United States a yakin duniya na: tarihi facts

Riga a farkon karni na ashirin da Amurka an masana'antu ikon, iya gasa da wani Turai erasure. A yakin duniya na farko da aka goyan bayan Amerika da yawa daga baya fiye da dukan masõya, duk da haka shi a yarda ta yi ya fi na wannan halin da ake ciki. United States a yakin duniya na yi girman dodgy Odyssey. Shi ne m lura da cewa wannan harakar an dauka da su a kan makamai da kuma tare da wasu bambancin da ake amfani da ko da a yau.

mafi wayo

A shekarar 1918, watan Yuli da Agusta samu jera Jamus da Franco-Anglo-American sojojin yaki a jini daga Marne River. Janar Jamus m shi ne na karshe, kamar yadda yaƙin ya juya ga zama wani bala'i a gare su, kuma ya kai ga karshe shan kashi. Wannan lokacin da dakarun Amurka na farko dauki a cikin yaki kai tsaye da hannu. Kafin cewa akwai kawai tattalin arziki da goyon baya, ba tare da wani amfani domin kansu. United States a yakin duniya na, ko cin nasara da duniya rikicin, wanda ja daga da kuma mafi m kasar. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin 1913 da masana'antu samar da Amurka gaba da sauran duniya, da shi samar more karfe, mafi nasara da aka hako ma'adinai.

Idan muka kwatanta da bayanai a kan sigogi na Turai da Amurka, tare Faransa, Birtaniya da kuma Jamus, a matsayin ci ba mined. Amurka yakin duniya na haifar da karuwar tattalin arziki ta aiki. Masõya suka yi jihãdi, don haka sai ta yi fuskanci wasu matsaloli. The United States tare da haɗin gwiwar sauran kawayenta sun iya kara samar da rabi. Ga shi ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne tare da wani haske hannun dangi na mutane, ba kafin gogaggen hikers: Amurka samar da sunadarai da kuma bama-bamai na kawayenta, ta haka ne enriching hanzari. Amma don gabatar da nasu sojojin Amurka a yakin duniya na a ba sauri.

idi na marinjaya

Saboda haka, da soja exploits na Amurka fĩfĩta shari'a rawa ( "halin kirki hukunci", a cewar shugaban kasar Wilson). Duk da haka, a lokacin da ya bayyana a denouement a Washington m. Nan da nan ta faru da cewa wani yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu, da kuma "idin nasara," bã su da wuri. Kawai a 1917 da shawarar da aka sanya, kuma a karshe ya ɗauki Amurka shigarwa cikin yakin duniya na farko. Wannan ne dan kadan fanshe da anti-American jin zuciya daga cikin kawayenta. Tamanin da dubu biyar US soja ya shiga yaƙi na Marne. Bane jira da rabi daga cikinsu. A masõya, dole ne in ce a wannan lokaci rasa miliyoyin. Goals cewa fatalwa da Amurka shigarwa cikin yakin duniya na farko ne bayyananne.

Bisa ga tarihi, Andrei Malov, Amirkawa ciniki sosai rayayye da duk takaddama al'ummai ba dividends, boosting masana'antu aji, Munã rage rashin aikin yi. Kuma lokacin da ya shiga cikin yaki, a lokacin da ya lokaci zuwa raba kek. Suna da, a cikin wannan rabo ya shiga. Akwai wani rabo na duniya, har yanzu inganta sakamakon yakin duniya na II ga Amurka. Bayan cikar zaman lafiya mafi sha'awar shiga a cikin halittar League of Nations, a cikin kwata 'yanci na Belgium, a cikin sama da mika Faransa Lorraine da Alsace, a fadada daga cikin ƙasar Serbia da a saki ta zuwa cikin teku, shi ne Amurka dauki a maido da Poland. Gasa a kan alheri na sauran kasashe? A'a, mai yiwuwa ba.

"Ilimi" dimokuradiyya a kowace hanya

Amurka da tabbaci dauki sama da dukan na'urar dilapidated duniya. Tattalin arziki da siyasa a lokacin yaki ne fiye da arba'in bisa dari na duniya ta reserves na zinariya a Amurka bankuna da kuma kasashen waje muna binta su goma sha biyu dala biliyan - a lokacin da wata babbar adadin. Wilson da kuma magajinsa kusantar up wani shiri da cewa an samu da yawa halittawa, haka ma, ya yanzu aiki. Neocons bayan Roosevelt tsara sakamakon yakin duniya na farko domin United States: "Mu ne a model na dimokuradiyya da kuma bukatar a koyar da shi ga dukan sauran al'umma ta kowane hanya." Bayan shekarar 1918, da most kasashen Turai bashi zuwa Amurka ne biyu da al'ummomi gaba.

