Tsira daga hadarin. real labarai

Tun mutumin farko dauki ga iska, ya san da fall. A kowace shekara Summer fasahar zama mafi rikitarwa, mafi alhẽri, kuma mafi aminci, amma jirgin sama hadarurruka faru har yanzu. M asarar rayuwa a cikin fall na fasinja shafi ne ba kawai da baƙin ciki a gare inconsolable zumunta na wadanda ke fama, amma kuma a kasa bala'i.

Tsira daga wani hadarin jirgin sama a lokaci guda mutane suna zama celebrities, ana yi magana game da rahotannin kafofin watsa labaru a ko'ina cikin duniya. Wannan ya faru ga dalilin cewa wadannan 'yan kaxan ne.

statistics hadarin

Idan muka dauki lissafi daga cikin hadarin ga dukan tarihi lokaci na ci gaba da zirga-zirgar fasinja, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa su ne musamman rare. Chance da cewa kayan aiki zai kasa a lokacin jirgin, kai-kashe ko saukowa ne daidai to 1/8 miliyan. Wannan yana nufin cewa wani mutum zai bukatar fiye da 20 000 shekaru na yau da kullum flights a kan bazuwar flights zuwa kama da sosai m.

Development Engineer jirgin sama, inshora da kuma jamiái statisticians ne sha'awar wannan tambaya na ko rayuwa shi ne zai yiwu a wani hadarin jirgin sama? Amsar ne - a, kamar yadda suka tsira bayan faduwar daga irin wannan tsawo iya raba su abubuwan.

Idan muka dauki lissafi gano Sanadin fadowa dabara, mai yawan shi zai yi kama da wannan:

• idan aka loading da jirgin sama da ya faru da 5% na hatsarori (kagaggun wuta).
• takeoff - 17% na hatsarori.
• hawa a total na 8% daga cikin lokuta.
• yayin da 6% na jirgin.
• yayin da rage jirgin sama - 3%.
• m ne cikin hanyar 7%.
• saukowa daga jirgin sama - 51%.

Statistics dukkan rubuce lokuta liners fall nuna cewa babbar hadarin shi ne ba a lokacin da Yunƙurin da kuma fada. Zai yiwu shi ya sa fasinjoji yaba da tafi da matukan jirgi kawai bayan da suka kashe wannan lokaci na jirgin.

Tsira da hadarin nuna mafi sau da yawa cewa, tare da jirgin sama "ba zato ba tsammani" wani abu ya tafi daidai ba. A gaskiya ma, meticulous statisticians da kuma ma'aikata alhakin jirgin aminci, ya lura da cewa dalilan kwatsam rugujewar na'urorin ko hasken wuta ne da injuna - shi ne mai lahani cewa ba a gano a cikin ƙasa, sa'an nan dalilan faduwar liners kamata farko duba can.

Sanadin hadarin jirgin sama

Abin ba in ciki a ce wannan, amma babban dalilin da jirgin sama hatsarori ne da mutum factor. Inji ba ganimar da kanka da kuma ba incapacitate. A rashin mayar da hankali a cikin taron jama'a, tare da kullum cak ga laifinsu da gangan aikin matukan jirgin da kuma iska - duk da wannan sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa auka na fasaha.

Shin yana yiwuwa a tsira a hadarin jirgin sama a lokacin da bad masana sun aikata su aiki? A wannan yanayin, amsar ne a, domin a yau akwai lokuta inda ya zauna da rai fiye da 1 person.

Statistics jirgin sama ya fadi a yawan sharuddan kamar haka:

• matukin kuskure ne cikin hanyar 50% daga cikin lokuta.
• sabis kurakurai a lokacin da jirgin ma'aikata gano a cikin 7% na bala'in.
• effects na yanayin fall zuwa 12%.
• gazawar da na'urorin da inji a general - 22% (wani abu da ba a yadda ya kamata gano kafin jirgin).
• ta'addanci da kuma sauran (ba gano shigar da karo ko a cikin iska) - 9%.

