The Board of Prince Ivan Kalita. Ivan Kalita: A lokacin zamanin mulkin

Manyan manufofin fada cikin tarihin godiya ga kasuwanci, da kuma ba da wani sunan barkwanci, amma sũ ne suka, da zarar aptly data damar zuriyarsa don tantance har na mutum na da m. Ya laƙabi Kalita Ivan Danilovich samu a lokacin rayuwa na karimci nuna zuwa ga matalauta. Kalita - wani fata jakar, jaka. A Moscow ƙasashe zauna wani labari game da yadda Prince rarraba azurfa da tsabar kudi, wanda ya fitar da wani fata jaka rataye a kan bel. Bugu da kari, ba sunã rãyar da kudi, ya sayi makwabtaka da sarauta, tirelessly priraschivaya sabon asashe. Wani mutum na ƙwarai diplomasiyya iyawa, fasaha da kuma m, m, kuma m, ha yawa Rasha ƙasa, kuma ya kafa Moscow gwamnati - yana da Grand Duke na Moscow, Ivan Kalita, da shekaru na wanda sarautar - daga 1325 zuwa 1340 Yau za mu yi magana game da shi.

A zuriyar Aleksandra Nevskogo

A tarihin ba ci gaba da samun bayanai a kan lokaci na haihuwar Ivan Danilovich: masana tarihi, mãsu shiryuwa ne domin lokaci daga 1282 a 1283 shekara. Ya na huɗu dan Moscow Prince Daniel Alexandrovich kuma jikan Aleksandra Nevskogo. Bisa ga dokokin na cewa lokaci a karo na hudu dan iya su fatan wani ya'yan sarakuna ba kursiyin, amma ya juya daga cewa shi ya dauki sunan Ivan na Kalita. Shugabanni na Rasha sau da yawa rike jama'a ofishin kwatsam.

A hanya zuwa kursiyin

A farko ambaci Ivan Danilovich a cikin Novgorod Chronicle aka kwanan rana 1296 shekara saboda ya bayyanar a cikin birnin. A farkon karni na sha hudu ya ci sarauta a Pereslavl-Zaleski, da kuma samu nasarar kare shi a cikin wani yaƙi tare da Tver boyars Akinfiev a 1305.

A 1303 ubansa ya mutu Ivan Daniil Aleksandrovich, da kuma 'ya'yan sarakuna ba kursiyin wuce yayansa Yuri, wanda ya yi mulki Moscow gona da 1303 a 1325 shekara. Duk wannan lokaci Ivan ya bayar da karfi da goyon baya ga Yuri. Sau da yawa da hannu a yakin da ya tafi zuwa ga Golden taro Yuri Danilovich da a kwantar da hankula zuciya bar sarauta, wanda aka kyau da duba bayan Ivan Kalita. A lokacin zamanin mulkin na Yuri Danilovich - tare da 1303 for 1325 A wannan lokaci, domin dalilai daban-daban da sauran kashe 'yan'uwa Ivan Kalita, da kuma lokacin da a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin taro Tver prince mutu Yury na Moscow, ya zo da sarautar Ivana Kality.

A farkon sarautar da

Shi ne mai tauri lokaci. Taro Power za mika wa dukan na Rasha. Kuma sarautar kowane prince jãyayya a cikin taro. A lokacin da Yahaya Danilovich dauki kursiyin, da ya tilasta don zuwa Golden taro. Akwai a duk da kwanyarsa ya nuna babbar diplomasiyya basira. Ya ya iya gudanar da shawarwari tare da Tatars ba da kyautai na m darajar fiye da nema lumana zama da kuma kare Muscovy daga hare-hare na Tatars, haddasa m matsaloli.

