Uku-lokaci mota a single-lokaci networks. Wayoyi lokaci motor

Akwai yanayi a rayuwa a lokacin da kana so ka hada da wasu irin masana'antu kayan aiki a cikin talakawa m mains wadata. To, akwai wani matsala da yawan wayoyi. A inji tsara don aiki a tsire-tsire, tashoshi, yawanci uku, da kuma wani lokacin hudu, da kuma. Abin da ya yi tare da su, inda a haɗa su? Wadanda suka yi kokarin kokarin daban-daban zažužžukan, tabbatar da cewa Motors ba kawai son juya. Shin shi ma zai yiwu to connect guda-lokaci uku-lokaci mota? Eh, za ka iya cimma wani juyawa. Abin baƙin ciki, a wannan yanayin, da ikon zai babu makawa fada da kusan rabin, amma a wasu yanayi shi ne - kadai hanyar fita.

Awon karfin wuta uku-lokaci cibiyar sadarwa, da kuma su rabo

Domin fahimtar yadda za a haɗa wani uku-lokaci mota zuwa wani al'ada kanti, ya kamata ka gane yadda za a dangantaka da irin ƙarfin lantarki a masana'antu cibiyar sadarwa. Awon karfin wuta dabi'u suna da kyau a san - 220 da kuma 380 volts. A baya can, shi ne har yanzu 127, amma a cikin hamsin hamsin na wannan zabin da aka watsar a cikin ni'imar mafi high. Inda ya yi wadannan "sihiri lambobi"? Me ya sa ba 100 ko 200, ko 300? Da alama ya zama da sauki a zagaye lambobi zuwa la'akari da.

Mafi yawa daga cikin masana'antu lantarki kayan aiki da aka tsara don dangane da uku-lokaci alternating halin yanzu. A irin ƙarfin lantarki na kowane lokaci da cikin tsaka tsaki waya ne 220 volts, kamar a kan gida kanti. Ina zo daga 380? Abu ne mai sauki isa ya duba wani isosceles alwatika da kusassari na 60, 30 da kuma 30 digiri, wanda yake shi ne vector zane na voltages. A tsawon mafi tsawo gefe ne daidai da tsawon cinyarsa, ta tara da cos 30 °. Bayan sauki lissafin za a iya gani cewa 220 x cos 30 ° = 380.

lokaci motor na'ura

Ba iri daban-daban na masana'antu Motors za a iya sarrafa daga rai guda lokaci. Mafi na kowa daga gare su - da "workhorses" cewa yin up yawancin lantarki inji a wani sha'anin - asynchronous inji da damar 1 - 1.5 kVA. Ta yaya uku-lokaci mota a uku-lokaci tsarin, wanda shi ne aka yi nufi?

The kirkiro wannan sauyi na'urar da aka Rasha masanin kimiyya Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky. Wannan fice lantarki injiniya ya mai taimako ga ka'idar uku-lokaci mains, wanda a cikin lokaci ya zama rinjaye. Asynchronous motor lokaci igiyoyin ayyuka da shigar da daga stator windings a kan na'ura mai juyi conductors ake rufe. A sakamakon su faru na wani gajeren-circuited windings a kowanne daga abin da akwai wani Magnetic filin da cewa interacts da stator ikon Lines. Kamar wancan samu karfin juyi, manyan ga madauwari motsi na mota axis.

A windings aka shirya a wani kwana na 120 °, sa'an nan juyawa filin samar da kowane daga cikin bulan sequentially Firaministan magnetizable kowane gefe na na'ura mai juyi.

A alwatika ko wani star?

Uku-lokaci mota a uku-lokaci tsarin za a iya kunna a hanyoyi biyu - da tsaka tsaki, ko kuma ba tare da shi. Na farko hanya da ake kira "star", a wannan yanayin, kowane daga cikin windings ne a lokaci irin ƙarfin lantarki (tsakanin zamani da kuma tsaka tsaki), daidai a cikin yanayin 220 V uku-lokaci motor wayoyi zane "alwatika" yakan haifar da jerin dangane da uku windings da wadata line (380) da irin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin sharuddan sauyawa nodes. A karo na biyu idan, da mota za su samar da mafi girma ta game da rabin ikon.