Daga wadannan dalilai, ban da weather, komai - ayyukan mutane. Wannan ya nuna cewa da bala'i iya an kauce masa, da kuma lokuta da mutane suka tsira a hadarin jirgin sun muhimmanci mafi girma. Idan muka dauki lissafi daga cikin mafi girma wrecks a cikin shekaru 30 da shekaru, a cikin hanyar su ne:

• DC-8 fadi a Newfoundland a shekarar 1985 a kan Yunƙurin saboda asarar gudun, inda suka kashe 250 fasinjoji.
• fada "747" a shekarar 1985 a Japan aka lalacewa ta hanyar matalauta gyara, sakamakon - 520 wadanda ke fama.
• Il-76, na gaba daga Kazakhstan zuwa Saudi Arabia fadi a Indiya a shekarar 1996, daga tsakiyar iska karo da "Boeing", sakamakon - 349 matattu;
• Il-76 ya auku a Iran a 2003 saboda tasiri a kan ƙasa a cikin matalauta Ganuwar, inda suka kashe mutane 275.
• 224, ba wanda ya tsira a hadarin "Kogalymavia" a watan Oktoba 2015, ya shiga cikin bakin ciki statistics: dalilin - wani yiwu harin ta'addanci.

Yana da nisa daga dukan manyan hadarin, wanda ya faru daga shekarar 1985 zuwa 2015, amma ko da a gare su shi ne bayyana cewa sun sa sau da yawa zama mutum sakaci ko bad bangaskiya. List of tsira a hadarin mutane dã ya kasance ya fi tsayi idan alhakin jirgin aminci masana suna da kyau yi ta aiki, amma fasinjoji san abin da ya yi zauna da rai.

Abin da ya yi a wani jirgin sama ya fadi

Sai dai itace cewa akwai dokoki da gaske taimakawa mutane a cikin hadarin na shafi zauna da rai. A mafi asali umarnin bayar da baiwa kafin jirgin. Abin takaici, mafi yawan fasinjoji ba saurare su, har ma fiye da ba za a iya amfani da a yi. Daga cikin sauki shawara shi ne wajibi:

• za a lazimta a lokacin takeoff da kuma saukowa (fi dacewa duka jirgin mafi za a lazimta).
• san inda rayuwa jackets kuma yadda za a yi amfani da wani oxygen mask.
• a gaggawa, kada ku bar wurin, kuma ma fiye da haka kada ka yi kokarin samun shiga cikin kaya daki ajiye dũkiyõyinsu.
• mayar da hankali da kuma dauki wani daidai hali kafin karo na jirgin sama da ƙasa ko ruwa (tanƙwara kansa to ya kauda shakkarsa, rufe hannun ta).

Bugu da kari a wadannan sauki dokoki, akwai da dama da binciken na kwararru a gaggawa yanayi da cewa mutanen da suka tsira da hadarin, amfani da lamirinsu kuma ba ya canzawa.

Mafi yawa daga cikin fasinjojin da aka kashe bayan da hadarin da wuta, kamar yadda ba za su iya a lokacin da za a fita daga shi. Don kauce wa wannan, shi ne zama dole in sani a gaba:

• kamar yadda wani unfastened bel.
• ainihin shugabanci ga fitarwa (musamman idan hayaki a cikin gida).
• Tsoro - yana da 100% mutuwa.

Alal misali, Dzhordzh Lemson, yayin da a shekarar 1985, wani 17-yaro ne dan shekaru, tsira kawai saboda a lokacin karo cikin jirgin sama, a cikinsa ya aka tashi tare da mahaifinsa, kujera da aka jefa daga cikin fasinja daki. Idan yaron da aka ba lazimta da guga man ta kai ga cinyoyinta, kuma bayan faduwar ba su iya sauri cire da kuma gudu da baya zuwa wani hadari nesa, da ya mutu, kazalika da sauran mutane 70.

Kamar yadda lokuta da hadarin jirgin sama tsira, idan mutum ba ya tsoro da kuma san abin da ya yi, sa'an nan ya na da kowane damar tsira. Binciko misalai na irin wannan bala'in, da masu bincike zo ga ƙarshe cewa da yawa daga cikin fasinjoji, maimakon su fita daga cikin jirgin sama, jiran wani ko umarnin. Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa a irin wannan halin da ake ciki, da kowa da kowa ne ke da alhakin su kare lafiya da kanta.

