YaMZ-236: halaye, da na'urar kula da

YaMZ-236 - almara dizal engine, wanda ya fitar OJSC "Autodiesel" tsohon Yaroslavl Motor Shuka. Wannan V-dimbin yawa "Shida" ya zama mashahuri a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da kuma bayan ta auka - kuma a cikin dukan CIS. A engine ake amfani da su yanzu lokaci a manyan motoci, tractors da kuma hadawa. Yana za a iya samu a kan irin motocin da aka sani da mace, KRAZ, Ural, Zil da tarakta K-700.

Close shirkinku wannan model ne YaMZ-238 8 Silinda da YMZ-240 - 12 tsilidrovy. YaMZ-236 yana da yawa versions tare da daban-daban lambobin na horsepower.

Tarihi na halitta

A 1950 da Yaroslavl shuka samu musamman domin jihar don ƙirƙirar wani ƙarin iko dizal injuna, wanda ya maye gurbin wanda aka rabu amfani Yaz. Wadannan Motors sun zama karin iko da kuma more tattali fiye da waɗanda suke a gabãninsu. A daya hannun, gwamnatin so don samun a duniya ciki konewa engine, wanda za a iya amfani da a kan daban-daban brands na motoci.

A karkashin shugabanci na wani fitaccen mai zanen da kuma Tarayyar Soviet Karĩmi masanin kimiyya Chernyshova GD YaMZ-236 da aka halitta, kazalika da sauran iyali na dizal injuna da cewa lokaci. Ya kuma ci gaba da ba kasa almara jerin raka'a ga KAMAZ.

Kamar wancan ne aka haife cikin ciki konewa engine, wanda har yanzu sananne ga mutane da yawa. Yana siffofi high iya aiki, AMINCI, sauki a gyara, sauki tabbatarwa, da kuma kayayyakin gyara cheap. Tsawon rai da kuma maintainability ƙyale shi ya bauta da aminci ga shekaru masu yawa.

Production yanzu

Don kwanan wata, samar da ci gaba YaMZ-236, ko da yake akwai riga gade YaMZ-530. Kundin sayar Motors ba fada, amma saboda da soja ayyuka a Ukraine tsaya bayarwa na Kremenchug mota taro shuka, wanda samar da sanannen KrAZ manyan motoci. Hakika, Yaroslavl factory rasa engine marketing kashi, amma cewa samarwa bai rage.

Bayani dalla-dalla da kuma na'ura

YaMZ-236 yana mai isasshe high yi. Yana sanye take da shida cylinders, wanda aka shirya a layi daya da kuma samun karkatar kwana na 90 digiri. Fuel aka tsĩrar da kai tsaye a cikin cylinders, cewa shi ne, da kai tsaye allura irin. 16,5 matsa lamba a cikin engine yanayi. A fistan yana da wani diamita na 130 mm a tushe da kuma 140 mm a gyara embodiment, da ciwon da tafi 140 mm.

A engine saka famfon high matsa lamba da kuma inji irin injectors, wanda suke kai tsaye da kuma yin allura a kowane Silinda. Kowane shugaban block yana da wani bawul 6 - 3 3 na mashiga ruwa da kanti.

Sanyaya tsarin - ruwa tilasta wurare dabam dabam, wanda yana da za'ayi ta hanyar ruwa famfo. A actuator ne bel wanda rotates wani kura famfo da crankshaft kura.

YaMZ-236 yana da damar 11 lita iya aiki jeri daga 150 zuwa 420 horsepower. A karshe model, an karu zuwa 500 HP A dangane da hakan tariffs for man fetur da masana'antun YaMZ-236, da ya kwarara kudi na wanda ya 40 lita 100 km, wannan adadi rage zuwa 25 l.

Babban ikon shuka a Cast baƙin ƙarfe har 2010, har aka yanke shawarar canza wurin shi zuwa aluminum, kazalika da Silinda kai. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a rage wuya da hanya ga gyara da kuma m da cylinders wuyõyinsu, kuma honingovka zama mafi m. A wannan yanayin da naúrar block ba a rasa tsohon ƙarfi.

Main halaye YaMZ-236 nuna cewa motor yana da wani gwada da sauki yi, domin kyale sauki gyara da kuma sabis.

gyara

YaMZ-236, gyara da aka yi da hannu, shi bukatar wani musamman kayan aikin. Yana hada da wani yawa na ayyukan. Ka yi la'akari da asali jan da ya kamata a da za'ayi:

• Daidaitawa da bawuloli, wanda aka sanya yin amfani da musamman bincike yi nufi ga YAMZ-236. motor na'urar ba ka damar yin wannan aiki yayin da cire bawul din murfin.
• Daidaita kama, mafi musamman, wani tsari da ake kira daidaita. Yana yana da za'ayi a kan wani musamman tsayawar.
• Daidaitawa da man fetur wadata ta hanyar allura famfo.