Yadda za a juya a kan mota a gaban shugabanci?

Control uku-lokaci motor iya nufa wani canji a cikin shugabanci na juyawa a gaban, watau baya. Don yin wannan, ku kawai bukatar musanya biyu wayoyi na uku.

Domin saukaka, da tsari canji a cikin mota m akwatin suna bayar webs, sanya yawanci na tagulla. Don kunna da "star" m connect da uku fitarwa wayoyi na windings tare. "Bamuda" samun kadan mafi rikitarwa, amma kuma shi zai iya rike kowane lantarki sakandare cancantar.

Phase-canjawa iya aiki

Saboda haka, wani lokacin tambaya taso, da yadda za a gama a uku-lokaci mota a wani al'ada gida kanti. Idan ka kawai kokarin to connect to toshe biyu wayoyi, shi ba zai juya. Domin samun kasuwanci, shi wajibi ne don canzawa da zamani canjawa aiyuka irin ƙarfin lantarki a wasu kwana (zai fi dacewa 120 °). Don cimma wannan sakamako, za ka iya, idan ka yi amfani da lokaci-canjawa kashi. Rubuce wannan yana iya zama da inductance, kuma ko da juriya, amma sau da yawa uku-lokaci mota a wani guda lokaci cibiyar sadarwa da aka kunna ta amfani da wutar lantarki capacitance (capacitor), ake magana a kai a cikin Latin harafi C. makircinsu

Game da aikace-aikace na mãƙara, yana da wuya a tantance saboda haduwar su dabi'u (idan ta ba a nuna a kan na'urar). Don auna girma L ake bukata musamman na'urar ko tattara don wannan makirci. Bugu da kari, zabin da samuwa mai mãƙara yawanci iyakance. Duk da haka, wani gwaji lokaci-canjawa kashi iya karba, amma shi ne troublesome.

Menene ya faru sa'ad da engine aka kunna? A daya daga cikin dangane da maki an ciyar da sifili, a kan sauran - da lokaci, da kuma na uku - a wasu irin ƙarfin lantarki canja da wani kwana game da lokaci. Bayyanannu, kuma ba-gwani cewa engine aiki ba zai zama cikakken tare da girmamawa ga inji shaft iko, amma a wasu lokuta yana da isasshen juyawa daga cikin gaskiya. Duk da haka, a farawa iya bayyana wasu matsaloli kamar babu farawa da maki, m don matsawa da na'ura mai juyi daga kujerun. Abin da ya yi a cikin wannan hali?

farkon capacitor

A lokacin farko-up shaft kara kokarin da ake bukata don cin nasara da sojojin na inertia kuma a tsaye gogayya. Don kara karfin juyi, shi wajibi ne don shigar da ƙarin capacitor da alaka da kewaye kawai a farkon, sa'an nan switched off. Domin wadannan dalilai, da mafi kyau zaɓi ne don amfani da rufe pushbutton matsayi. Wayoyi zane for uku-lokaci mota tare da fara capacitor da aka nuna a kasa, shi ne mai sauki kuma mai saukin ganewa. A lokacin da ake ji ƙarfin lantarki kamata danna kan "Fara" button, da kuma fara capacitor zai haifar da ƙarin lokaci motsa. Bayan da engine untwisted to da ake so gudun button, za ka iya (kuma ya kamata) bari tafi da kawai aiki iya aiki zai kasance a cikin kewaye.

Lissafi na da capacitance dabi'u

Saboda haka, za mu gano cewa, domin a kunna su uku-lokaci mota a single-lokaci networks bukatar ƙarin wayoyi zane a cikinsa, a Bugu da kari zuwa farkon button, ya hada biyu capacitors. Suna bukatar su san darajar, in ba haka ba da tsarin za su yi aiki ba. Don fara da muka ayyana lantarki capacitance darajar ake bukata don a tilasta wa na'ura mai juyi a cire tafi. Alaka a layi daya da shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari:

C = Cm + Cp, inda:

C v - fara ƙarin switchable capacitance bayan takeoff.

