The sihiri yanayi: yadda da ci gaban da malam

Butterflies - Lepidoptera aka alaka kwari, tare da cikakken hira sake zagayowar. Su bayãnin hukuncin alama daga sauran 'yan kungiyar - gaban chitin Sikeli a kan gaba da raya fuka-fuki. Wadannan abubuwa ne da mafi kyau Tantancewar aka gyara, wanda a hulda da ultraviolet ba ka damar ganin wani kewayon launuka da cewa mutum ido ba ya gane.

Don koyon yadda za ta ci gaba da malam, dole ne ka farko fahimci cewa zagayowar hada da wani cikakken metamorphosis. Wannan tsari qunshi da wadannan matakai:

• kwai mataki.
• mataki larvae (larvae).
• pupal mataki.
• adult mataki na kwari (imago).

Kamar yadda shi ne ci gaban da malam, juya cikin manya, da kuma sauran 'yan Lepidoptera - malam da kuma kwari ne.

ma'abota malam

Saboda haka, a gane yadda ci gaban malam, dole ne ka fara da babban matakai na rayuwa sake zagayowar - ma'abota. Muhimmanci dalilai a haifuwa ne siffar da fuka-fuki da rini, kazalika da bambance-bambancen karatu na courtship - raye-raye da kuma courtship flights. Maza iya gane mace a nesa na kan daya kilometer. Partners sami juna yarda pheromones, m kuma Sikeli zubar a kan kafafu ko a fuka-fuki.

Ma'abota wadannan kwari auku a kan shuke-shuke, ko a ƙasa domin daga 20-25 minti to sa'o'i da dama. Duk wannan lokaci, mutane ne har yanzu. Ma'abota, da mace shi ne iya samu daga maniyyi na namiji, gano abubuwa da kuma sunadarai. Da shi shi ne na karshe biyu aka gyara taka muhimmiyar rawa a siffata da kuma kwanciya qwai. A wasu jinsunan malam a mace bayan ma'abota faruwa a ciki na wani appendage na chitin, wanda Forms namiji karshen tsari. Wajibi ne a ware da yiwuwar sake hadi da wasu maza.

mataki qwai

Farko a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar daga cikin malam ne kwai. Suna da malam da daban-daban siffofi da kuma quite wuya harsashi. Su ne mai kusurwa, zagaye, ball-dimbin yawa. Su matsanancin surface ne embossed tare da tsakaitã dimples da indentations. A launi makirci ne a miƙa mulki daga fari zuwa kore, wani lokaci tare da wani launi juna a kan m surface.

Yawanci, mãtan iya sa daya kama daga fiye da 1,000 qwai. Dangane da nau'in wadannan kwari, ba za su iya bar su a matsayin wani rukuni na har zuwa 10 guda, kuma daya bayan daya. Mataki kwai yana daga 8 zuwa 15 days.

matafila mataki

Butterfly tsutsa - a wormlike matafila. Ta furta biting mouthparts. Shin, caterpillars da musamman salivary gland, samar da wani sirri da cewa, solidifying a cikin iska, forming wani siliki thread. Larvae ne yafi herbivores, cewa shi ne su abinci - yana da furanni, ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsire-tsire.

Akwai kuma iri caterpillars cewa ci da larvae na tururuwa, aphids da kuma sikelin kwari. Wadannan jinsuna ne da yara. Jikin tracks 10 da biyar nau'i-nau'i daga ciki mai kafafu da kuma 3 jarirai da uku nau'i-nau'i daga jointed kafafu segments. The jiki ne m da studs, warts da kuma fata dankon. Yawanci, da caterpillars zauna a duniya, da itatuwa, da bushes, amma wasu daga cikinsu, irin shirokokrylye asu, zai iya rayuwa a karkashin ruwa. Su za a iya raba biyu manyan kungiyoyin:

• caterpillars ne yiwuwa ga free salon;
• caterpillars, yiwuwa ga boye hanyarsa ta rayuwa.

Recent gina na tufãfin thread šaukuwa Case kunshi a wadda rayuwa. Sun sa shi ga kanka da kuma boye shi. Kamar yadda wani matafila a cikin wani tsari ginawa da sigar-dimbin yawa Case kunshi ganye, lazimta masa pre siliki thread. da ci gaban sake zagayowar na malam a kan wannan mataki na iya wuce shekaru da dama. Caterpillars arewacin latitudes iya fada a cikin wani Jihar diapause har na gaba rani. Alal misali, rai sake zagayowar daga asu tsutsa da cewa na zaune a Greenland, na iya wuce har zuwa shekaru 14.

A pupal mataki

Malam pupa masu zama a gida. Babban irin halayyar da Lepidoptera - gam. Wasu iyalai, misali lasiocampidae, pupa zaune a ciki da rafta, da matafila cewa ya tsegumi. Cylindrical siffar da aka samu, wani lokacin taso keya. A launi kewayon - daga haske zuwa duhu launuka da gaban zane da kuma specks. Yawanci, da pupa ne a ciki gam ganye a kan mai tushe da furanni na shuke-shuke riga fili mafitar sama farkon ciki, fuka-fuki, kafafu da kuma proboscis. A wannan mataki na ci gaba bãbu wani ƙarfi.

mataki kwaro

Adult, a karshe kafa wani kwari kunno kai daga chrysalis, da ake kira "imago". A wannan mataki malam kuma ƙare sihiri metamorphosis. Pupa yakan mallaki maslyanisto- m harsashi game da wani rana kafin logoff kwari. Imago sa'an nan jan gindi daga ta Ripping wuya inuwõyi. M mãtã zo daga baya maza. Lokacin da malam fuka-fuki otverdeyut, tashin hankali, kuma bã su da karshe canza launi, sa'an nan kwari gardama. Imago yana jima'i ƙarfinsu, kuma zai iya asali. Irin wannan jerin malam ba ka damar amsa da canje-canje faruwa a yanayi. Alal misali, a inganta ko tabarbarewar yanayin damina, ruwan sama, da zazzabi.

Saboda haka, mu fahimci yadda da ci gaban da malam, mun warware wani asiri a cikin yanayi - yadda za a iya lalle ne, haƙĩƙa zama zai yiwu sihiri canji daga mummuna kore matafila a cikin wani kyakkyawan tashi kwari.