UMTS - abin da yake da shi? UMTS fasaha. salula sadarwa

Salula sadarwa a halin yanzu ana ci gaba a daya shugabanci kawai - don inganta ingancin sadarwa da kuma kara da data kudi. A kasuwannin duniya akwai wani ci gaba da aiwatar da samuwar m matsayin da fasahar. A cikin layi tare da wannan, sabon zane-zane da kuma sunayen sarauta. Kuma daya daga cikinsu shi ne UMTS. Wannan shi ya kamata farraba.

prehistory

mobile duniya kasuwar ne a halin yanzu mafi riba. Yana daukan bangare a kusan kowane dan kasa na kowace ƙasa. Amma to, akwai kuma m gasar. Akwai m kyautata na mobile sadarwa da fasaha. Manyan masana'antun suna zuba jari sosai a cikin ci gaban da sabon kayan aiki da aka gyara domin wayoyin sadarwa tsarin. UMTS fasaha ya zama daya daga cikin wadanda aukuwa.

Mobile Communications cibiyar sadarwa tsara ta uku 3G

Yana dogara ne a kan fakiti watsa bayanai. Ana zargin wannan networks saboda da kara bukatar high-gudun fasaha. Modern uku tsara networks ake amfani a fannonin:

• video wayar sadarwa;
• m musayar bayanai a daban-daban multimedia Formats.
• watsa yawa data da kuma images.
• aiki tare da intranets da kuma yanar-gizo;
• watsa shirye-shirye multimedia bayanai a asymmetric yanayin.

Batutuwa da suka shafi standardization ga 3G-networks, a halin yanzu tsunduma a cikin International Sadarwa Union. Yanzu ya zama dole a yi la'akari da UMTS fasaha. Wannan ne, zai zama bayyananne idan ka dubi halittarsa da kuma amfani.

halittar

UMTS fasahar da aka ɓullo da Turai Cibiyar Sadarwa Standards musamman domin Turai. By wannan raguwa a hiding wadannan: Universal Mobile Sadarwa System. Kamar yadda WCDMA iska ke dubawa da ake amfani a nan. Kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan biyu Concepts ne gaba daya daban-daban, da cewa ba da damar su yi amfani da ma'ana.

A UMTS misali ne sau da yawa gani a matsayin tsaka wani zaɓi tsakanin 2G fasahar da 3G-4G. Wannan shi ne, tare da taimakon shi ba za ka iya yin wani karin m miƙa mulki ga wani sabon matakin na mobile sadarwa ba tare da wani gagarumin canji na kayan aiki, data kasance a wannan lokacin. Kamar yadda cibiyar sadarwa tushe line amfani a nan GSM MAP, da kuma a rediyo damar cibiyar sadarwa suna GSM / EDGE da WCDMA fasahar hade. Recent gina a kan saman riga data kasance GSM networks, amma aiki a layi daya. Sauya sheka tsakanin cibiyoyin sadarwa da saye tashar ne da za'ayi ta atomatik.

Jigon fasahar

A UMTS (da kuma yadda shi aiki, za a fahimci mafi) garwaya tẽku biyu daban-daban rediyo watsa labarai dabaru. Sama isar na'urorin da ake amfani da UTRA musaya. Saboda da jaddadawa 3GPP Releace 4 sun kafofin watsa labarai ƙofa, sigina ƙofa kuma uwar garke sharuddan sauyawa cibiyar. Saboda haka shi gudanar ya raba MSC sigina bayanai da kuma bayanan mai amfani. Bugu da kari, wannan jaddadawa ƙunshi cikakken bayanin irin duniya tushe naúra zuwa UMTS rediyo damar cibiyar sadarwa. Mene ne wannan? Wannan inji damar domin data rates har zuwa 2 megabits da na biyu. Yanzu akwai goma sha 3GPP bayani dalla-dalla.

UTRAN aka tsara don hada da sansanin tashan kuma na rediyo cibiyar sadarwa, da kuma shi ne ke da alhakin aiki na duk RF kayayyaki da kuma tashoshi a UMTS. RNC ne a cibiyar sadarwa kula, wanda za a iya saka kai tsaye a cikin sansanin tashan kayan aiki. A hade da wadannan biyu abubuwa, wato sansanin tashan mai kula da m to da shi, a wani tsarin model na UMTS cibiyar sadarwa da ake kira cibiyar sadarwa subsystem. A daya tushe naúrar za a iya amfani da dama irin wannan subsystems.

Damar aiki

3G UMTS damar yin amfani da kayan aiki daga daban-daban masana'antun, tun da shi yana amfani da lu dubawa. Amfani luR samar da wata dama ga aiwatar da wani m handoff handoff tsakanin mahara tashoshin, wanda zai iya amfani da dama kayan aiki. Salula sadarwa misali UMTS aka kare daga hutun connection a kan tafi, domin shi yana amfani da mai taushi mika. Alal misali, lokacin da tuki a kan babbar hanya da kuma gaba ɗaya ya kafa tushe tashoshin, da nisa daga daya daga cikinsu sadarwa tare da abokin ciniki aka aika zuwa mafi kusa zuwa gare shi. A dangane da aka ba katse abruptly, kamar yadda ya faru a GSM networks. UMTS a cikin wannan girmamawa ne da yawa friendlier zuwa ga mai amfani. Hakika, wannan gaskiya ne kawai ga bangarori da cewa an bambanta da kyau kewayon cibiyar sadarwa. Lub dubawa da aka tsara gaba daya bude musamman don jawo hankalin zuba jari na kayan aiki masana'antun a cikin wannan filin.

cibiyar sadarwa kayan aiki

Tubalan kashin kunsa da na al'ada kayan aiki, daga cikinsu:

• transcoder.
• da ziyarci littãfi.
• wani adireshin littãfi.
• GPRS support naúrar.
• Gateway komawa mulkin zuwa wasu cibiyoyin sadarwa;
• ya sauya sheka cibiyar for Mobile Communications.
• sansanin tashan mai kula.