A waɗannan kwanaki, da zaman lafiya da kuma m sun kusan ba zai yiwu. Bayan duk, idan gudanar da biya babbar haraji ga lokacin da za a rabu da Tatar hare-hare, makwabta - sarakuna - zai saki gagarumin wani sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe. Moscow shugabannin ko da yaushe gasar Tver. Kuma Tver kasance a cikin wani mafi wuri fiye da Moscow. Ta tsaya a kan Volga, kuma girma arziki ciniki tare da kowane wucewa shekara more kuma mafi mallaki Rasha asashe. An fahimci Ivan Danilovich Kalita. sarauta The shekaru sun sanar masa hakuri da kuma amfani da drop-saukar chances, har ma ya fi ban tausayi.

Part a punitive balaguro da Tver da nasa sakamakon

Abin da ya faru a cikin watan Agusta 1327 Tver tawaye da da Tatars, tverichey ɓaci kamar, ya juya cikin shakka daga tarihi a wani daban-daban shugabanci. A sakamakon wani m haddin shari'a shi ne cikakken halakar da Tatar sojojin a kan taro ba zai iya taimaka amma amsa. Kuma a cikin 1328 ta Fitted fitar da wani punitive balaguro da Tver, a cikin abin da yawa shugabanninmu, ciki har da Ivan Kalita, da shekaru na wanda sarautar da aka fara. Ya iya ba ƙiya, kuma ga a cikin danniya na Tver gaba ikon da Muscovite jihar. Bayan da shan kashi na Tver hukuncin a ta Prince Alexander gudu zuwa Pskov. Ivan Kalita daga Uzbek Khan samu a cikin mallaki sarauta na Kostroma da ikon sarrafa da Great Novgorod.

Bayan rasuwar sarkin Suzdal a 1331 Prince of Moscow sanya daga Khan Uzbek lakabin (yarda) ga Grand Duchy na Vladimir kuma ya zama shugaban dukan tsarin siyasa a Eastern Rasha. Bugu da kari, Ivan Danilovich, da nuna fice ikon, rinjayi Khan to abar ƙyãma na yarjejeniya: 1 Ivan Uzbek wa'azi da shi ga tattara haraji daga mutane a musayar wani alkawari ba ga yin hari da kuma aika Baskakov. Bangarorin biyu sun kiyaye su alkawarai, tsaya da Tartars washe Rasha ƙasar, tsoron fushin da Uzbek da Kalita da cikakken biyan bashin na kafa haraji.

da harkokin

Tarihi daga waɗanda sau tsarkake sarautar Prince Ivana Danilovicha Kality: sulhu tare da taro, ya samu wani gagarumin lokaci na zaman lafiya da kuma m, a lokacin da za'ayi dama manyan-sikelin ayyukan, taimakawa ƙwarai karfafa Moscow ta ikon.

Shekara arba'in da shirun da aka bayar da zuwa Rasha ƙasa Ivan Danilovich. Up har 1368 a Moscow ƙasar da aka ba guda hari. Yadda za a yi da shi? Prince yi kafin taro duk da wajibai: ya kai a kai haraji, sanya m kyautai Khan, lokaci-lokaci na nufo shi.

Ivan Kalita: A lokacin zamanin mulkin

A cikin tambaya na yadda za a tattara irin wannan babbar yawa kudi, akwai wani guda amsar. Duk da haka, an san cewa a cikin farkon sarautar Ahasurus, yarima ya iya share hanya daga 'yan fashi da kuma looters, chinivshih su wulakanci ne, ga abin da ya samu na biyu sunan barkwanci - Good, da kuma kawo Moscow yan kasuwa da tafiyar, kara sauri, kuma kwastan aikinsu.

Bugu da kari, ya farga da cewa gida shugabanni kasafin babban rabo daga cikin tattara haraji, Ivan Danilovich amfani da m hanyoyin to ta da cikakken tarin, kuma Ya azabtar da thieving gwamnan ya nuna jinƙai ga abokan adawar.

Ivan Danilovich ya sanya da dama tafiye-tafiye zuwa Rasha arewa, a lokacin da ya bayyana wani tushen samun kudin shiga - kama kifi Jawo. Wadannan hanyoyin su ne m, da kuma yarda da shi to ba kawai cikakken lasafta tare da Golden taro, amma kuma ya sa mai girma canje-canje a cikin sarauta.