All ayyukan suna da za'ayi sabawa kawai a gyaran mota, kamar yadda na musamman kayan aikin da ake bukata, wanda da wuya a sami a cikin gareji.

sabis

Ku bauta wa dizal engine YaMZ-236 ne quite sauki, idan ka san yadda kuma abin da ya yi. Ka yi la'akari da ainihin yadda ake gudanar da suke kunshe a cikin sabis:

1. Mai canji. Yawancin lokaci shi bada shawarar yin amfani da engine man shafawa na dizal injuna na da irin M10G2K.
2. The maye tace abubuwa. The mota yana da tacewa cewa ya kamata a maye gurbin kowane 15 000 km. Wannan man fetur tace, da tace kashi m da lafiya tsaftacewa man fetur, remkoplekty duk tacewa.
3. Daidaitawa allura, a saka shi kawai - hurawa nozzles.
4. Maye gurbin gaskets Silinda shugaban maida hankali da kuma Silinda kai. A wasu lokuta, canza cushioning abu pallet.
5. Tightening ko maye gurbin drive belts.

A nan, a bisa manufa, da kuma duk tabbatarwa gudanar, wanda aka gudanar a ranar YaMZ-236. Sauran ayyukan da aka canza a halin yanzu da kuma shirya gyara.

gyare-gyare

Engine gyara YaMZ-236 ne da za'ayi kawai a gyaran mota, tun da shi na bukatar musamman kayan aiki da kuma kayayyakin aiki. Sun hada da irin tsaye: ga disassembly da kuma jama'ar da ikon naúra da kuma ta abubuwa, daidaita, daidaitawa da kuma gwaji.

Har ila yau bukatar musamman kayan aiki:

• M da honing na'ura.
• Kayan aiki don nika da polishing na crankshaft.
• Tsaya tare da wanka don crimping.
• Duba ga nika kujeru bawul wuraren zama.
• Kayan aiki ga shigarwa na bawul shiryar.
• Lathe da milling na'ura.
• Tsaya ga tsaftacewa injectors.
• Danna domin latsa bearings da kuma like.
• Argon waldi, a wasu lokuta.
• Wani kayan aiki da kuma na musamman-manufa kayan aiki don gyara na dizal injuna.

Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga jerin, zai dauki wani yawa na tsaye da kuma kayan aiki da za su iya ba kowane wanke mota.

Engine gyara YaMZ-236 ne da za'ayi a dama, saukarwa. Dukan su ne quite hadaddun, kuma shi ne alhakin kowane sana'a kunkuntar profile. Ka yi la'akari da abin da matakai daya bayan daya:

1. Dismantling. Kila, kuma haka a fili yake cewa ciki konewa engine disassembled amfani da wani misali kumbura sa na kayan aikin da pneumatic gun.
2. Laifi bincike da kuma kayyade jerin kayayyakin gyara da cewa dole ne a musanya shi.
3. Crankshaft nika da shiri na Silinda block.
4. Share dukkan sassa da majalisai. Yawanci, yadda aka gudanar da zafi kananzir.
5. Lokacin da ka shirya, ana harhada.

Tsari disassembly YaMZ-236 ya dauki game da 6-8 hours. A shirye-shiryen da sassa a cikin taro game da daukan 16-20 hours, dangane da wuya daga cikin lalacewa. A taron jama'a aiwatar daukan up to 36 hours. A duk ya dogara kan yadda sawa fitar da babban raka'a da aka gyara da kuma yadda kyau da suka shirya domin karshe mataki na aiki.

Da tsare-tsaren da nan gaba

A shekarar 2020, da Yaroslavl shuka shirya ya gushe samar YaMZ-236, kamar yadda ya aka maye gurbinsu da shirya wani sabon YaMZ-660, wadda za ta zama 100 horsepower mafi iko, da kuma girma zai kara zuwa 12.5 lita. Kamar wancan ne shi ya kasance gargajiya tsari na cylinders da bawuloli. Innovation shirin yin lantarki allura famfo, wanda zai zama Yuro 5 misali, wanda zai fito a kan injuna na duniya kasuwar. Haka kuma an shirya su ci gaba da samar da dizal ikon shuke-shuke a kan tushen da YaMZ-236.