High-hadarin da yanayi

Duk da yake shi iya ze cewa tsira da hadarin jirgin sama da fasinjoji - dai kawai sa'a, a gaskiya shi ne ba. Kamar yadda aka nuna da masana kimiyya daga Ingila, karatu fiye da 2,000 sun kamu da ceto a cikin irin wannan hadari, wadannan mutane taimaka ba kawai daidaituwa, amma musamman ilimi da kuma aikin da bit na sa'a.

Sai dai itace cewa akwai jiragen sama a high-hadarin yankunan da mafi aminci yankunan, kamar yadda evidenced da rayuwa statistics:

• misali, waɗanda suka zauna a cikin fari layuka biyar a hanci da jirgin sama, da dama na rayuwa ne 65%.
• shi ne ma mafi girma a cikin wadanda suka zauna a cikin wadannan layuka a kan m kujeru (67%), amma ba a kusa da windows (58%).
• da fasinja a jirgin sama wutsiya, akwai 53% na rayuwa, idan sun ma zauna a cikin fari layuka biyar na gaggawa mafita.
• mutanen da suka tsira da hadarin da suke zaune a tsakiyar gida, su ne musamman rare.

Baya ga hadarin zones a cikin gida, kuma tana taka muhimmiyar rawa jirgin sama da kanta. Alal misali, statistics nuna cewa 73% na dukkan jirgin sama hatsarori faruwa a kananan jirage, lasafta up to 30 kujeru. Fatal faduwar guda-engine ko kananan jirgin sama ne 68%, wanda ya nuna cewa da dama na tsira fasinjoji da direbobi na irin motocin ne, suna tantamar zuwa wata mu'ujiza.

Daya kawai ƙarshe - kamata tashi manyan jiragen sama ingantattun kamfanoni. Abu ne mai wuya kawai da hakkin zabi na abin hawa da wuri shi ne zai ceci rayuka, a gaggawa, amma chances na rayuwa domin ta fasinjoji zai zama mafi, da kuma ma'aikatan ceto a cikin hadarin manyan jiragen kada ka tambaye "shi ne akwai wani tsira daga wani hadarin jirgin sama," amma ya cece su.

A mafi hadaddun halin da ake ciki

A mafi wuya da kuma m ɓangare na hadari ne mai karo na jirgin sama da ƙasa ko ruwa. Da zarar wannan ya faru, mutane kawai 1.5-2 minti zauna da rai. Yana da aka a wannan lokacin, dole ne ka hadu domin cire, don nemo hanyar da tsalle har zuwa yiwu.

A mafi girma barazana ga rayuwa ne wuta da kuma cika da ciki carbon monoxide, wanda ya tabbatar da tsira a wani hadarin jirgin sama a mace. Larisa Savitskaya tsira bayan da jirgin saman karo a cikin abin da ta tafiya tare da mijinta, tare da dan kunar bakin waken. Burns a farkon na wuta, ta ya iya tattara da kuma dauki a kujera daidai hali, wanda ajiye ta rayuwa lõkacin da ta kasance 8 minti fadi a kan shi daga wani tsawo na 5200 m.

Its saukowa "laushi" da rassan bishiyoyi, amma, ko da bayan ya tsira irin wannan fall, ta ya jimre a matsayin wani babban bugu daga raunin da ya faru, da kuma cewa da ma'aikatan ceto sun kasance a wani sauri don bincika downed jirgin sama, m da cewa babu wanda ya tsira.

"Shin, mutane ritsa da rayukansu a can?" - wannan tambaya ta kasance a cikin ta farko wuri ga wadanda suka tsunduma a irin wannan yanayi. Larissa na kwana biyu jiran taimako tare da wani karaya da mahaifa kashin baya da kuma shugaban raunin. Ta kawai wanda ya samu a cikin Guinness littafin sau biyu, wanda kuma wannan taron:

• karo na farko kamar yadda tsira bayan fadowa daga wani tsawo na fiye da 5 km.
• na biyu - yadda za a samu mafi zaran diyya ga sakamakon lalacewar - kawai 75 rubles.

