Yadda za a rage danniya: hanyoyi da kayan aiki

Kana bukatar ka san yadda za su runtse da irin ƙarfin lantarki a cikin rangadi zuwa hana lalacewar lantarki kayan. Kowa ya sani cewa da gidajen shige biyu wayoyi - da kuma sifili lokaci. Wannan ake kira guda-lokaci cibiyar sadarwa. Uku-lokaci yana da wuya a yi amfani da kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kuma Multi-iyali gidajensu. Da bukatar ta yi, domin duk kayan powered by wani AC guda-lokaci na yanzu. Amma a kanta fasahar da ake bukata don yin hira - su runtse AC ƙarfin lantarki, tana mayar da shi a cikin wani m, gyara da mawadãta da sauran halaye. Shi ne wadannan lokacin da ka bukatar ka yi la'akari.

Rage irin ƙarfin lantarki ta amfani da gidajen wuta

A mafi sauki hanyar - shi ne don amfani mai low irin ƙarfin lantarki gidan wuta abin da ya sa cikin hira. A farko Tuddan qunshi a mafi yawan jũya fiye da sakandare. Idan akwai bukatar a rage ƙarfin lantarki sau biyu ko sau uku, da kuma na biyu nada ba za a iya amfani da su. A gidan wuta farko Winding ake amfani da matsayin inductive divider (idan wani bends daga shi). A iyali kayan gidajen wuta ana amfani da shi, tare da sakandare windings an dokar ta-da kuzari 5, 12 ko 24 volts.

Wannan ne da aka fi amfani da dabi'u a cikin zamani iyali kayan. 20-30 shekaru da suka wuce da mafi yawan kayan aiki samar da irin ƙarfin lantarki a 9 volt. A tube televisions da amfilifa bukata akai ƙarfin lantarki na 150-250 V da kuma AC zuwa 6.3 filaments (wasu fitilu ciyar daga 12.6). Saboda haka, na biyu Tuddan na gidajen wuta qunshi wannan yawan jũya a matsayin farko. A fasaha ta zamani, ne ƙara used inverter samar da wutar lantarki (as a kwamfuta wutar lantarki), da zane hada da mataki-type gidan wuta, shi yana da matukar kananan girma.

A irin ƙarfin lantarki divider fadin inductor

Inductance - a nada rauni jan (yawanci) a kan wani karfe waya ko a ferromagnetic core. Gidan wuta - shi ne mai irin inductor. Idan daga tsakiyar farko Tuddan yi janye, shi zai zama daidai da ƙarfin lantarki tsakanin su da matsananci karshe. Kuma shi zai zama daidai da rabin da wadata da irin ƙarfin lantarki. Amma a cikin wannan hali, idan da gidan wuta kanta an tsara aiki tare da wannan musamman samar da irin ƙarfin lantarki.

Amma ba za ka iya amfani da dama coils (misali, ya dauki biyu), to connect su a jerin da kunshe a cikin AC cibiyar sadarwa. Sanin inductance darajar, shi ne mai sauki yi lissafin abin da ya faru a kan kowane daga cikinsu:

1. U (L1) = U1 * (L1 / (L1 + L2)).
2. U (L2) = U1 * (L2 / (L1 + L2)).

A cikin wadannan dabarbari, L1 da L2 - inductance na farko da na biyu spools, U1 - mains ƙarfin lantarki a volts, U (L1) da kuma U (L2) - ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin farko da na biyu inductors bi da bi. A zane na wannan divider haihuwarka suna yadu amfani da aunawa da na'urorin.

divider capacitors

A Popular makirci amfani don rage darajar da AC wadata. Amfani da shi a DC iya ba, kamar yadda wani capacitor, da Theorem na Kirchhoff, da DC mahada - wannan rata. A wasu kalmomin, da yanzu ta hanyar da shi ba zai zuba. Amma yana da wani reactance, kuma shi ne iya bice ƙarfin lantarki a lokacin aiki a AC kewaye capacitor. Divider kewaye kama da abin da aka bayyana a sama, amma maimakon inductances ana amfani condensers. A lissafi an yi amfani da wadannan dabarbari:

1. Amsawa capacitor juriya: X (C) = 1 / (2 * 3,14 * f * C).
2. A irin ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin C1: U (C1) = (C2 * U) / (C1 + C2).
3. A irin ƙarfin lantarki drop fadin C2: U (C1) = (C1 * U) / (C1 + C2).