Abin da ya faru a yanzu? A dukan duniya yana bukatar su, kuma biya shi da baya ba zai yiwu har da sosai karshe kwanaki na rayuwar 'yan adam. The United States a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Mun halitta mai kyau tushe. Nan da nan bayan shi flooded dukan Turai, American yawon bude ido, suka koya don amfani da bambanci a musayar rates. Sun Turawa ne da jin tsoro kishi muddin American hanyar rayuwa bai zama abu na makafi kwaikwayo: fasaha ci gaba, tare da guba 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, talla da kuma sheki. Tarayyar Soviet shi ne na karshe a cikin wannan hanya, musayar 'yancin "Snickers". Bayan duk, 'yanci ne ba a cikin samuwan kunya ne, kuma a kan daidai hakkokin to gidaje, ilimi, aiki, dama. Binsa bashi ta sauki zama ba kawai a trendsetter da moods, amma ya bukaci a kama karya al'amurran siyasa da tattalin arziki. Global ikon. Rasha da kuma Amurka a yakin duniya na taka leda m matsayin, sa'an nan su ƙaddara shi ne yada a cikin biyu gaba daya hanyoyi daban-daban - da 'yan adawa.

The League of Nations

Tun shekara ta 1914, Amurka da za'ayi diplomasiyya horar da a zakulse halitta da wasa dukan ban mamaki collisions, yayin da rike wani tsaka tsaki matsayi. Shi ne kawai a cikin watan Maris 1917 (6 ga watan Afrilu, New Style), Washington gane da rashin yiwuwar maneuvering. Lokacin da Amurka shiga yakin duniya na, Shugaba Wilson fili fitar da siffa halin da ake ciki: shi ne zai yiwu ya sadar da wani iko duka da pre-yaki domin, wanda Amurka taka leda a sakandare, borderland rawa a duniya na dangantakar kasa da kasa. Duk da haka, suna da Entente aka yi ba ta da alaka, ya kuma kasance ta yi shirki, game memba. Kamar wancan damar kula da 'yancin juna wajibai, zalla alliance, wanda ƙwarai fadada a wartime. Amma ya zama free cikin sharuddan annexations da kuma yankin reorganizations Amurka shi ne cikakken marasa amfani baki ɗaya, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa United States shiga yakin duniya na farko.

A Entente ne kullum fuskantar taba-kara bukatar taimako daga Amirkawa. Kuma ba kawai kudi da kuma makamai, amma sojojin. Wilson ya yi kira US burin a cikin wannan yaki, wanda duka-duka sabani da Turai manufar zumunta ma'auni na sojojin a kudin asarar da dama na mutane zuwa kai-shiba. Great iko, kamar Amurka ya yi ĩmãni ya routinely karya da manufa na kai-kafiya yana nufin cewa duniya domin ba zai zama dorewa. Shi ya sa Wilson aka tambayi don ƙirƙirar sabon, m kasa da kasa jiki, wanda aka tsara domin cika tare da na gama tsaro da kuma tabbatar da wata gaskiya shiri na duk kasa da kasa rigingimu. Dalili na aikin samar da League of Nations zama wani sa na fiye amince da ka'idojin, tsakanin wanda shine kai-da dalilin da al'ummai ba. Saboda haka, rawar da Amurka a yakin duniya wãyi gari marinjãya, duk da sosai marigayi a ta gabatarwar.

London, Paris, Moscow

A lokacin da shirin halittar League of Nations, Wilson kokarin shawo masõya cewa na farko da irin wannan shiri ne a duniya, kuma zai iya taimaka wa duka biyu da tsaro na teku hanyoyi domin Unlimited amfani da wani jihohin duniya da kuma hana duk wars fara da warwarewarsu contractual wajibai. Ƙaddamarwa na kowa duniya al'amurran da suka shafi duniya ra'ayin jama'a. Paris da kuma London suna dauke da manufofin kafa ta Wilson, m daga gaskiya da kuma ma sun fi mayar da m. A takaice, ba da babbar sha'awa David Lloyd George, bãbu Zhorzha Klemanso da tsari ba da farko sa. Matsaloli a Turai sun mafi latsa: yaki kokarin ba to kara, kamar yadda Amurka blyuli saka hannu a raya na harka sun kasance a duk bad: yajin, pacifists, har ma da Vatican ya zama matsakanci tsakanin takaddama kasashen. Don haka shi ne zai iya rasa da yaki.