Babu kasa barazana ga rayuwar ɗan Adam ne a karo na jirgin sama da ruwa surface, ko da yake mafi fasinjoji butulci yi imani da cewa shi zai iya matashi da fall. Irin wannan jãhilci daga cikin na farko dokokin kimiyyar lissafi kudin rayuwar mutane da yawa.

Sauke a cikin teku,

Lokacin da jirgin sama ne a cikin ƙuncin rai teku, ba wani sabon abu rare, amma yawan mutuwar yayin da fasinjoji kasance shockingly high, ko da yake akwai tsira daga hadarin jirgin sama a cikin ruwa.

Wannan ya faru ga dalilai da dama:

• Da farko, sau da yawa mutane tsoro saboda ba za su iya samun da kuma sa a kan wani rai jacket.
• abu na biyu, su ne ma farkon ya kawo shi a cikin karfi, kuma a cikin inflated jihar, shi ya hana ba kawai tafi, amma kuma zuwa iyo daga cikin gida, idan akwai zo ruwa.
• Na uku, ba su san cewa da tasiri na jirgin a kan ruwa, daidai karo da kankare surface, kuma ba za a iya lazimta yarda da ceto matsayi.

Fãce idan matukin jirgin ya yi aikin gaggawa saukowa a kan ruwa, drop a cikin teku ne kawai a matsayin hatsari a matsayin kasa, yana mai gaskatãwa ga tafin kafa tsira a hadarin yarinya.

Bakari ya shekara 12 a lokacin da ta da mahaifiyarta sun tashi daga Paris zuwa Yemen. By ba m da dalilai da jirgin ya fado a cikin teku, 14 km daga tekun na tsibirin Big Comoros. Daga tasiri na ruwa da aka yanyanke, da kuma yarinya ya fāɗa a ruwa. Ta yi sa'a cewa a farfajiya na shafi zauna, daya daga wanda ta aka jiran 14 hours, har sai da aka tsince kusa wucewa kwale-kwale.

Tarihi da 'yan mata ya tafi kusa da duniya, kamar yadda shi ne daya daga cikin wadanda misalai inda, watakila, akwai zai zama mafi tsira, podospey taimako a lokacin. Hypothermia da lokaci sawa rayuwa jackets dauki rayukan sauran fasinjoji.

Wannan ba shine na karshe misali, a lokacin da tafin kafa tsira a hadarin da ya yi yaƙi domin ransa saboda rashin goyon baya a kan ƙasa.

A fall a cikin Jungle

Ko da yake akwai misalai inda hadarin jirgin sama tausasa rassan, da yawan tsira a lokaci guda da fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin ya ba ƙara. Har yanzu taka wata babban rawa ne yadda mutumin behaves a lokacin bala'i.

An misali ne labarin da Jamus 17-shekara yar makaranta tafiya da mahaifiyarta daga Lima zuwa Pukallpa (Peru) kafin Kirsimeti 1971. A gaskiya, shi ne wata kananan gardama, wanda ya ban tausayi saboda gaskiyar cewa, jirgin buga haukan kogi a lokacin wani hadiri.

Daga walƙiya saukar daga iska motar tsarin, da wuta fara a cikin gida. Julian Cap - kadai tsira a wani hadarin jirgin sama a fasinja a lokacin da wannan jirgin. A tsawon 6400 m, a cikin jirgin sama zo kashe biyu fuka-fuki, sa'an nan tafi a cikin wani tailspin jirgin ya fara fada baya yanki da yanki.

Mace da ceto ta da cewa shi aka lazimta da kuma ceto hali soma a lõkacin da yawan kujerun da tare da ta wurin zama "jefa daga" na jirgin. A lokacin faduwar ta tare da wani ɓaɓɓake daga ciki juya iska mai ƙarfi, wanda ya jagoranci wani karu a gangaren da fall a cikin thickets na Amazon Jungle.

