A ƙarfi daga nauyi: halaye da kuma m muhimmanci

XVI - XVII karni, da yawa na gaskiya, ya kira daya daga cikin mafi daraja lokaci a cikin tarihi na kimiyyar lissafi. Yana da aka a wannan lokaci da aka fi mayar da aza harsashin ginin, ba tare da wanda kara ci gaba da wannan kimiyya, dã mun kasance kawai sawwaƙe. Samman, Galileo, Kepler aikata babban aiki da zai ce game kimiyyar lissafi a matsayin kimiyya da za su iya amsa kusan duk wani tambaya. Kadai a cikin dukan jerin binciken da daraja dokar nauyi, da karshe wording na wanda mallakar da shahararren masanin kimiyya English Isaac Newton.

Babban darajar da aikin na masana kimiyya ba a samu na gravitational karfi - gaban wannan girma da Newton ya ce, da Galileo, kuma Kepler, da kuma cewa shi ne na farko ya tabbatar da cewa duniya, da kuma raba aiki a matsanancin sarari hulda karfi tsakanin jikinsu.

Newton ya tabbatar a aikace da rubuce substantiated da cewa cikakken duk jikin a cikin sararin samaniya, ciki har da wadanda suke a cikin ƙasa, hulɗa tare da juna. Wannan hulda da aka kira nauyi, yayin aiwatar da duniya gravitation - gravitation.
Wannan hulda auku tsakanin gawarwakin domin akwai na musamman, sabanin wani irin al'amari, wanda a kimiyya da aka kira wani gravitational filin. Wannan filin wanzu da kuma aiki gaba daya a kusa da wani abu, ba tare da wani kariya da shi ba ya wanzu, kamar yadda yana da kõme ba a kamar wani ikon shiga da kayan.

A karfi na nauyi, da definition da wording wanda ya ba Isaak Nyuton, shi ne mai kai tsaye aiki na samfur na da taro na hulda jikinsu, da kuma inversely na gwargwado ga square na nesa mezhduetimi abubuwa. A cewar Newton, irrefutably tabbatar da m bincike, da karfi na nauyi ne kamar haka:

F = Mm / r2.

A nasa ne musamman da darajar da gravitational m G, wanda shi ne kamar daidai 6.67 * 10-11 (N * m2) / kg2.

A ƙarfi daga nauyi da wanda jikinsu suna janyo hankalin zuwa Duniya, shi ne na musamman hali na Newton ta dokar da aka kira nauyi. A wannan yanayin, da gravitational m da taro na Duniya kanta za a iya saka manta da, don haka nauyi gano dabara zai zama:

F = MG.

A nan, g - ba kawai cikin hanzari na free fall, da Tazarar darajar wanda shi ne kamar daidai 9.8 m / s2.

Newton ta Ka'idan ba kawai tafiyar matakai da ya faru kai tsaye a ƙasa, ya samar da wani amsar da yawa tambayoyi alaka da na'urar a ko'ina cikin hasken rana tsarin. A musamman, da karfi na gravitation tsakanin basamaniyai yana da hukunci tasiri a kan motsi na taurari a falakinsu. A msar tambayar bayanin wannan yunkuri da aka ba tukuna ta Kepler, amma karatu shi ya yiwu ne kawai bayan Newton tsara ya shahara dokar.

Newton kansa nasaba da sabon abu na nazarin sasannin kuma Extraterrestrial nauyi amfani da wani sauki misali: a lokacin da kora daga wani igwa kwaya ba tashi a mike, kuma a cikin wani arcuate hanya. A wannan yanayin, ta kara lura da gunpowder da taro na tsakiya zai zama na ƙarshe a tashi kara da kara. A karshe, idan muka ɗauka cewa shi ne zai yiwu a samu sosai na gunpowder kuma yi wani igwa zuwa core tashi, a duniya, da cewa ta hanyar yin wannan tafi, shi ba zai daina, kuma za ta ci gaba da madauwari (elliptical) motsi, ya juya a cikin wani wucin gadi da tauraron dan adam na Duniya. A sakamakon haka, da karfi na nauyi ne guda a cikin yanayi kuma a cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin m sarari.