Moscow - babban birnin na Rasha Church

Ivan Danilovich ba kawai a addini, ya kasance tabbata daga exclusivity godiya ga Allah ta al'ajibi, da kuma kidaya a kan taimako daga Lardi a aiwatar da su da tsare-tsaren daidaita da Rasha da ƙasashe da tabbatarwa daga cikin Moscow State. Kula game da aminci daga cikin sarauta, Ivan Danilovich kiwata sabon oak Kremlin, abin da na tsare da gari da kuma dasa. A kan ƙasa da Kremlin daga 1326 zuwa 1333 shekaru, gina da m dutse Ibada: Arkhangelsk, Mai Ceto da mai ɗauka cewa Cathedral, Church of Ioanna Lestvichnika da Church of Transfiguration.

Daya daga cikin muhimman nasarorin da Moscow sarakuna yaki ga keda daukaka a Rasha ƙasashe na arewa maso gabashin ne wani ƙawance da Metropolitan sashen, wanda aka kaddamar mafi Yuri Danilovich.

Zai yiwu shi ne wannan babban yi aikin rinjayi yanke shawara Metropolitan Bitrus ya gabatar da gidansa a Moscow. Domin shekaru da dama da yake nema dace ƙasar don wannan manufa. A 1326 Lardi Bitrus ya mutu, aka binne shi a Moscow. Daga baya, a matsayin sarkin Vladimir, Ivan Danilovich Ya sanya canonization Bitrus.

The Board da kuma aikin Ivan Kalita

Bisa ga aiki goyon bayan da Rasha Orthodox Church da kuma gudanar da wani m siyasa na ha Rasha asashe, Ivan 1 sayi ko lashe sabon sarauta, da barin da ragamar mulki a hannun gida shugabanninmu, da miƙa mulki ga matsayi na majalisar wakilai na Moscow yarima. A ruhaniya rubuce-rubuce Dmitry Donskoi, jikan Ivan Danilovich nuna a kan shiga cikin Moscow ƙasashe saya a daban-daban sau na Uglich, Galich da Merskogo Beloozero.

Wuya ga Ivan Danilovich ya kullum na da dangantaka da Tver. Bayan wannan yunkuri na 1337 zuwa 1327 shekaru na dokoki fairly m Konstantin, amma sai ya koma zuwa Tver Prince-hijira, ya yafe Khan Uzbek, Alexander. Farga cewa adawa fara sake, Ivan Danilovich tafi zuwa ga taro kuma, bada Khan kyauta yin wahayi zuwa gare shi cewa Alexander aka wasa biyu game, a cikin sabis na Lithuania. A nuna sarkin Tver da mãkircin, amma ya lashe Kalita, da kuma a 1339 a cikin taro Khan Uzbek kashe shi tare da dansa Theodore. Ya wahalshe abokan gabansa, Ivan Kalita 1. A zamanin mulkin ya zo daidai da m kuma da wuya, sai ya buga ta da dokoki.

Evaluation Sahaban Babban sakataren

Da shi shi ne na karshe da nasara na Ivan Danilovich. A cikin bazara na 1340 da ya zama tsanani da rashin lafiya, ya yi ritaya kuma dauki zuhudu alkawuransu a Spassky sufi, wanda gina kusa da gidansa. Akwai ya ciyar da karshe watanni ransa kuma ya mutu a watan Maris 1341.

Yana kula da m wallafe-wallafen abin tunawa, rubuta daya daga cikin sufaye. Shi ne ake kira "Gõdiya Ivan Kalita", inda koyaswar ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma ayyuka "tãra na Rasha ƙasar", wanda shi ne sarkin Ivan Kalita, biography, kwamitin manufofin da bukatun da suke batun guda daraja burin - don ƙirƙirar da Moscow jihar.