A sakamakon "saukowa" ya fashe karankarma, scrapes da kuma bruises, amma ta ya sa ran ma fi girma gwajin. An located 500 km daga Lima, a tsakiyar Jungle, ba da sanin hanya, matasa mace wanda ya tsira da hadarin da aka tilasta yaki domin rayuwarsa a wani wanda ba a sani yankin.

Kamar yadda masu yawa kamar yadda 9 kwana ta gangara a Kogin, tsoro ya motsa daga mata, don haka kamar yadda ba su rasa tushen ruwa. Cin 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsire-tsire da zai iya gane da kuma hana, da yarinya zo da filin ajiye motoci na masunta, wanda ya ɗauki ta zuwa asibiti.

Idan Julian aka bar su jira taimako kusa da auku jirgin sama, mafi m, sun ɓãci. Domin wadannan abubuwan da Italian watasa aka yin fim alama fim "Ayyukan al'ajibai har yanzu faru," wanda daga baya ya kuɓutar da rai na Soviet Larissa yarinya Savitskaya, jira kwana biyu ma'aikatan ceto.

The tsira mambobi ne na ƙungiya

Quite nadira ya ji cewa ma'aikatan jirgin tsira daga faɗuwar jirgin sama. Zai yiwu su ne m saving ko fasinjoji ne a wannan lokacin a cikin mafi "disadvantaged" sashe na jirgin sama, amma shi ne mai gaskiya.

Amma akwai misalai na baiwa, tsira da hadarin jirgin sama, shi ne kawai ceto. Vesna Vulovic a shekara ta 1972 da aka sani kawai shekaru 22 da haihuwa sa'ad da, a lokacin na gaba flights daga Copenhagen to Zagreb Yugoslav Airlines jirgin sama m up a cikin iska da fashewa da 'yan ta'adda bam.

Wannan harka za a iya dangana ga "mu'ujiza" saboda Spring ya iya tsira kasancewa a tsakiyar gida a cikin fall daga wani tsawo na fiye da 10 km. Chip na'ura, a cikin abin da ta kasance, fadi zuwa cikin dusar ƙanƙara-rufe itatuwa, wanda ƙwarai saukake busawa.

Na biyu "mu'ujiza" shi ne cewa a lokacin da ta kasance a cikin wani sume jihar, shi sami wani manomi daga kauye dake kusa da nan, suka kore su zuwa asibiti. Baiwa, tsira da hadarin jirgin sama a fall daga irin wannan tsawo, kusan wata daya da yake a cikin wani coma, sa'an nan kuma wani 16 watanni fada wa damar matsawa kusa da kuma rayuwa a al'ada rayuwa.

Vesna Vulovic shi ne Guinness rikodin littattafai a matsayin mutum wanda Ya sanya tsalle ba tare da wata laima daga tsawo na 10 km. Akwai wuya a jarumi, wanda na nasu volition yanke shawarar da ya wuce ta sakamakon.

A fall na Rasha jirgin sama a Misira

Daya daga cikin mafi latsa al'amurran da suka shafi na kaka na shekarar 2015 ya na sama, a cikin Misira. Yau, "shi ne akwai wani tsira" - ba mafi muhimmanci batun a cikin wannan bala'i. Idan a farko aka yayatawa cewa ba duk da 224 aka kashe mutane, amma yanzu shi ne a yi bakin ciki gaskiya.

Yau da jama'a shi ne sha'awar a cikin hanyar mutuwar wani jirgin sama, da kuma tabbatar da cewa wannan zai faru ba tare da Rasha da jirgin sama.

Mabanbanta versions na abin da ya faru da Airbus A321 kafa fitar da Rasha da kuma kasashen waje kafofin watsa labarai. Shan kashe ba tare da bata lokaci ba shafi 23 minutes daga baya bayan shan kashe ya bace daga radar masu kula ga unknown dalilai.

Daya version, me ya sa ba a sami tsira daga hadarin jirgin sama a Misira, shi ne fashewa da wani bam located a kan jirgin. A jirgin sama m kashe a cikin sama, don haka chances sun kusan babu fasinjoji.

