5G cibiyar sadarwa: Siffar, description da kuma sauri. gaba tsara cibiyar sadarwa 5G

5G, na gaba-tsara sadarwa misali, zai goyi bayan Internet na Things, mai kaifin motoci da sauran kayan aiki.

A sabon mobile misali za a yi ba a baya fiye da 2020, amma dacewa bayani dalla-dalla ake ci gaba a cikin cikakken lilo, kuma ya bayyana cewa, tsayayyen 5G zai zama muhimmanci daban-daban daga 4G. Muna magana ne game da kara gudun bayanai musayar domin wayoyin hannu da Allunan, kuma taron na sauran mafita, kowanne daga abin da na da bukatun.

Tsinkaya daga Ericsson

Kamar yadda 5G fasahar za ta yi aiki da dalilin da ya sa shi ake bukata, idan nafani mobile Internet ya kasance a cikin kasancewar a yanzu?

A cewar kamfanin zuwa Ericsson, nan gaba kama.

Unmanned da alaka da cibiyar sadarwa motoci zai sadarwa tare da juna. A cikin hali na hatsarin mota, wanda shi ne mafi kusa ga scene, shi zai bayar da rahoton duk da inji, hawa bayan shi. Wannan zai ba su damar ci gaba da ƙananan gudun ko, a cikin hali na zirga-zirga da ababen hawa, lissafta wani sabon hanya.

abin hawa masu auna sigina zai more daidai auna yanayin yanayi da kuma aika data kan hanyar sadarwa 5G domin shirya mafi kyau hanya abin hawa zirga-zirga.

A fannin sufurin jama'a 5G cibiyar sadarwa zai ba da damar real-lokaci tracking na yawan jiran fasinjoji a bas Tashoshi. Bas direba ba zai buga tasha ba tare da fasinjoji, da kuma dispatcher zai shiryar da ƙarin zirga-zirga zuwa wuraren jari.

A wannan zamanin duk 5G gida lantarki za a nasaba. Idan baya da mulki daga dakin zuwa wani da da za a canjawa wuri daga wani šaukuwa na'urar don ci gaba, misali, listen to ka fi so radio station, yanzu da jawabai a daban-daban da dakuna za a tuntube da juna da kuma sauraron ci gaba da katse wuri. Bugu da kari, shi zai yiwu ka saka idanu da ikon amfani da kowane na'urar, ko don gano yadda yawa wutar lantarki aka samar da hasken rana bangarori.

5G cibiyar sadarwa zai canza gaggawa ayyuka, da samar da abin dogara sadarwa a gaggawa yanayi da kuma fifita bangaren na 'yan sanda da kuma gaggawa saƙonni. A wuta kwalkwali da kyamarori zai watsa shirye-shirye da image umurninSa, kuma sami taimako a wuya ceto ayyukan.

5G-fasahar

A baya shi yiwuwa a shirya su fi, amma zabin da fasahohi don su m aikace-aikace ci gaba.

Daga cikin su:

• matsananci-high mita, da nasara da wanda a baya kamar ba zai yiwu, samar da yawa mafi girma gudun;
• tasowa tsarin, aika bayanai da kankanin sassa, tsawanta da aikin na Internet na abubuwa da na'urorin shekaru dayawa;
• rage rashin laka ga aikace-aikace da bukatar wani nan da nan mayar da martani.

5G-cibiyar sadarwa: gudun

5G Evaluation na karuwa daga cikin misali kudi a kwatanta da baya shubuha. Ericsson ta gudanar ya cimma girma na 50 sau - har zuwa 5 Gbit / s. Samsung barshi adadi 7.5 Gbit / s siginar da wani barga 1,2 Gbit / s, a wani motsi abin hawa a high gudun. Partnership "EU - China" 5G ke faruwa ƙara da kudi na 100 sau. NTT DoCoMo, a Japan mobile sadarwarka, a tare da Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson kamfanoni, Samsung da kuma Nokia yana kokarin isa 10 Gbit / s. Amma masana harkokin kimiyya daga Jami'ar Surrey bayar da shawarar gudun 1 Tbit / s. Ana sa ran cewa mafi za su yi girma a dubu sau gudun mobile networks kan gaba shekaru 10.

The girma kudi za bukatar inganta antennas da kuma kayan aiki, kazalika da baza bakan mitoci. A Amurka, da aiwatar da rarraba da hanya ya riga ya fara.

Internet na abubuwa

Tare da dakushe tsadar a haɗa more kuma mafi na'urorin sami damar zuwa Wi-Fi. A ra'ayi na hada wayar, kofi da kuma wanka da inji, belun kunne, fitilu kuma komai a cikin guda cibiyar sadarwa da ake kira Internet na Things. By 2020, an sa ran cewa duniya za ta zama fiye da biliyan 26 na wadannan na'urorin. A yawan sadarwa zai kasance ma fi girma.

