2 Filibus, Sarkin Spain: tarihin rayuwa da kuma iyali. ban sha'awa facts

Philippe 2 - Mutanen Espanya Sarki. Taqaitaccen Tarihin mai mulkin nuna despotism da stiffness halinsa. A wannan lokaci da sarautar - yayin da kasar saman mulki.

Philip 2 Spanish tarihi

A zamanin mulkin wannan monarch - 1527-1598 gg. Wanda ya Philip 2 Spanish? Magabatan da m - Charles V da Isabella na Portugal. An haife shi a Valladolid gaba sarki. A lokacin ziyarar da dũkiyõyinsu a Jamus, da Netherlands da kuma Italiya, nan gaba monarch nan da nan ya ji rashin jituwa batutuwa. Daga bisani, juna rashin fahimta da aka ninkawa da cewa gwamnan bai san da wani harshe ban da Castilian.

yara

2 Spanish Philip ciyar da yara a Castile. Mahaifinsa Sarkin sarakuna na Roma da kuma magajin ga Hapsburg yankuna. Tun 1516, Charles V ya kuma Sarkin Spain. Ya yi mulki, tafiya zuwa Arewacin Afirka da kuma Turai. Valladolid da Toledo sun manyan biranen Ros Filipp 2 Spanish. The iyali wuya ga mahaifinsa. Harkokin na jihar bukaci Charles V ya kullum ba a cikin yankuna bauta masa. Lokacin da Filibus ya mutu mahaifiyarsa, ya kasance ba na 12. A cikin farkon shekaru ya ɓullo da wani soyayya yanayi. Fishing, farauta, ziyara zuwa yanayin zama masu aikin da a cikinsa akwai natsuwa Philip 2 Spanish. A kai-sani na monarch ma ya fara nuna farkon isa. Daga wani matashi, ya aka bambanta da taƙawa, soyayya na music. Jagoranta shuka a cikin shi wata bukata domin karatu. Ya library kunshi 14 dubu. Kundin.

An bullo da mulki

Philip 2 Spanish (photo reproductions na hotuna da aka gabatar a cikin labarin) ɓullo da siyasa ra'ayoyi tare da kai tsaye hannu mahaifinsa. Duk da dogon rashi da kuma rare ziyara gida, Charles V kokarin in mutum, ta hanyar haruffa da kuma musamman umarnin su koya wa yaro a cikin management al'amurran da suka shafi. Mahaifinsa ko da yaushe ya yi magana game da babban siyasa alhakin, da bukatar su dogara ga Allah. Charles kira dansa to proportionality da adalci a yanke shawara karfafa su kare tsohon bangaskiya, ba su da damar Litattafansu karkashin wani yanayi.

A can farko na kula da

A lokacin da ta farko regency (tare da 1543 a 1548 gg.) Philip 2 Spanish shi ne mafi muhimmanci da kwarewa na gwamnati. Yana goyon wani matukin jirgi tip na Board. Bugu da kari, ya ko da yaushe shawara da mahaifinsa, hadewa da yawa al'amurran da suka shafi tare da shi. A wannan lokacin, da Filibus 2 Spanish bauta a dual aiki. Da farko, ya yi kamar wata alhakin regent. A wannan mahallin, wadannan da siyasa hankalinsu, ya yi aure a 1543 zuwa Mary - 'yar sarkin Portugal. Abu na biyu, da Filibus 2 Spanish yi duba sosai a hankali a dukan abin da ya faru a Jamus. A wancan lokaci, babban mataki a cikin wannan yanki za'ayi da mahaifinsa. Philip, ya wajaba a iya hado da albarkatun da na Spain domin kara m siyasa. A 1547, Charles V ci Furotesta. Wannan lokacin alama da Sarkin sarakuna ta hawan zuwa taron na da iko.

Zuwan a Jamus

Abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa na daular events, kazalika da cewa dansa Ferdinand (wa na Charles), wanda ya yi annabci a cikin shugabanni m ga Furotesta, Philip mahaifin amince da ra'ayin cewa, shi ne lokacin da za a shirya magaji a kan karaga. Ya aka gaya zo da Netherlands da kuma Jamus. 1548-1559 shekaru kasance ga matasa monarch kyau kwarai makaranta na Turai rayuwar siyasa. A cikin fall na 1548, da Filibus 2 Spanish tafi Italiya. A kan hanyar da ya zauna tare da retinue dubu biyu a Milan, Genoa, Trient, Mantua. Sa'an nan, ya haye Alps, ziyarci Heidelberg, Speyer, Munich. Via Luxembourg, ya tafi zuwa Brussels, inda ya gana da mahaifinsa.