Masar hukuma da'awar cewa gaban da bama-bamai yanayi tarkacen da aka samu. Wadannan bayanai da aka wallafa su bayan masana daga Amurka, Ingila da kuma Rasha sun zo da wani daban-daban ƙarshe.

The kawai dalilin da ba yarda binciken masana - ne unwillingness na Misira rasa m abokan ciniki a lokacin yawon shakatawa kakar kuma biya diyya "Kogalymavia" kamfanin domin karo na jirgin sama a sararin samaniyar ta. Idan akwai tsira daga hadarin jirgin sama a Misira, su ma za su sami diyya ga diyya.

Ya kamata a sa ran zo wani yarjejeniya da bangarorin biyu, amma neman a tarihin aeronautics, zamu iya cewa da jirage kawai ba fada baya a cikin iska da kuma radar ba bace. Karshe karshe tukuna, amma al'ummar kasa da kasa shi ne bayyana abin da ya sa aka hadarin jirgin sama a Misira yau. Ashe, akwai wani tsira, amsar wannan tambaya shi ne sauki - "babu."

m statistics

Sanin meticulous masana kimiyya so ƙidãya su kuma auna dukkan kõme, bãbu shakka cewa su ma karatu da tambaya, me ya sa bai tsira da hadarin mutane.

A dalilin shi ne ainihin mafi banal - wannan mutum factor. Idan muka dauki lissafi ya canza da Sanadin hadarin tun 1908, zai yi kama da wannan:

• a alfijir jirgin sama daga 1908 zuwa 1929. 50% hadarurruka lissafta ta fasaha matsaloli, 30% - a kan yanayin yanayi, 10% - 10% da kuma wuta - wani matukin jirgi kuskure,
• na biyu da rabi na karni na 20th da jiragen ruwa suka zo tare da wani wannan hasashen - 24% suna da alaka da kayan, 25% - zargi da weather, matukin jirgi kuskure - 37%, wuta - 7%, da kuma kai hare-hare zauna kawai 5%.
• Al'amurra ga 21st karni ya canza gaba daya - 45% - m adam factor 13% - weather, 32% - matsaloli a cikin art, a wuta - 3%, da kuma kai hare-hare zauna 4% na lokuta.

Saboda haka canja Sanadin iska hatsarori a cikin iska domin shekaru 100. Duk da haka, a yau shi ne safest yanayin na tafiya saboda hadarin faruwa tare da wani yiwuwar 0,00001%. Bugu da kari, akwai kara lokutta inda rayuwa shi ne ba mutum daya a wani hadarin jirgin sama, da kuma babba ɓangare na fasinjoji.

Alal misali, 4 mutane ritsa da rayukansu, wanda ya faru a Japan a shekarar 1985, 12 minutes bayan dauki-kashe da jirgin sama depressurization faru a cikin aft daki. Matukan jirgi gudanar ya rike da mota a cikin iska minti 32, bayan da kwamitin ya fado 100 kilomita daga babban birnin kasar Japan. Kamar yadda ya shaida wa wadanda suka tsira tsĩrar da zai iya zama more, saboda mutane nemi taimako, amma da lokacin zuwa na ma'aikatan ceto wanda ba cikin sauri, akwai 520 mutane matattu. Suna kashe da kuma raunuka subcooling samu lokacin da kika aika.

Abin baƙin ciki, bayanai game da ceto da ba da yaushe dace da gaskiya. Don haka shi ne, a lokacin da sanar da cewa mutane hudu tsira da hadarin na Misira. A wannan yanayin, za ka iya kawai nuna juyayi tare da mutanen da suka sami bege ga wata mu'ujiza ba, amma sai a sake shi rasa.

A Rasha jirgin sama tarihi da akwai misalai inda fasinjoji sun mutu a cikin hadarin na shafi. Saboda haka, mutane da suka tsira da rayukansu, "Kogalymavia" a shekarar 2011 a lokacin da jirgin sama wuta, wadda aka kawai taxied a kan titin jiragen sama, samu da lashe tikitin. Na 116 fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin 6 aka kashe, kawai mutane uku, da Tu-154 da aka gaba daya ya ƙone.