Da ikon da abubuwa "ji" tare da taimakon masu auna sigina da mugun kashe dokokin za su sami aikace-aikace a birane shiryawa, da fasaha na "mai kaifin" home, zafi da wutar lantarki kula da tsarin, tsaro, kiwon lafiya monitoring, jama'a kai, retailing.

Internet na Things bukatar a kananan dangane gudun, amma ga wani babban yawan na'urorin. Riga akwai kwazo networks yin amfani da kunkuntar mita iyaka, da kuma misali 5G developers son shiga cikin wannan tsari.

Saboda haka, harkar sadarwa za su goyi bayan ba kawai hannu masu amfani, amma kuma "mai kaifin" abubuwa. Management da aka haka da iri-irin zirga-zirga ne aka yi nufi ga zo da taimakon da sabon misali.

da bata lokaci ba

Babu shakka, wa tsara cibiyar sadarwa zai goyi bayan 5G fasahar unmanned motocin da kuma aikace-aikace na augmented gaskiya. A wannan yanayin, da bayanai ya zama samuwa a real lokaci. Mika lokaci a 4G networks, fiye da 10 ms, wanda shi ne sosai. A nan gaba misali iya canja gaba daya cikin cibiyar sadarwa gine da motsi da ajiya wuri na data daga data cibiyoyin kawo karshen nodes, ciki har da "smart" na'urorin.

Motsi mota, misali, na bukatar data on da wuri daga cikin mafi kusa kai. Data kasance networks tare da ya kwarara daga data ga motoci uku riga iya jimre. A manyan jinkiri a canja wurin bayanai bukatar wani gida data rarraba.

An zaci cewa responsiveness na gaba ƙarni na networks za a maximized. Da bata lokaci ba, a watsa bayanai ba zai wuce 1 ms, koda lokacin da m gudu 500 km / h. Wannan rashin laka ne mai babbar tuki factor a cikin halittar sabuwar fasahar, kamar gudanar da mota birni zirga-zirga da kuma tiyata a nesa.

isa yarjejeniya

Idan halin da ake ciki tare da definition da kewayon m fasahar sun inganta, da fasahar kanta, har yanzu ana ci gaba a 2015. Yana ake bukata domin sanin da abin da 5G fasahar da suke bukata a farko wuri, da kuma wanda za a aiwatar daga baya. Abu ne mai wuya cewa wannan zai faru a shekara ta 2016.

Duk da rashin nagartacce kuma amincewa a cikin fifiko fasahar, masana'antu da kamfanoni na kokarin kai da ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da 5G fasahar dauki wani m matsayi a nan gaba.

Nokia Company a watan Afrilu 2015 sanar da saye da Alcatel-Lucent for 16.6 dalar Amurka biliyan, da kuma US kamfanin sadarwa Verizon Wireless sanar da cewa Amurka na farko-5G cibiyar sadarwa zai zama samuwa a shekara ta 2016.

farko alamun

Akwai riga 5G-cibiyar sadarwa prototypes. Da farko 5G-cibiyar sadarwa kaddamar a Koriya ta Kudu. Kamfanin SK Telecom gabatar da wani sabon fasaha a bude bincike cibiyar, wanda za a tsunduma a ta ci gaba. Kuma zuwa ga XXIII Olympic Winter Wasanni a shekara ta 2018 a Koriya ta Kudu, kamfanin shirin gina wani 5G cibiyar sadarwa a ko'ina cikin kasar.

NTT DoCoMo kuma ya shirya ya kaddamar da 5G-cibiyar sadarwa a Japan ga wasannin Olympics da a shekarar 2020 a Tokyo.

5G cibiyar sadarwa a kan Amurka

5G misali kamar previous matsayin, tasowa 3GPP Kamfanin kuma amince da ITU, ya, kasa da kasa Sadarwa Union. Ba su son tsaya a gefe da kuma masana'antun. A watan Oktoba 2015, wasu yankuna kungiyoyin sun amince da saduwa kowane watanni shida zuwa aiki daga wani na kowa matsayi a kan 5G nagartacce.