ma, ba kome tafi smoothly game da Rasha. Kokarin sake duba takamaiman yanayi riga ya faru, da kuma bukatun da Rasha ƙwarai infringed bisa, duka biyu a Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya a nan gaba yarjejeniya. Sai wucin gwamnatin da kuma yin musayar ra'ayoyi tare da Amurka diplomasiyya manufa, kokarin samun soja da kuma taimakon tattalin arziki, da waje tattalin arziki. A Rasha, ma, idan ta kasance duk bad: da rikicin shi ne ba kawai tattalin arziki, amma kuma siyasa, da cikakken auka daga cikin sojojin da kuma sanya wa gaban. Ally Rasha ya zama musamman unreliable. Masõya suka karbe iko da halin da ake ciki: jagoranci shipping Ingila, da gudummawar da fama iyawa daga cikin sojojin Rasha, Faransa, Amurka tsunduma a Railway kai. A farkon Nuwamba 1917, da wucin gwamnatin har yanzu ga haske nan gaba da sarautar, kuma suka aikata nuna su sadaukar da yaki da m karshen. Amma a kan Nuwamba 7, sabon salon da alamar kasuwanci ce: "Wane ne a nan lokaci sauka?" - isa.

neutrality

Daga shekara ta 1914 har 1917 da United States cikin nuna juyayi ga kasashen yammacin Turai, amma ya kasance tsaka tsaki, shi ne so don rinjaya. Wilson ya nuna cewa ya m hallakaswa tarzomar rikici, kokarin sasanta, cimma duniya ba tare da kowa ya yi nasara. Success ba lashe. Watakila saboda hannun da Entente kasashen of America ruwaito a kan jadawalin, kuma shi ne mai makami a karon farko a cikin tarihin dangi na bil'adama. The UK ya kullum sarrafawa tekuna, da kuma Amurka ba ta gamsu, da muhawara kan dokar teku na tsaka tsaki kasashen taba ragu ba.

Jamus da kotuna, kulle a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, a kowane hanya ƙoƙarin tserewa daga kewaye. Kamar wancan ne aka haifi wani sabon makami - submarines. Yanzu, baruwan, Salama ciniki kasashe sun rasa tsaron tafiya a kan tekuna. A 1915 da Jamus nutse Birtaniya jirgin da fasinjoji - "Lusitania" ya tafi da kasa, shan tare da shi fiye da dari American jama'a. Wilson kokarin sa Jamus a kan view, jayayya da cewa abin da suke siffantawa da dokoki na kasa da kasa doka. Jamus ba da damar kansa da za a rinjayi har 1917 da kuma submarine yaƙi ba su daina. Sa'an nan, kamar yadda idan ya amince. Duk da haka, yarjejeniyar da aka ba complied, nitsewa kamar wata biyu dama manyan US kotu. Kuma Afrilu 6, 1917, majalisar dokokin Amurka ayyana yaki kan Jamus.

ajiye fuska

Wilson, da ya zo da baƙin ciki a matsayin peacemaker da kuma matsakanci, bai kai na duniya. Amurka da nufin a yakin duniya na farko, da farko mayar da hankali zalla tattalin arzikin yayin da rike neutrality. Amma shi bai faru ba. Na yi don yin soja taimako ga nasara a kan Jamus. New hari da aka gano da kuma hankali ya tashi zuwa cikakken tsawo kafin shigarwa a cikin yaki, a kan kafa na League of Nations, da kuma samun iko a kan kasashen Turai da kuma duniya. Bayan Jamus tsananta submarine yaki, Amurka nan da nan Ya shimfiɗa sojan ruwa da kuma tattalin arziki da taimako ga abokan adawar su, da kuma fara shirye-shirye domin balaguro zuwa Yammacin Front riga a cikin fama raka'a.