Saba da Netherlands

matasa monarch ta tafiya aka tare da m idodi da holidays, a cikin abin da ya fi aiki part dauki Philip 2 - The Spanish sarki. Brief biography ne cike da wani iri-iri events. Saboda haka, daga watan Yuli 1550 har zuwa May 1551-th, ya kasance ba a rage cin abinci na Augsburg. A nan monarch gana da Ferdinand (kawunsa) da kuma dansa - Maximilian. A 1549, Philip rangadin da Netherlands. Zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga kasar, ya koyi ga masu godiya shi. Fitar daga Netherlands abubuwan ƙwarai rinjayi gine na Parks da gine-gine da cewa daga baya Phillip gina a Spain. A cikin shiryawa gidaje da kuma was da monarch dauki wani kai tsaye ɓangare. Special ni'ima sa da monarch zanen. Ba da da ewa, da tarin aka bayansa da zane-zane na fice artists. Bosch ta zane-zane kadai, akwai 40.

Asarar Charles V ikon

A 1551 Philip koma Spain for shekaru 3. Daga can, sai ya yi kokarin aiki da kanta, goyon bayan mahaifinsa a cikin yunkuri na Jamus sarakuna. Duk da haka, Carl kuma, daidai da, dansa rasa iko a cikin daular. Ferdinand da Maximilian sun iya kare su bukatu a Jamus kan Habsburg line zama, ta hanyar, shi ne yanzu Spain. A karshen, Charles ya ba da imperatorstvo. Duk da haka, ya ya iya m Philip dũkiyarku a Italiya da Netherlands. Yankin na karshen, ya zaci wani yana kokarin kare ta aure da ɗan Marii Tyudor, wanda ya grime shi. Don yin wannan, Philip samu Mulkin Naples. The matasa monarch koma London.

The mutuwar mahaifinsa da matarsa

A shekara bayan abubuwan da suka faru na Charles ta kiwon lafiya ya deteriorated kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Ya mika wa dansa, na farko da Netherlands da kuma Spain sa'an nan zuwa. The mahaifin rubuta wa ɗansa umarnin kamar yadda a 1558, a watan Satumba, ya mutu ba ga wani shekara biyu. Bayan watanni biyu kuma, Mary Tudor mutu. Duk wannan ya yarda da Filibus ya je ya dawo a 1559 a Spain. A monarch ya a '33. Cũta a cikin sirri rai, su goma sha biyar-shekara siyasa kwarewa sanya shi a balagagge mutum. Philip 2 Spanish kamar yadda babu Turai m, a shirye ya ke yarda da alhakin makoman al'umma.

monarch raga

Abin da m ya Philip 2 Spanish? Brief biography na monarch nuna cewa ya fahimci muhimmancin ta zama ba, alhakin da Allah da kansa domin ceton rayukan talakawansa. Ya matuƙar manufa da aka adana da kuma fadada daga cikin Hapsburg dũkiyarku a gida, da samar da kariya a kan Turkish hare-hare, dakile na canji, gwagwarmayar da ta magoya bayan ta hanyar yin gyare-gyare na cocin Katolika. A da yawa hanyoyi matsalar, wanda ya kafa da kansa, sun yi daidai da wadanda yanke shawarar da mahaifinsa. Amma a lokaci guda shi ne kuma bayani dalla-dalla na siyasa, wanda aka gudanar da Philip 2 Spanish. Sarki, sabanin mahaifinsa, mulki kasar, yafi daga daya m zama. A lokacin ziyararsa a kan kursiyin, yake kawai 2 years old zo zuwa Portugal bayan Accession zuwa kursiyin a 1580, Charles V kullum da hannu a soja yakin. Filibus kuwa wani sosai daban-daban Spanish 2. Sarki kuma ya aika a cikin soja kamfen ya generals.

canja wurin zama

A 1561 Philip koma Madrid. Tare da 1563 a 1568 kusa da shi da aka gina Escorial. Da shi shi ne m cibiyar na iko. Yana da wani wurin zama, wani dynastic kabarin da sufi. Tare da canja wurin da na tsakiyar gwamnati da kotun sarki ya gane abin da aka riga kammala a Ingila da kuma Faransa. Tun daga nan, Madrid ya fara dauka a kan halaye na babban birnin kasar.