Last daukan kan aiki na rarraba tashar hanya, tashar sharuddan sauyawa, kungiyoyi mika, tarin da kuma watsa telemetry da iko subsystem. A transcoder kallafa wa tsarinsa da kuma dikodi mai magana da sigina na daukar kwayar cutar ta amfani da matsawa. A adireshin littãfi an wakilta wani database na duk biyan kuɗi na mobile cibiyar sadarwarka. A bako littãfi ƙunshi bayani game da biyan kuɗi wanda ke a cikin kewayon cibiyar sadarwa yankin.

UMTS aiki manufa

Wannan shi tã bayyana daga cikin gabatar ba description, kazalika da gudanar da irin wannan cibiyar sadarwa, shi wajibi ne don fahimta. A block CN yi mafi muhimmanci gudanar, wanda aka rage a haɗa shi da hannu tashar zuwa cibiyar sadarwa, shi kara paging, salon salula sarrafawa da kuma zabin da saye, da aiwatar da shigowa da kuma kira mai fita, da saye mika tsakanin tushe tashoshin. CN aka Azancin kasu kashi biyu domains - CS da PS. A tushe tashar ne ke da alhakin aiki da sigina na rediyo, tashar coding da kuma kudi karbuwa, kuma mafi. Bugu da kari, shi iko da ikon ciki madauki. Salula UMTS iya aiwatar da wani dangane da daban-daban na waje cibiyoyin sadarwar da aka conventionally kasu kashi biyu kungiyoyin: tare da Circuit Switched da Packet Switched networks. A farko zaɓi ne ga tarho sadarwa, da kuma na biyu - to haɗi zuwa Intanit. Tun da ya sauya sheka cibiyar co-ordinates ta aiki tare da tukwãne networks, shi aka amince da duk siffofin da ake bukata domin sauya sheka tashoshi, da kuma shi ne ke da alhakin dangane management. Sauya sheka Center aikin hanyoyin da ake bukata domin mika da wuri rajista.

ƙarin Features

sabon ƙarni networks halin gaban QoS siffofi da wani sa na manyan al'amurra: da streaming, conversational, m da kuma bango. Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da miƙa mulki ga 3G amfani UMTS. Wannan shi da aka bayyana a cikin wasu daki-daki. Muhimmanci, da karshe ganin irin wannan sauyin na bukatar canji a matsayin mai saye m da kuma sansanin tashan subsystems. Bugu da kari, da bukatar su maye gurbin mafi yawan kayan aiki amfani a matakin da zuciyar cibiyar sadarwa a wannan lokacin. The gine bambanta muhimmanci da gaban da rabuwa cikin biyu m canza matakin - sharuddan sauyawa kuma siginar aiki iko da sabis. Wannan duk wata wasiya ga cewa ga m miƙa mulki ga na gaba tsara networks bukatar hažaka da tushe tashar subsystems da kuma mai amfani da tashoshi. New UMTS makada, da kuma ganin dukan waɗannan manufofin za su bukatar halittar lantarki da kuma jawo babbar zuba jari.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

A lokacin, to 3G hada da dama matsayin, na duniya da ya fi yadu amfani CDMA2000 da UMTS. Dukansu fasahar da su ne bisa mahara damar code rarraba sakonni. Da taimakon su sarrafa fadada kunkuntar band sakonni a al'ada cibiyoyin sadarwar salula. Hakika, wannan fadada da aka tsara don samar da mara waya broadband samun dama zuwa Intanit.

Makirci da irin networks mai sauki ne: mai amfani da na'urar hade da hannu afareta tashar idan ta na goyon bayan wannan misali da shi ne mafi kusa. Salula sadarwa a wannan yanayin aiki a kan yawa ya fi girma radius fiye da Wi-Fi, don haka biyan kuɗi ba haka mai tsanani iyakance a sarari, ta amfani mara igiyar waya da internet connection. UMTS makada iya kage ji dadin duk ayyuka bayar. Idan mai amfani ya fita daga radius na daya tashar, ya fāɗa cikin kewayon wani, ba tare da wani asarar sadarwa. Mafi sau da yawa UMTS mita ne 2100 MHz.

Don aiki tare da irin networks bukatar musamman mai amfani da kayan aiki, watau smart phones cewa goyi bayan 3G, USB-modems, wayoyin salula na zamani, Allunan, kuma kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka kwakwalwa sanye take da gina-in kayayyaki.

Biya 3G ne mafi yawa da za'ayi a cikin daya daga hanyoyi biyu: biyan bashin zirga-zirga ko biyan kuɗi. A karo na biyu idan, mai amfani yana da damar yin amfani da yanar-gizo don wani lokaci, kullum a watan jiya. Akwai conventionally Unlimited jadawalin kuɗin fito da tsare-tsaren, wanda da fairly manyan zirga-zirga ƙa'ida, amma shi ne yawanci wuya don ciyar da wannan watan.