Irin wannan yarjejeniyar da aka kai a cikin watan Satumba 2015 tsakanin EU da kasar Sin. Ericsson da kuma TeliaSonera amince a kan wani dangantakar hadin gwiwa don tabbatar da cewa abokan ciniki na mobile afareta a Tallinn kuma Stockholm, damar yin amfani da 5G cibiyar sadarwa a 2018

Kuma quite a bit bar jira ga 5G-cibiyar sadarwa jefa a Rasha. MTS kuma Ericsson rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar aiki tare a kan wani biyar-tsara fasaha, wanda zai haifar a cikin farko gwajin 5G-cibiyar sadarwa a Rasha a gasar cin kofin duniya a shekara ta 2018, shekaru biyu baya fiye da 5G-cibiyar sadarwa a Japan. Don wannan karshen, a shekara ta 2016 za a aiwatar da LTE-U aikin for LTE amfani da 5 GHz, amfani da haɗi da damar batu Wi-Fi. Har ila yau, fasahar Ericsson jingina Jigilar za a gwada, wanda shirya rarraba zirga-zirga da kuma rage Inter-cell tsangwama, da kara canja wurin gudu da kuma ɗaukar hoto, taimaka a cikin shiryawa na cibiyar sadarwa.

Kamar yadda ka gani, kasashen yarda su hada kai a wannan filin. All, tare da togiya daga cikin United States ne saba wa zauna a manyan matsayi a duk.

4,5G shirya domin nan gaba

Qualcomm ya nuna 4,5G LTE Advanced Pro fasaha, da gabatarwar wanda aka shirya domin na gaba shekaru hudu. Godiya ga wannan kamfanin za su iya tallafawa kamar yadda fadi da kewayon mitoci da ake bukata domin 5G misali da baya tura LTE cibiyar sadarwa, wanda zai rage rashin laka da kuma kara kayan da aka samar.

Features na cibiyar sadarwa:

• High kayan da aka samar ta hanyar hada da mita a jere;
• goyon baya ga 32 aiki a lokaci guda kuma karuwa kayan da aka samar ta hanyar hada da mita da kuma rarraba cibiyar sadarwa da zirga-zirga tsakanin aiki.
• 10-Musulunci raguwa a jinkirta a kwatanta da LTE Advanced amfani da data kasance hasumiya, da mitoci daga 1 ms zuwa 70 ms.
• da yin amfani da sadarwa hanya mai shigowa layin da bukatun masu fita.
• kara yawan antennas a tushe tashoshin ƙara da iya aiki da kuma ɗaukar hoto na sigina.
• IoT-kyautata na makamashi ceto na'urorin takaita cikin kewayon har zuwa 1.4 MHz da 180 kHz (har zuwa shekaru 10 a kan wani guda baturi).
• 1 Gbit / s for musayar bayanai tsakanin motocin, Tafiya da Kafa kuma IoT-na'urorin.
• Ana dubawa yanayi ba tare da juya a kan Wi-Fi ko GPS a kan salula na'urar.

fasaha cikas

A Fraunhofer Institute for Sadarwa a Berlin gudanar da gwaje-gwajen da mitoci na 40-100 GHz, da Samsung amfani a gwaje-gwajen da mita na 28 GHz, kuma Nokia - a wuce haddi na 70 GHz.

Aiki da na'urorin a cikin millimeter waveband yana da irin wannan alama kamar musamman talakawa rarraba da sigina, da ikon wanda ma rage-rage tare da kara nesa daga sansanin tashan. Bugu da kari, alama tsangwama za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar ko da wani jikin mutum.

Magani - MIMO

Amfanin ƙasa ne aikace-aikace na MIMO fasahar (Mahara Input Mahara Output), a lokacin da aikawa da karɓar dama sakonni lokaci guda. Yanzu an yi amfani da LTE da WLAN. Don high mitoci amfani M MIMO - ingantawa fasahar liyafar lokacin da wayar hannu da na'urar da aka housed dama kananan antennas da kuma daruruwan - a cikin watsawa.

Manufacturer SkyCross antennas halitta MIMO 4x4 tsarin, za ka iya amfani da size of 16x10 cm a cikin m. Wannan shi ne muhimmanci mafi girma fiye da na antennas ga LTE. Alal misali, da girma da LG G4 - 15x7,6 cm, Samsung Galaxy S6 - 14x7 cm, da kuma Apple iPhone 6 Plus ne - 16h7,8 ganin MIMO 4x4 tsarin ne ba sabon -. Fãce LTE-Advanced tashoshi, shi da ake amfani a tauraron dan adam talabijin tsarin, da tsauraran sharu to da size da kuma ikon amfani za a caje. Saboda haka, halittar wani kananan mobile na'urar da hudu antennas zai jarraba zanen kaya.

A ci gaba da šaukuwa tashoshi zai ma na bukatar karin kokarin. A cewar wakilin kamfanin Texas kayan aiki, da cewa don ƙirƙirar wani guntu iya watsin data at high mitoci na bukatar yin amfani da sababbin hanyoyin fasaha.

A 2015, aikin ya halicci 5G-misali aka hukumance mai suna IMT-2020. Yana da wani tausayi da cewa sauran har yanzu ba su gani karshen tsari.