style of gwamnati

Philip fili bi shawarar da mahaifinsa, kokarin tabbatar da cewa ba ya zama dogara a kan mutum shawara. A general, da style da sarautar za a iya kira a komai haqqinsa da kuma amincewa da. 'Yan mambobi ne na aristocracy sun juyo ga tsakiyar iko naúrar ga yanke shawara na soja da kuma kasashen waje manufofin. Daya daga wadannan mutane, misali, ya da Duke na Alba. Grand Philippe 2 Spanish aza wajibi na jakadun a Turai kotu. A lokaci guda ya kuma kawar da su daga tsakiyar iko. Key na hannun daman sun kasance mafi yawa lauyoyi, masana kimiyya sau da yawa yana da m daraja. Mafi yawansu sun kasance masu ilimi da a cikin manyan kolejoji da jami'o'i da na Castile.

tips

Sun yi kamar key controls. Tips samo asali tun zamanin da Katolika shugabanni. Karl V kyautata tsarin. Sashe na daga cikin gawarwakin da aka bai da wani fairly capacious ayyuka. A musamman, da majalisar gudanarwar kasar Sin ya yanke shawarar da ya fi muhimmanci kasashen waje da manufofin al'amurran da suka shafi, da Financial Board da alhakin wurare dabam dabam na kudi. Lokacin da Philippe sashin jiki a lura da soja a harkokin siyasa karshe an kafa. Ma'aikata iyawa da aka kafa a 1483, majalisar Inquisition. Sai ya zama, a key tsakiyar ikon tsarin karkashin Philip. Sauran shawarwari jikinsu bai wa yawanci yankin iyawa. Alal misali, kasar addashin tukwici na Aragon, Castile, kasashen waje yankuna. A 1555 ya tsaya m jiki a lura da harkokin Italiya. A cikin shakka daga fitowan da sabon matsaloli halitta Philippe 2 Spanish Netherlands Tips da kuma Portugal. Collegial jikin baiwa da shari'a, majalisa da kuma administrative iko. Wadannan Tsarin taimaka da monarch a cikin bayani da wasu batutuwa daban daban, kuma an yi amfani da musayar ra'ayi.

A qa'ida ta hadin gwiwa tare da hukumomin

Philip ne da wuya ba a Majalisar taron. Yawancin lokaci shawara Tsarin samar da daftarin yanke shawara a rubuce a cikin nau'i na shawarwari. Kamar yadda shamaki sun sakatarorin. Su ma 'yan Majalisar. A cikin eighties, wadannan sakatarorin da aka sõyayya a juyin mulkin. An samo asali karkashin Philip a cikin muhimmanci controls. Monarch ta maida martani da wani shawarwari Tsarin, sakatarorin da sauran jami'an alhakin shiryar da manufa na "raba da nasara". Majalisar aka saduwa dabam daga juna. Sau da yawa, har ma da sakatarorin da kuma kananan da'irar ma'aikata ba a cika sanar da game da duk al'amurran da suka shafi.

horo

Philip ba za jure jami'an sakaci da aikinsu. Idan kowa ya gani a cikin yin amfani da matsayinsa don samun riba ko gazawar na ayyuka, ya aka nan da nan a hana musu post da aka cire daga kotu. Irin wannan rabo, misali, sha wahala sakatarorin Antonio da Feresa, da Francisco de Erazo. Su da aka dauka a cikin tsare. Lokaci da Lokaci Na rasa amincewa da Duke na Alba saboda arbitrariness a Netherlands. An kama da kuma Don Carlos - da ɗan Filibus. magaji mutuwa ajiye kasar daga rikici mai zurfi, kasashen waje da kuma na cikin gida. Shi ne ya kamata a lura jama'a outcry da ya tashi a lokacin da waɗannan abubuwan zasu faru. Sahaban Philip ba ga wani lokacin shakka cewa monarch ta tabbatar da dalilin sa wajibcin jihar kare dynastic amfane shi. A lokaci guda, da rigidity daga cikin m saita mataki na siyasa farfaganda kaddamar da abokan adawar. Fadin Turai, shi ya tafi a karkashin sunan legenda negra. Its amo mara sa sun zama tushen ga ayyukan Jamus marubuta Schiller ( "Don Carlos"), H. Mann, Thomas Mann.

