Sadarwa na kalmomi a cikin jumla. Hanyar sadarwar kalma

A wannan labarin, za mu magana game da abin da ne dangantakar kalmomi a cikin jumla, abin da iri da suka wanzu, ta yaya suka sha bambam da juna. Wannan batu na bukatar wasu terminological bayani.

A musamman, domin mu fahimci abin da su ne hanyoyin da za a danganta kalmomi, dole ne ka farko hukunci da abin da yake kalmar "magana". Bayan haka, mu matsa zuwa na tambaya na abin da yake da dangantakar kalmomi a cikin jumla. "Darasi" don ci gaba da cikakken la'akari da management, daidaituwa da kuma sadarwa da kuma kammala a kananan tip cewa ba za ka iya amfani da, ba su zama kuskure a cikin su definition.

Ka lura da cewa wannan shi ne wani muhimmin batu, saboda jarrabawa ne ya biya mai girma da hankali ga tambaya ga abin da yake da dangantaka da na kalmomi a cikin jumla. Gwada wannan a duk versions hada da definition of iri sadarwa.

A definition of "magana"

Jumlar - da shiga na biyu ko fiye da kalmomi, da kuma ilimin nahawu related a ji cewa da hidima ga gano wani musamman guda dissectively ra'ayi (mataki, ingancin da abu ko abu da kanta, da sauransu.).

Yana da wani naúrar na ginin kalma cewa ya yi aikin sadarwa aiki (a cikin wasu kalmomi, shi ne wani ɓangare daga gare shi) ne kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na jumla.

Yau an kullum gane cewa da phrases ne mahadi da wasu kalmomi dogara ne a kan aboki na karkashi, wato, dole ne su zama ba biyu aka gyara - maigida da bawa memba. Wasu daga cikin masu bincike na ilimin harsuna tsarin kuma sun hada da mai hade da kama sassa na jumla a raba kungiyar - coordinative phrases, amma za mu tsaya ga gargajiya rarrabuwa, da kuma ware su daga gare mu shawara ma saboda domin kai wuri ya zama management, daidaituwa da kuma contiguity, cewa shi ne, hanyoyin sadarwa kalmomi, muna sha'awar a, kana bukatar ka m sassa na jawabin na da alaka wato karkashi dangantaka.

nahawu homonymy

Ka yi la'akari da, misali, mai hade da kalmomin "karanta shi da kaina." Ga akwai sakamakon da ake kira nahawu homonyms. Wannan jumlar iya tambaye biyu tambayoyi: "Karanta game da wa?" da kuma "Karanta abin?". A karshen harka, a lokacin da muke da tuna ba karanta a bayyane, "kaina" hidima a matsayin yar bab, kuma shi ne - canzawa kalmar, saboda haka, shi ne m zuwa babban. A karo na biyu idan, a lokacin da darajar ne "a halin yanzu" dogara da wani ɓangare na magana da ake amfani a wani hali tsari, wato, shi ne a kula da babban, don haka shi za a manajan.

Bari mu tuna cewa a cikin jumla, da kalmomin da za a iya alaka da kowane karkashi ko coordinative bond, tun akwai iri biyu daga cikinsu: biyayya da kuma aiki.

Mene ne aikin?

Abun da ke ciki - fili m daga juna daidaita abubuwa, ko syntactically. Wannan na iya zama wata mahada a wani sauki jumla kama mambobin (sannu a hankali, amma lalle, Cats da karnuka), ko sassa na jumla (ko wani hadadden conjunctionless slozhnosochinennogo).

Mene ne wani mãsu sallamãwa?

Ƙaddamarwa - mahada disparate ginin kalma abubuwa (sassa na wani hadadden jumla, kazalika da mutum kalmomi a cikinta).

A jumlar akwai kawai ƙarƙashin connection tsakanin gagarumin sassa na magana. Saboda haka, a lokacin da gayyata don samun a cikin rubutu na da daidaituwa, management, ko contiguity, watau, da fili shi ne mai zama ƙarƙashin dangane za a iya nan da nan cire daga da'irar mu search for hade da wani batu da kuma predicate (cewa shi ne, da nahawu Dalili na tsari), fili fi'ili da kuma maras muhimmanci predicates da kuma gabatarwa kalmomi . Shi ne na karshe, ya kamata ka biya na musamman da hankali, saboda ƙarƙashin sadarwa a daya nau'i ko wata, zai iya samun gabatarwa tayin da phrases. Misalai: "Wani abu da ya haskaka a cikin sama Watakila walƙiya.". A nan, "watakila" - wani gabatarwa kalma. Amma, irin wannan bayanin kamar "Ina ganin" da kuma "ta ce" - wannan gabatarwa tayin da kuma haduwa.

