A lakã, da aortic rassan: description da kuma hotuna

Lakã - mafi girma a jirgin ruwa na jikin mutum da ya kawo jini daga hagu ventricle kuma shi ne farkon da na tsari dabam dabam.

A lakã gano wani yawan sassan:

• zuwa sama (pars ascendens aortae) rabu.
• Arm da kuma rassan da aortic baka.
• downward (pars descendens aortae) sashen, wanda, bi da bi, ya kasu cikin thoracic da kuma na ciki sassa.

Aortic baka da kuma rassansa

1. Truncus brachiocephalicus rassan daga aortic baka ga guringuntsi a 2nd dama baki. A gaban shi ne dama brachiocephalic Vienna, da kuma a baya - cikin trachea. Bayan sallama na brachiocephalic akwati da ke hawa, kuma ga dama, ba a kusa da sternoclavicular hadin gwiwa dama biyu rassan: subclavian da dama na kowa carotid jijiya dama.
2. Common carotid jijiya (hagu) - daya daga cikin rassan da aortic baka. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan reshe ne fiye da na kowa carotid jijiya dama 20-25 millimeters. jijiya hanyar gudanar a baya da scapula, sublingual da sternoclavicular-mastoid tsoka, sa'an nan har da mai gangara matakai na mahaifa vertebrae. Waje da jirgin ruwa akwai da vagus jijiya da kuma lakar (ciki) Vienna, shi kwanta ya juya daga tsakiya daga cikin esophagus, trachea, pharynx, maƙogwaro, thyroid da parathyroid gland shine yake. A thyroid guringuntsi area (wani babba rabo) na kowane da na kowa carotid arteries ba ciki da waje carotid arteries da cewa suna da kamar daidai diameters. Place kira division jijiya bifurcation, a wannan lokaci ma ya ta'allaka intercarotid glomerulus (barci chromaffin jiki, carotid ƙarfe) - ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin da girma na 1.5 x 2.5 mm, wanda aka bayar da wani jam'i na chemoreceptors da capillary cibiyar sadarwa. A cikin yankin na cikin matsanancin sallama na carotid jijiya yana da kananan tsawo, da ake kira carotid sinus.
3. External carotid jijiya ne daya daga cikin biyu m rassan kowa carotid jijiya. Yana rassan kashe daga karshe a wani barci yankin na alwatika (da babba baki na thyroid guringuntsi). Da farko, shi ne located kawai tsakiya zuwa ciki carotid jijiya, sa'an nan a kaikaice to shi. An fara waje carotid jijiya ta'allaka karkashin sternocleidomastoid tsoka, kuma somnolence alwatika yanki - subcutaneous tsoka a cikin wuyansa, kuma mahaifa fascia (ta farantin surface). Located juya daga tsakiya daga digastric (ta na baya ciki) da kuma stylohyoid, carotid (m) jijiya a cikin wuyansa yanki na mandibula (mull parotid gland shine yake) ne zuwa kashi biyu daga m rassan: da maxillary da kuma na waje boko jijiya. Haka kuma, a ta m atria carotid Hakika bada Yunƙurin zuwa wani yawan rassan: da gaban kungiyar - gaban, saman da lingual thyroid jijiya, na baya kungiyar - na baya kunne, occipital da clavisternomastoid jijiya da kuma kara zuwa tsakiyar hawa pharyngeal jijiya.

Da rassan da thoracic lakã

Wannan kashi, kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, wani bangare ne na sauko masa lakã. An located in da na baya mediastinum, ya wuce ta kashin baya shafi. Da rassan da thoracic lakã aka gabatar a biyu kungiyoyin: da parietal da visceral (visceral).

visceral rassan

Visceral rassan da lakã aka wakilta da wadannan kungiyoyin:

1. Bronchial rassan (2-4 guda). An fara daga gaban bango na lakã a yankin na wani reshe na intercostal arteries uku. Shigar da ƙofofin biyu huhu, intrabronchial kafa jijiya cibiyar sadarwa samar da da bronchi, connective nama samuwar (firam) daga cikin huhu, da esophagus, da pericardium, da na huhu bango tasoshin (jijiyoyinmu kuma arteries). A huhu nama Bronchial rassan kafa anastomoses tare da rassan da na huhu jijiyoyi.
2. Esophageal rassan (3-4 guda). Shin game 1.5 dyne cm, da kuma ƙarasa a ganuwar da esophagus (ya thoracic kashi). Wadannan rassan fara daga thoracic lakã a yankin na 4-8 thoracic vertebrae. Anastomoses kafa tare da diaphragmatic babba, m kuma na sama thyroid, mediastinal arteries, kazalika da hagu jijiyoyin zuciya jijiya daga cikin zuciya.
3. Mediastinal rassan (mediastinal) za su iya samun dama masauki, impermanent. Sau da yawa zo a matsayin wani ɓangare na pericardial rassan. Jini wadata na fiber za'ayi, kuma mediastinal Lymph nodes raya bango (raya) pericardium. Form anastomoses da sama rassan.
4. Pericardial rassan (1-2 guda), na bakin ciki da kuma gajere. Aortic reshe kashe daga gaban bango, pericardium krovosnabzhaya (ya mayar). Form anastomoses da mediastinal kuma esophageal jijiyoyi.

parietal rassan

1. Diaphragmatic babba jijiya tsawaita daga aortic jini wurare dabam dabam da aka yi pleura da lumbar kashi na lakã. United a anastomoses da diaphragmatic ƙananan, da ciki thoracic da ƙananan intercostal jijiyoyi.
2. Intercostal arteries raya (10 nau'i-nau'i) reshe kashe daga aortic bango da kuma raya bi 3-11 intercostal sarari. A karshe biyu kara karkashin haƙarƙari 12 (Ina nufin, mai subcostal) da kuma shiga cikin anastomosis da lumbar jijiya rassan. A farko da na biyu intercostal sarari samar da da subclavian jijiya. Intercostal dama jijiya ne dan kadan fiye da hagu da kuma tafi karkashin costal pleura har sasanninta, ana located posteriorly na na baya mediastinum, wucewa kusa gaban saman na vertebral jikinsu. A haƙarƙari shugabannin intercostal arteries tashi dorsal rassan da tsokoki da kuma fata na baya, zuwa cikin laka (ciki har da kubensa) da kuma kashin baya. Daga haƙarƙari kusassari arteries ne tsakanin ciki da kuma na waje intercostal tsokoki, kwanta a costal tsagi. A arteries cikin 8th intercostal sarari da kuma a kasa da shi karya karkashin Game da baki, reshe cikin kaikaice rassan da tsokoki da kuma fata na a kaikaice rabo daga cikin kirji, da kuma bayan kafa anastomoses da intercostal agara rassan da thoracic (ciki) jijiya. 4-6 intercostal jijiya rassan ba da nono. Intercostal arteries samar jini zuwa sama da kirji, da kuma uku ƙananan - da diaphragm da kuma na ciki bango (gaban). The uku dama intercostal jijiya aika wani twig da ke dama bronchus, kuma daga 1-5 x intercostal arteries mika rassan cewa samar jini zuwa hagu bronchus. 3-6 ga watan intercostal jijiya ba Yunƙurin zuwa esophageal jijiyoyi.

ciki lakã rassan

Ciki kashi na lakã - da ci gaba da ta kirji part. Yana farawa daga matakin na thoracic vertebra 12, ya wuce ta aortic diaphragmatic bude da kuma ƙare a yankin na 4 lumbar vertebra. Ciki ofishinsa dake gaban da lumbar vertebrae, kadan zuwa hagu na tsakãtsaki ce line, shi ne retroperitoneal. Don damansa ya ta'allaka da wani m (ko kasa) na Vienna, a gaban - pancreas, a kwance kashi na duodenum da kananan hanji mesenteric tushen.

parietal rassan

Ware wadannan parietal rassan da ciki lakã:

1. Diaphragmatic ƙananan jijiya (dama da hagu) reshe kashe daga ciki lakã bayan ta fita daga aortic orifice da phrenic bi diaphragm (kasa jirgin sama) fitar da up da kuma kewaye.
2. Lumbar jijiyoyi (4 guda) daga farkon na lakã 4 a cikin kusanci da babba lumbar vertebrae wadata jini ga anterolateral surface na ciki, da laka, da kuma ƙananan baya.
3. Tsakãtsaki ce sacral jijiya tafi daga lakã a yankin na ta rabo a cikin kowa iliac arteries (5 lumbar vertebrae) ya bi pelvic rabo daga sacrum, krovosnabzhaya coccyx, sacrum kuma m. iliopsoas.

visceral rassan

Ware wadannan visceral rassan da ciki lakã:

1. Celiac akwati fãra daga cikin lakã a yankin na 12 thoracic ko lumbar vertebrae 1, diaphragmatic tsakanin ciki kafafu. An kimanta a kan tsakãtsaki ce line saukar daga xiphoid tsari (ta saman). A fannin jiki na pancreas celiac akwati ba rassa uku: bar ciki, hanta da kuma splenic jijiya na kowa. Truncus coeliacus aka kewaye da hasken rana plexus rassan da rufe gaban da parietal peritoneum.
2. Adrenal jijiya talakawan tururi, rassan kashe daga lakã kawai a kasa da celiac akwati da kayayyaki da adrenal gland shine yake.
3. Upper mesenteric jijiya rassan kashe lakã a yankin na 1st lumbar vertebra, na baya zuwa pancreas. Yana nan ya wuce ta duodenum (gaban farfajiya) da kuma aika rassan da duodenum da kuma pancreas, wadannan tushen tsakanin zanen gado mesenteric kananan hanji, ya ba da wani bakin ciki twigs for perfusion da ciwon (gefen dama) da hanjinsu.
4. Koda arteries Kwatsam daga 1st lumbar vertebra. Wadannan jijiyoyi ba Yunƙurin zuwa ƙananan adrenal jijiyoyi.
5. Ovarian jijiya (golaye) mika kawai a kasa da na koda jijiyoyi. Wucewa na baya zuwa parietal peritoneum, ƙetare ureters, kuma bayan da waje iliac jijiya. A mata, ovarian jijiya ta cikin jijiya da cewa ya dakatar da kwai, an aiko da fallopian shambura da kuma ovaries, da kuma maza - a cikin ɓangare na spermatic igiya ta inguinal canal faruwa ga golaye.
6. Jijiya na baya mesenteric rassan a cikin ƙananan uku na ciki lakã a yankin na 3 lumbar vertebra. Wannan jijiya SUPPLiES da ciwon (hagu part).

atherosclerosis na lakã

Atherosclerosis na lakã da kuma rassansa - a Pathology cewa halin da girma da plaques a cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini lumen, wanda baya kaiwa zuwa wani takaita na lumen da kuma samuwar jini clots.

Tamkar Pathology ne rashin daidaituwa a cikin rabo na sia kasarun adadi, zuwa ga karuwa da cholesterol, wanda aka ajiye a matsayin plaques na lakã da aortic rassan.

M dalilai sun hada da shan taba, da ciwon sukari, gadar hali, rashin motsa jiki.

bayyananen na atherosclerosis

Popular sau da yawa, atherosclerosis auku ba tare da bayyane cututtuka, wanda shi ne saboda da manyan size na lakã (kazalika da sassan, rassan da lakã), ci gaban tsoka da kuma na roba zaruruwa. A ci gaba da plaque take kaiwa zuwa overloading na zuciya, wanda bayyana kanta tare da matsa lamba surges, gajiya, zuciya palpitations.

Tare da ci gaban da cutar aiwatar kara zuwa aortic baka rassan nisa da tushe da kuma cirewa sassan, ciki har da jijiyoyi da cewa ciyad da zuciya. A wannan yanayin, ka fuskanci wadannan cututtuka: angina pectoris (kirji zafi da aka ba a kafada ruwa ko hannu, shortness na numfashi), narkewa kamar cuta, kuma koda aiki, jini tsalle, sanyi extremities, juwa ko jiri, ciwon kai, m rufe da mãgãgi, mãsu rauni a cikin makamai.