Janar Pershing, nada kwamandan a manyan, ya sanar da wani roko ga sojoji, da kuma game da miliyan maza daga ashirin da daya zuwa talatin da daya sa Khaki. Daga farkon a watan Maris na shekarar 1918 Allied sojojin kokarin rike da baya da makiya m. A Jamus an ciyar da karfi, Birtaniya da kuma Faransa sun ga babban har zub da jini. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wani sabo ne sojojin Amurka sun yi nasara a taimaka wa kawayenta, da kuma counteroffensive, da kuma m shan kashi na rundunar Jamus. Amirkawa duka tattalin arzikin tsarin da aka gina a cikin wannan yaki. Matakan da aka dauka shi ne da gaske unprecedented. Irin wannan jiha iko da tattalin arziki da aka ba tukuna sani.

tarayya iko

Wilson shige dokokin ne musamman tasiri a cikin kungiyar na raya ayyuka. An halitta na musamman sashen Railways, su tafi da gasar da kuma tabbatar da tsananin daidaituwa na dukkan ayyukan. A fadi masu iko don sarrafa Enterprises aka bai wa soja-masana'antu management, wanda kara kuzari samar da kuma kauce wa kwafi. Farashin alkama, da aka gyarawa, tare da sosai high matakin. Mun aka gabatar da kara soja kayayyaki "bespshenichnye" da "bezmyasnye" kwanaki na yawan jama'a. Fuel albarkatun da aka ma rigidly gyarawa, su rarraba da kuma samar da sun kasance a ƙarƙashin m dubawa.

Yana da aka ban mamaki ba ne kawai matakan karfafa sojojin da kuma soja iko. Good amfanin da suka kawo, da kuma manoma da kuma masana'antu ma'aikata, cewa shi ne matalauci. A American soja inji aka ɓullo da kuma ƙarfafa. Bugu da kari, Amurka ta sanya babbar rance ga majiɓinta. Yana ce a sama game da girman da waje bashi na kasashen Turai da binsa bashi. Liberty Loan shaidu da aka bayar, saboda abin da kasar da kuma gudanar da su ci gaba da raya wannan manyan halin kaka. The United States a farko, yakin duniya na biyu sãmi wata hanya ta cikin duniya matsaloli ga nasa enrichment.

goma sha huɗu da maki

Da lakabi na da'awarsu, a 1918 cewa Wilson gabatar Congress game da yakin duniya na farko da kuma Amurka a raga a shi. A da shi, ya kuma zayyana shirin na maido da kwanciyar hankali a duniya da kuma kira ga halittar League of Nations. Ta, ba shakka, yana a rashin daidaito da soja dalilai, sun amince da Allied kasashe, da kuma saba wa da yawa m yarjejeniyar tsakanin m kasashen. Amma wannan matakin da aka sosai tasiri.

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1918, Central kasashen Turai sun miƙa duniya kai tsaye zuwa Wilson, kyalewa su Turai adawar. Daga cikin US zuwa Turai don aika wata manufa to House gangarawa. A watan Nuwamba, Jamus sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya. Duk wannan ya nuna yadda da matsayi na Amirka da kasashen Turai suna da karfi saba wa juna. A tattalin arziki bangaren na rayuwa da haihuwa da kuma karshe rududdugaggu a Turai ba alkawari azumi karfafawa da kuma sake gina, da kuma Amurka a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, sun da yawa ƙarfafa tattalin arzikin. Plus mun aikata ba tare da hallaka. Wannan kasa bai taba kaddamar da yaki a kan karkararta.

duniya

A shekara ta 1919 da kuma 1920, sun m tattaunawar zaman lafiya. A dukan shakka da Wilson gaba daya yawaita halittar League of Nations. Don wannan manufar da aka cimma, da ya tilasta ya dauki wani yawan daidaitawa daga indemnities zuwa yankin al'amurran da suka shafi.

A karshen watan Yuni 1919 shi rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya, wadda ta zama culmination na siyasa aiki, Wilson. Ba kome tafi smoothly. 'Yan Republican ya lashe zaben a 1918, sabili da haka a kan ba tukuna kafa League of Nations shirya iko motsi.

A farko yanke shawara a ta ni'imar da aka katange, ƙulla da aka karkashin barazana. A majalisar dattijai so canje-canje a cikin yarjejeniyar, Wilson tsayayya har Yuli 1921. Saboda haka, a zahiri har zuwa wannan lokaci da Amurka shi ne har yanzu a yaki. "Red tsoro" yi daidaitawa, kuma kawai sai, majalisa ta zartas da wani ƙuduri na biyu da bẽnãye, wanda ta sanar da kammala sa hannu a cikin yaki. A matsayin {asar Amirka, bayan yakin duniya na ƙarfafa ta fuskar tattalin arziki, amma m rikicin siyasa. Kuma saboda League of Nations ta fara aiki ba tare da Amurka hallara.