Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: Marubucin "Sherlock Holmes" da kuma ba kawai

Jami'in tsaro, shi ne babu shakka daya daga cikin mafi rare da recognizable nau'o'i na wallafe-wallafe. Abu na farko da ya zo tuna lokacin da ka ji wannan kalma - wani jami'in gudanar da bincike kan m kisan taro ko m asiri. Nan da nan tuna sunayen shahararrun Rangers: Miss Marple, Allan Pinkerton, Erkyul Puaro kuma, ba shakka, Sherlock Holmes. Sunansa ya zama wani gidan sunan da su koma ga wani mutum tare da m deductive basira da kuma ci-gaba ma'ana tunani. Notes game da Kasadar na jami'in tsaro riga ya zama litattafansu na adabi, amma 'yan mutane san abin da ya marubucin Sherlock Holmes - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka

Haifi Arthur Conan Doyle (sunan ne, wani lokacin rubuta a matsayin "Doyle" saboda rikice ba tare da Turanci) May 22, 1859, a Edinburgh, Scotland, ɗan wani ɗan wasa da kuma m. Duk da cewa yaron ta uba sau da yawa ya sha, Arthur samu mai kyau asali ilimi, da kuma a cikin shekaru tara da aka aika zuwa m shiga makaranta. Abin baƙin ciki, a wannan lokaci da marubuci ya zauna musamman korau tunanin: m abinci, Kofur azãba, da low matakin na koyarwa.

Amma shi ne a cikin wannan m wuri na gaba marubucin "Sherlock Holmes" ya bude ya basira domin rubuce-rubuce. Shi ne saboda wannan Arthur Conan Doyle ya zama mashahuri a cikin su takwarorina. By karshen shekara bakwai na nazari a makaranta, ya ko da ya fara nuna kansa jarida da kuma kokarin da kanka a cikin versification.

farko

A 1876, Doyle ya zama dalibi na da Medical Faculty of Jami'ar Edinburgh. Nazarin da aka bai wa shi da sauƙi, don haka free lokaci kishin Arthur wallafe-wallafe. Tuni a cikin shekara ta uku, ya wallafa wani gajeren labarin a cikin Scottish mujallar a cikin wannan shekara, da littafin da ya labarin a kan magani a cikin m ambata. A 1881 ya samu wani likita digiri daga marubucin Sherlock Holmes tattaki zuwa West Africa a matsayin jirgin likita. Kafin wannan, a hanya, ya riga ya yi da gwaninta na dogon tafiya: wani balaguro zuwa Arctic kuwa ba a banza. Dawo daga tafiya, Doyle fara aiki a matsayin likita, kamar wata shekaru digiri na uku a magani.

Amma bayan duk damuwa, ya bai manta game da kerawa. A 1886, Arthur Conan Doyle zama da aka sani a litattafan marubuci. "The Kasadar Sherlock Holmes" - na farko da labaru game da sanannen jami'in tsaro - ya bayyana a periodicals.

Fame da kuma ... amai?

A 1889, Doyle da matarsa da kuma wani matasa 'yar bar Birtaniya. M likita yanke shawarar da ya motsa zuwa Austria, inda ya yi karatu don wani lokaci can tafi daga general magani to ophthalmology, amma bayan wata biyu, ma'auratan koma London. Arthur don wani lokaci bude mai zaman kansa ofishin, kokarin hada magani da kuma adabi, amma a 1891 gaba daya daga cikin talikai kira "Sherlock Holmes." Author m labarai kowace rana ne mafi zama m, kuma ya yarda da kansa to bukaci kudi mai yawa ga labarun, mujallu da periodicals sun son biya shahararre kudade da damar da za a buga Doyle. A lokaci guda, Arthur tafiya da iyãlinsa, a duniya, ya rubuta cewa, ya koyar a daban-daban jami'o'i. A 1897, sai ya koma zuwa ga UK, ya yi kokarin hannunsa a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo - da kuma duniya samu wani Theatrical version of "Sherlock Holmes."

A watan Disamba na 1899 ya fara da Anglo-Boer War. Bayan jefa jerin labaru "Sherlock Holmes" ta sa kai likitoci aika zuwa gaban. Bayan shekaru uku, Arthur Conan Doyle samu da prefix "Sir" da lakabi na Knight domin sabis da Crown a wuya lokacin yaki. Ya kwarewa aka nuna a cikin littafin "The Great Boer War."

bayan

Bayan da yaki, Arthur ya sake bar yi na magani, wannan lokaci saboda siyasa. Duk da haka, ba zai iya ba ko da kayar a zaben, don haka sosai da ewa watsi da wannan ra'ayin. A shekarar 1906, bayan mutuwar matarsa, ya auri a karo na biyu, da kuma wani sabon ƙawance kawo shi ba kawai yara, amma kuma yi wahayi zuwa ga Theatrical versions wasu labaru daga cikin jerin "Sherlock Holmes": marubucin na aikin ya iya cimma samar da "motley tef", kazalika da "Birgediya Gerard" da "Rodni Stoun" (a karshen harka, da sunan da aka canza zuwa "House Terperli"). A daidai wannan lokacin, shi ne aka buga "Hound na Baskervilles" - wani labari game da daya daga cikin shahararrun lokuta na baiwa jami'in tsaro.

Amma gabar cikin gida bashi ya iya karawa, don haka ba abin mamaki bane cewa tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle sake shiga rukunin sojan Birtaniya agaji.

'yan shekarun nan

Dawo da wani sabon yaki, marubucin "Sherlock Holmes" gano spiritualism. Sabon abu da kuma, na furta, a rare rukunan haka sha'awar Doyle, cewa a shekara ta 1922 ya sake ya bar kasar Birtaniya da kuma ya tafi tare da iyali da Amurka, inda ya yi niyyar dauka tsanani da gabatarwa da sihiri. Kusan shekaru biyu ya ciyar a kan hanya, kokarin goyon mafi girma zai yiwu yawan kasashen waje mutane esoteric koyarwar, amma a cikin marigayi twenties, Arthur Conan Doyle ya kõmo zuwa Turai. A shekara ta 1929, ya tafiya zuwa kasashen Nordic, a cikin abin da ya rubuta na karshe littafin, ba alaka riga gudanar ya cũtar da shi Sherlock Holmes (marubucin ko da sau daya kokarin kashe shi, amma saboda jama'a matsa lamba da aka tilasta tãyar harafin).

Yuli 7, 1930 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle mutu. Ya kasance a '71.

koyi

Shige da irin wannan m, kuma m image na Sherlock Holmes ne kusan yiwu ba, don haka a lokacin da rai da marubucin ya fara bayyana marubuta su bayyana abin da ya gani na wannan sabon abu hali. Stories game da rabo daga cikin jami'in rubuta da kuma dan Artura Konana Doyle, kuma Franklin Roosevelt - daya daga cikin shahararrun Amurka shugabannin.

A cikin nineties karni na ashirin da a kan ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet akwai babban adadin littattafai, "Sherlock Holmes" jerin sauran mawallafa (A. Shaburina V. Petrina, M. Trushina na T. D.), alamu da cewa sabon labaru da aka samu a cikin akwati na Dr. Watson . Number of koyi baiwa Doyle gaske babbar, kuma mai yiwuwa a kowane version na labaru game da baiwa jami'in, akwai wani abu banmamaki m.