A nan, C1 kuma C2 - capacitors, U - mains ƙarfin lantarki, f - mita na yanzu.

divider resistors

A makirci ne sosai kama da na baya wadanda, amma suna amfani da tsayayyen resistors. Hanyar lissafi na divider ne dan kadan daban-daban daga sama. Students za a iya amfani da biyu a haihuwarka AC da kuma DC. Za mu iya cewa shi ne na kowa da kowa. Za ka iya amfani da shi don tattara Buck ƙarfin lantarki Converter. Lissafin lokuttan drop ko'ina kowane resistor aka samar da wadannan dabarbari:

1. U (R1) = (R1 * U) / (R1 + R2).
2. U (R2) = (R2 * U) / (R1 + R2).

Ya kamata a lura daya gargadi: load juriya darajar ya zama 1-2 umarni na girma ƙananan fiye da na rarraba resistors. In ba haka ba, da daidaito da lissafi zai zama sosai m.

Practical wutar lantarki kewaye: gidan wuta

Don zaɓar ikon gidan wuta, za ka bukatar ka san wasu muhimman bayanai:

1. Power masu amfani da suke bukatar zuwa connect.
2. Tamanin da mains ƙarfin lantarki.
3. Tamanin da so irin ƙarfin lantarki a sakandare Tuddan.

Don lissafta yawan jũya a cikin primary nada, kana bukatar 50 raba da yankin na core. A gicciye sashe da aka lasafta ta da dabara:

S = 1,2 * √P1.

A ikon P1 = P2 / yadda ya dace. A yadda ya dace da gidan wuta ba zai kasance mafi girma daga 0.8 (ko 80%). Saboda haka, a lokacin da kirga matsakaicin darajar da aka dauka - 0.8.

Ikon a sakandare Tuddan:

P2 = U2 * I2.

Wadannan bayanai suna samuwa ta hanyar tsoho, don haka yin lissafi ne, ba wuya. Ga yadda za a rage irin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa 12 volts amfani da wani gidan wuta. Amma dai ba duka: kayan powered by kai tsaye halin yanzu, da kuma fitarwa na sakandare Tuddan - alternating. Yana bukatar ya sa 'yan mafi canje-canje.

Supply kewaye tubalan: a rectifier da tace

Next ne mayar AC zuwa DC. A saboda wannan dalili, semiconductor diodes ko taro. A mafi sauki irin rectifier ne guda diode. ya kira wani rabin-kalaman. Amma matsakaicin rarraba aka samu ta gada kewaye, wanda damar ba kawai don daidaita alternating halin yanzu, amma kuma a rabu da matsakaicin ripple. Amma irin wannan Converter kewaye shi ne har yanzu bai cika ba, kamar yadda da m bangaren na daya semiconductor diode ba rabu da. A mataki-saukar ƙarfin lantarki gidan wuta 220 za su iya maida da AC ƙarfin lantarki ga wannan mita, amma tare da wani karami darajar.

Electrolytic capacitors an yi amfani da ikon kayayyaki kamar yadda tace. A cewar Kirchhoff ta Theorem, irin wannan capacitor a AC kewaye shi ne wani shugaba da kuma lokacin aiki a akai - discontinuity. Saboda haka, akai bangaren zai zartsi, kuma m za a rufe a kan kanta, saboda haka, kada ka wuce a kan wannan tace. Sauki da kuma AMINCI - wannan shi ne abin da characterizes wadannan tacewa. Har ila yau, da juriya da kuma inductance za a iya amfani da smoothing pulsations. Similar constructions an yi amfani da ko da a cikin mota janareto.

irin ƙarfin lantarki tsari

Da ka koya yadda za a rage irin ƙarfin lantarki da ake so matakin. Yanzu shi yana bukatar dattako. A saboda wannan dalili, musamman na'urorin - zener diodes, wanda aka sanya na silicon. Su suna shigar a cikin DC fitarwa da samar da lantarki. Ka'idar aiki ne cewa semiconductor ne iya zuwa ƙetare a wasu irin ƙarfin lantarki, da ragi ne tuba zuwa cikin zafin rana da kuma aka ba da lagireto cikin yanayi. A wasu kalmomin, idan fitarwa da samar da lantarki na 15 volts, da stabilizer 12 B, to, zai rasa shi kamar yadda kuke bukata. A bambanci a cikin 3-memba zai tafi don zafi (makamashi kiyayewa dokar ne m).

ƙarshe

A gaba daya daban-daban zane - wani mataki-saukar ƙarfin lantarki kayyadewa, ya sa 'yan canje-canje. Na farko, da layin ƙarfin lantarki yana tuba zuwa DC tare da wani high mita (har zuwa 50 000 Hz). An stabilized da kawota ga bugun jini gidan wuta. Bugu da ari, akwai wani kishiya canza zuwa aiki irin ƙarfin lantarki (AC ko karami meaningfully). Ta hanyar amfani da lantarki sauya (thyristor), a DC ƙarfin lantarki yana tuba zuwa AC da ake bukata mita (a networks kasar mu - 50 Hz).