanayi ne na oxides

Bari mu magana game da yadda za a tantance yanayin da oxide. Don fara da, cewa duk abubuwa za a iya subdivided cikin kungiyoyin biyu: sauki da kuma hadaddun. Simple abubuwa kasu karafa da kuma nonmetals. Complex mahadi kasu kashi hudu azuzuwan: kwasfa, oxides, salts, acid.

definition

Tun da yanayin da oxides shi ne dogara a kan abun da ke ciki, to za a fara da definition ba wannan aji na inorganic abubuwa. Oxides ne hadaddun abubuwa da kunshi biyu abubuwa. A peculiarity da cewa oxygen ne ko da yaushe dake a cikin da'awar biyu (na karshe) kashi.

Mafi na kowa daya ne dauke da hulda da oxygen da sauki abubuwa (karafa, nonmetals). Alal misali, hulda da magnesium da oxygen da aka kafa na magnesium oxide exhibiting asali Properties.

nomenclature

Character oxides dogara a kan abun da ke ciki. Akwai wasu sharudda da kiran wadannan abubuwa.

Idan da karfe oxide da aka kafa ta da babban subgroups valency ba a nuna. Alal misali, alli oxide Cao. Idan a cikin mahadi na farko karfe ne irin wannan subgroup, wanda yana da wani m valence, dole ne a nuna ta da wani Roman adadi. Aka sanya bayan da fili sunan shi cikin baka biyu. Alal misali, akwai baƙin ƙarfe oxides (2) da kuma (3). Yin dabara oxides, shi ya kamata a tuna da cewa adadin hadawan abu da iskar shaka da shi dole ne sifili.

rarrabuwa

Ka yi la'akari da yadda halin oxides dogara a kan mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Metals da ciwon wani hadawan abu da iskar shaka yawan +1 +2 kuma, samar da muhimman oxides tare da oxygen. A takamaiman alama na wadannan mahadi shi ne ainihin yanayin da oxides. Wadannan mahadi chemically amsa tare da gishiri-kafa oxides na ba-karafa, forming salts da su. Har ila yau, ainihin oxides amsa tare da wani acid. A dauki samfurin dogara a kan fara kayan da aka dauka a abin da yawa.

Non-karafa da karafa da hadawan abu da iskar shaka +4 zuwa +7, samar da oxides tare da oxygen acid. Character oxides ya shafi dauki tare da wani tushe (Alkali). A sakamakon hulda dogara a kan yadda yawa asali Alkali da aka dauka. A da shortcomings a matsayin dauki samfurin kafa ta acid gishiri. Alal misali, a dauki na carbon monoxide (4) tare da sodium hydroxide kafa sodium hydrogencarbonate (acidic gishiri).

Idan akwai wani hulda da wani acid tare da wani wuce haddi na oxide dauki samfurin da wani Alkali gishiri zai nufi (sodium carbonate). Character acidic oxides dogara a kan mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

Sun kasu kashi da gishiri-kafa oxides (a cikin abin da mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka daga cikin kashi ne daidaita da kungiyar yawan) kazalika da sha'aninsu dabam oxides ba su iya kafa salts.

amphoteric oxides

Akwai ma kaddarorin da amphoteric hali na oxides. Its ainihi ta'allaka ne da hulda da wadannan mahadi da acid da kuma alkalis. Abin da oxides nuna dual (amphoteric) Properties? Wadannan sun hada da binary karfe fili da wani hadawan abu da iskar shaka da lambar +3, kuma oxides na beryllium, tutiya.

Hanyar ga shirye-shiryen

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban domin samar da oxides. Mafi na kowa daya ne dauke da hulda da oxygen da sauki abubuwa (karafa, nonmetals). Alal misali, kafa ta dauki na magnesium da oxygen, magnesium oxide, exhibiting asali Properties.

Har ila yau, samun oxides iya zama hadaddun da hulda da abubuwa da kwayoyin oxygen. Alal misali, a lokacin konewa na pyrite (iron sulfide 2) za a iya samu kai tsaye biyu oxides: sulfur da na baƙin ƙarfe.

Wani zabin dauke samu oxides gishiri bazuwar dauki na oxygen-dauke acid. Alal misali, bazuwar na alli carbonate za a iya shirya carbon dioxide da alli oxide (sauri lemun tsami).

The asali da kuma amphoteric oxides aka kafa a lokacin bazuwar na insoluble sansanonin. Alal misali, calcination na baƙin ƙarfe hydroxide (3) aka kafa na baƙin ƙarfe oxide (3), kazalika da ruwa tururi.

ƙarshe

Oxides ne mai aji na inorganic abubuwa da ciwon da fadi da masana'antu aikace-aikace. Suna amfani a yi masana'antu, Pharmaceutical masana'antu, magani.

Bugu da kari, amphoteric oxides sukan yi amfani da kwayoyin kira a matsayin catalysts (accelerators na sunadarai matakai).