C p - da aiki capacitor, wanda ya samar da juyawa.

Amma duk da haka muna bukatar tamanin da rated halin yanzu ina n (shi ne da aka jera a kan wani lakabi a haɗe zuwa engine a factory). Wannan siga kuma za a iya yin amfani da m saukin ganewa dabara:

I N = P / (3 x U), inda:

U - da irin ƙarfin lantarki a haɗa da "star" - 220, da kuma idan "alwatika", da 380 V.

P - ikon uku-lokaci mota, shi ne wani lokacin a cikin hali na asarar plaques ƙaddara da ido.

Saboda haka, dangane da ake bukata aiki ikon da aka lasafta ta:

Cp = Cp = 2800 N I / U - for "Star".

C p = 4800 N I / U - for "alwatika".

An fara capacitor dole ne mafi girma daga aiki na 2-3. Unit na awo - microfarad.

Akwai sosai sosai sauki hanyar yin lissafi da capacitance: C = P / 10, amma wannan dabara ba da oda lambobi maimakon da darajar. Duk da haka, da rikici a wani hali shi wajibi ne.

Me bukatar gyara

Hanyar lissafi sama ne approximations. Da fari dai, maras muhimmanci darajar a kan gidaje na lantarki damar iya bambanta ma daga ainihin. Abu na biyu, takarda capacitors (kullum magana, wani abu ba cheap) da aka akai-akai amfani da biyu hannun, kuma suna dukan sauran abubuwa, batun tsufa, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ma fi girma deflection na ce siga. Na uku, yanzu cewa za a cinye da engine dogara a kan inji load a kan shaft, sabili da haka ne kawai zai iya kimanta gwaje. Yadda za a yi da shi?

Yana zai bukaci a bit na haƙuri. A sakamakon na iya zama quite voluminous sa na capacitors alaka a layi daya da kuma a cikin jerin. Babban abu - bayan duk da kyau aikin gyara, don haka kamar yadda ba su fada kashe daga soldered iyakar da vibrations emanating daga engine. Kuma a sa'an nan, wata cũta ba zai sake bincika sakamakon da yiwu ya rage wuya da zane.

Jawo sama da baturin kwantena

Idan zubar da iyayengijinsu ba musamman electrolytic mites, wanda damar don auna halin yanzu ba tare da keta, sarƙoƙi da shi wajibi ne to connect wani ammeter a jerin tare da kowane waya, wanda aka kunshe a cikin uku-lokaci mota. A single-lokaci cibiyar sadarwa zai gudana daga ƙarƙashinsu total darajar, da kuma zabin da capacitors kamata ku yi jihãdi ga mafi uniform loading coils. Ya kamata a tuna cewa lokacin da Daisy total capacitance rage-rage bisa ga doka:

1 / C = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 ... da sauransu, da kuma a cikin layi daya - a kan m, shi tasowa.

Har ila yau, dole ne ka manta game da irin wannan muhimmanci sigogi kamar yadda da irin ƙarfin lantarki a capacitor da aka lasafta. Yana kada ta kasance kasa da maras muhimmanci tamanin da cibiyar sadarwa, da kuma shi ne mafi alhẽri ajiye.

fitarwa resistor

Students lokaci motor alaka tsakanin daya lokaci da kuma tsaka tsaki shugaba, wani lokacin kuma ru juriya. Yana da hidima ga tabbatar da cewa a fara capacitor ba tara cajin sauran bayan da na'ura da aka kashe. Wannan makamashi zai iya sa lantarki tura, ba hatsari, amma sosai m. Domin ya zama hadari, ya zama a layi daya da farawa capacitance to connect wani resistor (y lantarki da ake kira "shunt"). The darajar ta juriya ne mafi girma - daga rabin zuwa Meg Meg, da kuma girman shi ne kananan, don haka kyawawan kuma poluvattnoy iko. Duk da haka, idan mai amfani ne ba tsoro ya zama "tsunkule", da cewa ba tare da wannan daki-daki ne quite yiwu a yi.