A yarjejeniyar, contiguity da kuma kula da - Waɗannan su ne babban iri karkashi aboki.

Daidai da: definition

Daidai da - wannan dangantakar kalmomi a cikin jumla, a cikin abin da halittarsa aka kwatanta da babban dogara, watau shi ne a yi amfani da wannan lambar, jinsi da harka, kamar yadda abin da shi yana nufin - mai suna ko wasu bangare na jawabin a ma'anarsa: "Dear makoki "ko" ba wani "wani abu" hyphenated ". Idan ka canja shimfiɗar canje-canje da kuma dogara da kalma.

Abin da kalmomi na iya zama kamu a lokacinda suke tatauna?

A rubutu ne, ba wuya a sami wani hade tare da irin wannan connection, idan ka tuna cewa a matsayin ƙarƙashin na kalmar (watau dogara) ya bayyana ko da yaushe kawai canza wani ɓangare na jawabin: wakilin possessive (na maganganun), dangi (abin nufi), index ( wannan infamy), Identification (duk wani nau'i na sakamakon, duk mai kyau), magana da korau (ta kowane hanya), bai tabbata ba (wasu abokai), manufofi (kabari kaya, total rashin 'yanci na nauyi), cikakken tarayya (bushuyu conductive guguwa), kazalika da da ordinal lambobi (ashirin) da sunaye ne m aikace-aikace, game da yawan da kuma yanayin da a babban kalma (sai dai idan suna iya bambanta a lambobi). haife kamar yadda suke ko da yaushe guda, saboda haka, a kan tushen amince a kan iya ba son magana. Misalai: sabon ginin, uwa-malami.

substantivized kalmomi

Na manufofi da kuma participles da hannu a cikin irin wannan dangantaka na da muhimmanci sassa na magana, a matsayin harmonization, za a bambanta kamar abin da ake kira substantivized kalmomi, cewa shi ne, na tarayya da kuma manufofi da suka riga suka tsallaka zuwa cikin category na sunaye: "Shi ne daidai da gaskiya ga matalauta, kuma zuwa ga mai kyau." Wadannan biyu Concepts ( "bad" da kuma "mai kyau") ta samar da wata babban kalmar hade, nan gaba koma zuwa sarrafa saboda su ne sunaye a cikin wannan mahallin. Mun tambayi tambaya: "yana nufin abin da?". Kuma amsar: "Kuma zuwa ga matalauta, kuma zuwa ga mai kyau."

Cardinal lambobin

A musamman hali da aka hada da phrases manyan lambobi. Suna yawanci a cikin ni'imar dogara ayyuka na kalmomi, amma ba koyaushe. Alal misali, a cikin accusative da nominative kamar numerals ne ko da yaushe a key memba, da kuma wasu siffofin - da zama ƙarƙashin. Za ka iya gwada da wadannan sentences: "Na yi aiki ga shekaru ashirin a makaranta," da kuma "ina aiki har zuwa shida hours." A hade da kalmomin "har zuwa shida hours," da adadi "shida" a cikin genitive shi ne dogara kalma. Za ka iya tambayar: "Up zuwa yadda mutane da yawa hours kuke aiki?". Kuma amsar: "Up zuwa shida". A cikin magana "ashirin da shekaru" babban kalmar ne a adadi "ashirin". The tambaya da wadannan: "Ashirin da abin da?". Kuma mu amsa: "Ashirin shekaru." Wannan harka - iko. A Rasha harshen da aka yi amfani da sau da yawa irin wannan magana.

Management: Definition

Muna hankali creep har zuwa na gaba irin dangane biyu gagarumin sassa na magana. Management - dangane da kalmomi a cikin jumla, halin a cewa dogara kalma (suna ko wasu bangare na jawabin a cikin aiki: substantivized kalma, wani wakilin suna, mai adadi (dubi biyu / zauna / shi / aboki)) aka sanya shi a cikin wani batu form ( tare da wani bigire ko ba tare da shi), wanda shi ne saboda da babba memba, ta lexical da nahawu ma'anar. Kamar wancan ne wata kalma na iya zama wani suna, fi'ili, siffa, yar bab, Cardinal yawan accusative ko nominative, kalma search yanayin.