Juyin juya halin a Netherlands

A tawaye ya fi mayar saboda da ayyuka na Philip. Ya dake da'awar gabatar da ƙarfafa Inquisition a Netherlands. Tsananta tsananta wa musulmai, Furotesta da Yahudawa. Dutch ƙi monarch. All shi yana karɓa gunaguni da kuma buƙatun ya amsa ya ce da umarni ga murkushe Litattafansu, da nuna wani rahama. A 1565-1567 shekaru na tawaye girma. Sai Filibus aika zuwa Alba - daya daga cikin mafi girma da generals. All magajinsa ba zai iya yin zaman lafiya tare da Netherlands. Filibus kuwa ko da yaushe a kan wani jayayya. Ya kuwa yana zaune a gidansa, kuma daga can ya aika da wasiƙu zuwa ga umarni na proteges. A 1581 da States-Janar a The Hague, aka sanar da cewa Philip hana dũkiyõyinsu a cikin Netherlands. A lokaci guda a kan monarch popped Ingila.

"Iya karawa Armada"

Bayan rasuwar matarsa ta farko Marii Filipp so ya aure ta gaje Elizabeth. Duk da haka, da karshen ƙaryata tsari. Kamar yadda Dutch nasarorin girma Elizabeth nuna juyayi ga mafi ayyukansu. Mai kasada Frensis Dreyk karkashin laimar gwamnatin Birtaniya ta kai hari a kan Spanish Coast. Elizabeth aika zuwa Netherlands taimako - babban karfi na dakaru da manyan bindigogi. Bi da bi, da Filibus ya yanke shawarar ji ciwo mai hukunci duka. A 1588, ya aka aiko zuwa Turanci Coast babban flotilla - "Armada". Amma a yakin neman zabe, kusan duk jiragen ruwa (akwai 130) aka rasa a cikin hadari, kuma a cikin hare-hare na makiya jiragen ruwa. Aminci tare da Alisabatu da Philip ya ba kammala. Kafin mutuwarsa kasar da aka kai hari Burtaniya. Spanish taskar da aka ƙãre ba. Babu wani kudi ko don ƙirƙirar a kalla a kananan tsaron jiragen ruwa.

zuriyarsu

Domin duk lokacin da jirgin hudu sau aure Philip 2 Spanish. 'Ya'yansa sun namiji. A farko dan - Don Carlos - haife Maryama na Portugal. Ta rasu bayan da fitowan na farko-haife cikin duniya. By matarsa ta biyu - Marii Tyudor - yara Filibus kuwa ba. A lokaci guda Don Karlos mutu a m hali isa. An sani cewa ya sha wahala daga shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya. A cikin uku aure da Izabelloy Valua haife yar. Daya daga cikinsu shi da mulki a Kudancin Netherlands. Shi ne Philip kokarin yin Sarauniyar Faransa. Amma ga waliyyinsa a kan karaga, sun zama kawai dan na monarch. 3 Philip aka haife shi a wani aure da Anne na Austria. Asalinsu shi aka yi nufi ga Dona Karlosa. Mun san daga tarihi cewa Philip 2 sau da yawa canza mistresses. Wurare da dama a yaƙe-yaƙe, dabbanci dangane da kasuwanci da kuma aiki yawan for su da addini sun lalatar da zarar arziki kasar, wanda aka mulki da Philip 2 Spanish. Karshen rayuwa ya ciyar a jiki wahala. Ya ɓullo da gout.

hali kima

Protestant da Katolika mawallafa fahince Philip 2 mabanbanta. A farko aka bayyana a cikin monarch a matsayin jini dodo, riqon to shi wani iri-iri lahani. Duk da haka, da suka jaddada ta m, m bayyanar. A cikin tsakar gida na gwamnan akwai wani yanayi na tuhuma. Jihar management tare munanan mãkirci. A lokaci guda, da Filibus ya zama majiɓinci, kuma connoisseur na art. A zamanin mulkinsa, adabi, zanen samu da zinariya shekaru. A lokacin da wannan lokaci ya zama sananne ga duniyar El Greco, Lope de Vega. A flowering ci gaba har sai da biyu da rabi na 17th karni. A Philip ta collections sun rare zane-zane daga ko'ina Turai. Mun riga mun ambata aunarsa littattafai. Ya library aka ganawa da Copernican rubuce-rubucen da Erasmus. Duk da ci daga cikin taskar da karshen Philip ta rayuwa, kasar karkashin mulkin shiga cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama a matsayin mai iko jihar. A mutunta mutane da yawa da wannan aka ciyar da manufofin na monarch mahaifin - Charles V. Duk da haka, mistrust, tuhuma, da zaluntar, da Filibus 2 halakar da kasa.