Amfani da Wutan

Kamar yadda muka rigaya muka gani, fim ko takarda capacitances tsada saya, kuma ba su kasance kamar yadda mai sauki kamar yadda za mu so. Zaka iya samar da guda-lokaci dangane da uku-lokaci Motors amfani da m da kuma samuwa electrolytic capacitors. A wannan yanayin, sosai rahusa, su ma ba za su zama, kamar yadda ya gagara 300 volts DC. Domin aminci dalilai, su ya kamata a shunted semiconductor diode (D 245 da kuma D 248, misali), amma shi da amfani tuna cewa alternating ƙarfin lantarki samun da electrolyte, kuma shi ne na farko karfi da zafi sama a shigar azzakari cikin farji daga wadannan na'urori, sa'an nan fashe, m da kuma ban sha'awa. Saboda haka, sai dai tilas, shi ne mafi alhẽri amfani da wannan takarda irin capacitors, da irin ƙarfin lantarki ne a kalla akai, ko m. Wasu Masters quite damar yin amfani da Wutan a fara kewaye. Saboda gajere daukan hotuna zuwa wani alternating ƙarfin lantarki, da suka iya ba da lokaci ga fashewa. Yana da kyau ba su yi gwaji.

Idan akwai wani capacitors

Inda talakawa} wanda ba su da damar yin amfani da mafi kyau-sayar da lantarki da kuma lantarki sassa, saya su? A gwanjo kasuwanni da kuma "gwanjo kasuwanni". Akwai su ne, kula vypayat wani ta (yawanci tsofaffi) hannãyen haihuwa wanka inji, televisions da sauran buga abubuwa na iyali da kuma gini da kuma masana'antu da fasaha. Tambaya ga wadannan kayayyakin Soviet samar yawa: masu sayarwa san cewa idan abu wajibi ne, shi zai saya, kuma idan ba - da kuma kyauta ba zai dauki. Sai ya faru da cewa kawai danda bukatu (a cikin wannan harka da capacitor) ne kawai ba. Kuma abin da kuke aikatãwa? Ba kome! Sauka da resistors, kawai bukatar m, zai fi dacewa yumbu da kuma vitrified. Hakika, da manufa juriya (aiki) lokaci ba matsawa, amma kome a cikin wannan duniya ba cikakke, da kuma a cikin wannan yanayin yana da kyau. Kowane jiki na zahiri yana da wani kai-inductance, lantarki iya aiki da kuma resistivity, zama da shi wani kankanin speck daga turɓãya, ko wani falalen dũtse. Kunna da uku-lokaci mota a cikin soket zama zai yiwu ta maye gurbin capacitor impedance a sama makircinsu, da denomination wanda aka lasafta ta da dabara:

R = (0,86 x U) / KI, a cikinsa:

Ki - da adadin halin yanzu for uku-lokaci connection, kuma;

U - mu m 220 volts.

Abin da injuna za su kusanci?

Kafin ka saya da kudi mai yawa motor cewa tsantseni mai nufin yin amfani da matsayin drive ga nika dabaran, madauwari saw, rawar soja latsa ko sauran wani amfani gida na'urar ba ciwo yi tunani game da applicability don wannan manufa. Ba kowa ba ne a uku-lokaci mota a guda lokaci samar iya aiki a duk. Alal misali, a jerin MA (ya kurege-keji na'ura mai juyi tare da biyu keji) ya kamata a share don haka kamar yadda ba su yi lug gida babba da m nauyi. A general, shi ne mafi kyau ga farko gwaji, ko kira wani gogaggen mutum, lantarki, misali, da kuma tuntubar su kafin ka saya. Quite dace uku-lokaci asynchronous motor jerin UAD, APN, AO2, hadin gwiwa-stock kamfanin kuma, ba shakka, da kuma A. Wadannan lambobin nuna a kan nameplate.