A wasu kalmomin, babban abu daga dogara da bukatar wasu harka siffofin.

Ka lura da cewa a cikin sosai Kalmar "management" ya aza wani ambato cewa Rasha phrases da irin wannan halin da iko da daya kalma tare da wani.

management Features

Tare da wannan tsari na sadarwa dogara mambobi ko da yaushe amsa tambayoyi QFontDatabase lokuta, "tuna da wani labarin", "ya kamata ke nan bari tafi", "aka bauta wa wani yini," "da aka nuna a cikin hanya" da sauransu.

Lura cewa wasu Rasha phrases, duk da cewa shi ne zai yiwu a gare su su nemi wasu, wato adverbial, tambayoyi (da aka hidima (inda) da kuma (a kan wani abu) a kan yanayin?) - wannan ne management, saboda maki prepositions a gaban su.

Saboda haka, wani uzuri - shi ne ko da yaushe wata ãyã cewa, wannan magana - management, maimakon contiguity.

Junction: Definition

Bari yanzu mu bincika yadda karshen irin na sadarwa. Junction - shi ne irin wannan dangane da kalmomi a wata jumla, a cikin abin da shi ne a ilimin nahawu, amma ba lexical (ie, a cikin ma'anar) ya bayyana dogaro da zama ƙarƙashin kalmomi, irin murya da su domin. Kawai marar sakewa sassa na jawabin iya zama m: da tushen fi'ili, an yar bab invariable siffa (Khaki) da kuma zumunta ikon shi, da sauki (mazan yara), mai suna aiki a matsayin unapproved aikace-aikace (misali, a cikin jaridar "Moscow News"), possessive magana da su, ta, ya. Da wannan a zuciyarsa, yana da sauki a samu a cikin rubutu dangane da kalmomi a cikin jumla "contiguity". Bayan duk, ajalin da kanta ne m: dogara bayyana mahimmanci, shiga da shi.

Features contiguity

Babban kalma a cikin irin wannan haduwa iya zama fi'ili, suna, siffa, yar bab, participle da gerund.

Ya kamata mu biya musamman da hankali ga dangantakar da kalmomi tare da possessive wakilin suna ta, ta, su, saboda su, sabanin da siffofin lamirí, homonymous ba su canza, don haka yi aiki ne kawai a wannan batun, kamar yadda contiguity. Ga misali: "Gobe shi ya kamata a bari tafi." Ga "shi" - wani nau'i na sirri wakilin suna "ta" a cikin genitive hali, don haka kafin mu a cikin wannan yanayin, dangane management. Kuma a cikin wani jumla - "Her idanu ne blue" - wannan shi ne wani possessive wakilin suna, wanda shi ne marar sakewa, don haka shi ake dangantawa da babban kalmar ta amfani da maha? Ar.

A musamman idan akwai contiguity

A musamman idan akwai irin wannan sadarwar - wannan shi ne lokacin da kalma hidima a matsayin dogara tushen fi'ili: "Ina neman ci gaba da sama da ya buga." A wannan jumla da kalmomi "da ake bukata domin cika da" - ba a kumshin fi'ili predicate, saboda mataki ne da za'ayi da daban-daban mutane (abokai): Ina neman da kuma cika so ka / ya / su, kuma saboda haka, saboda haka, da sauran mutum / mahaluži a cikin wannan harka .. su ne karin, maimakon ɓangare na predicate.

A hadaddun sentences Union jawabin - zumunta wakilin suna "wani", "abin da", "wanda", "yadda", "abin da", "wanda" a cikin siffofin QFontDatabase lokuta (wannan bangare na jawabin a cikin sauki yi yadda interrogative), kazalika da adverbs kamar yadda, yadda, me ya sa, don me, inda, a lokacin da, inda, inda - ne ma dogara a phrases da daban-daban na sadarwa.

A hukunci

Saboda haka, a kayyade abin da irin sifa ko da magana iya amfani da wadannan m:

a lokacinda suke tatauna da key kalma zuwa ga dogara da uku da bukatun - da lambar, jinsi da hali.

management yana daya kawai da ake bukata - harka.

idan abutting kome ake bukata.

Ya taimaka muku mafi alhẽri tuna da bayanai da cewa irin wannan dangantakar kalmomi a cikin jumla tebur.