A tarihin da kuma manufar caricature: abin da yake na gargajiya da kuma na zamani caricature?

Caricature (fassara daga Italian) na nufin wani ƙari. Kusa da shi da salo ne mai caricature, da grotesque da karan ɗori.

Majigin yara: abin da yake da shi?

Art ne kullum canja, akwai sabon da kuma sabon in da siffar. Caricature - shi ne quite dogon-tsaye Genre zanen. Art masana tarihi sani biyu daga cikin mafi muhimman Concepts, wanda za a iya bayyana Genre:

1. A m hoto a wanda wani funny sakamako aka samu ta hanyar ƙaruwa da kaifafa da asali fasali, da kuma yin amfani da sabon abu m dabaru, similes da kwatancen.

2. Salo graphics, wanda a wani satirical hanyar fa, tã yi gagarumin zaman jama'a, na siyasa, abubuwan tarihin da ko bayyana wani irin mutane.

Bayan samu amsar wannan tambaya: "Ha - cewa shi ne," zai zama da ban sha'awa sosai ga sani da tarihi da asalin wannan art shugabanci. Kuma shi ya samo asali da dadewa.

Caricature tun zamanin da aka dauke mai matukar tasiri hanyar yin ba'a da abokin adawarsa, nuna rubutu ta shortcomings. Bugu da kari, shi nuna ainihin matsalolin da al'umma.

An sani cewa Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon Bonaparte nacewa ƙi Faransa majigin yara da cewa wakilta shi a matsayin Dwarf a babban uku-cornered hat. Mikhail Kutuzov kwamandan a manyan sojoji ko da umurni halittar wani Mas'ala na ma'aikatan da hannu a cikin halittar zane, kuma anã izgili Harshen Kosikan.

Majigin a pre-neman sauyi Rasha

A kasar mu duk da sabon trends sun al'ada zo daga kasashen Turai. A cikin karni na 19th Rasha aristocracy zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga Genre na art, kamar Faransa caricature. A ci gaba da wannan salo da aka sosai a hankali kõre da mai walƙiya da aikin jarida. Da farko da aka buga a jaridu funny zane, da kuma a karkashin su kara bayani daga abin da ne wanda aka nuna a cikin zane mai ban dariya. Daga baya bukatar sa hannu bace. jawo dabara ake samun mafi alheri kuma an ba da ake bukata domin kara bayyana abin da ma'ana shi daukawa. Duk da haka, da tsarist katsalandan nuna tsananin iko a kan majigin yara ci gaba. Mene ne dubawa da hukumomi, babu bukatar mu bayyana. Duk wani image cewa bureaucrats ji barazanar da siyasa domin, ba a yarda a buga su. Duk da haka, ci gaban da majigin yara a matsayin Genre ya riga unstoppable. A mafi harbin image kuma ya zarce daga hannu da hannu, kuma ko da repainted.

Amma da hukuma kuma ɓullo da wani caricature. Mutane da yawa tsanani wallafe janye m sassan dukan shafukan. Mafi sau da yawa caricatures ba zai shafi latsa zamantakewa da siyasa da matsaloli, da kuma wakilci m artists, kananan sana'a da kuma thieving bureaucrats. Akwai ma sun kasance Popular majigin yara da kuma cewa zama na banza embodiment tsegumi sau da yawa ba shi da tushe. Saboda haka, caricatures na mata kadi a mukaddashin da'irori, ya kawo karshe yawa abubuwan.

A tsakiyar karni na 19th zo na farko Rasha mujallar satire "saida kaya" ta wallafa gidan daga cikin shahararrun artist Nevakhovich, wanda shi ne sau da yawa kanta halitta zane ga dakuna.

A zane mai ban dariya a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

A cikin Tarayyar Soviet duk duniyoyin rayuwa, ciki har da art, aka subordinated zuwa daya burin - don su yi yaƙi da waje maƙiyi, tsarin jari-hujja, da kuma halin kirki halin kaka na gina gurguzanci. Babban batutuwa ga majigin yara ya zama da buguwa, lalaci, parasitism, hooliganism. Wadannan halaye an daidaita, izgili a rare mujallu da jaridu. Amma, kamar yadda a wani totalitarian gwamnatin, akwai kuma shugabanci na cikin karkashin kasa majigin yara. Menene zagi da iko, yin katsalandan, da arbitrariness na gida jami'an da ajizanci na sabon tsarin siyasa - Waɗannan su ne tambayoyin da artists yi kokarin amsa tare da taimakon caustic zane.

zamani majigin yara

Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet ta ruguje, ba dole da kuma duk da-fita katsalandan. Yanzu kusan duk zaren da aka bude. Amma mafi mashahuri sun siyasa majigin yara. Caricatures na zamani da kuma jami'an hukumar jama'a Figures sun cika a duk kafofin watsa labarai. Musamman m na artists ga zama abin ƙyãma image Vladimira Zhirinovskogo. Kuma ya kusantar majigin ga sabon batutuwa: laifi, oligarchs, sabon ra'ayi kan gwagwarmayar siyasa. Yanzu sun za a iya samu a yanar-gizo.

zanen Museum

Kowane salo na art cancanci nutsu ya mutum nuni. Saboda haka, "The Merry tsani" gidan kayan gargajiya na ci mutumci da aka bude a Voronezh a shekarar 2011. Its kafa wani m cartoonist Ivan Anchukov. A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya akwai m nune-nunen, da kuma bango a wadda sanya su aikin da kowa da kowa matasa da kuma talented artists. A nan gaba, I. Anchukov shirin bude wata makaranta majigin yara. Museum baƙi za su son archives, wanda riko da zane-zane daga lokuta daban-daban, posters, m hanya ãyõyi, T-shirts da t-shirts da funny pictures, funny gaisuwa cards, kazalika da musamman marubucin almara. Museum Mahaliccin yi cikinsa, kuma da aiwatar da shirin asali chessboard tare da wani caricature a kan shi.