Red Army jami'in Alexander Pechersky: biography. Aleksandra Pecherskogo feat: wani tawaye a Sobibor

A kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga tsira a cikin wani Nazi taro sansanin. Amma wadannan mutane da aka kawo a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, ana ba kawai tsira - suka shirya tawaye, shirya taro Tserewa, su nufin su yi tsayayya ya yiwuwa a karya. Wata irin wannan gwarzo ya Alexander Pechersky - junior leftana, samu tare da rajimanti a cikin yanayi a farkon yakin, sa'an nan a cikin bauta. Lokacin da abokan gaba gano cewa shi ba kawai wani jami'in, amma kuma wani Bayahude, rekõdinsa aka shãfe haske.

Sobibor

A tarihin tawaye na fursunonin da mutuwa sansanin, located in kudu-maso-gabashin Poland, aka sosai da aka sani a kasashen yamma. Tarayyar Soviet bayan da yaki ya yanke shawarar gafarta Poland venality da kuma mayaudari yanayi na babban ɓangare na yawan al'ummarta, amma saboda matsala ga abubuwa kawai mafi kusa makwabcin tactfully boye. Alexander Pechersky aka ba da aka sani a cikin kasar, da kuma tawaye a Sobibor fursunoni bar ba tare da wani gaskiya kimantawa, da gaba daya cancanci. Kuma a Yammacin Turai da kuma Isra'ila game da sansanin da kuma tawaye yin fim, rubuta littattafai masu yawa. Shugaban 'yan tawayen - Alexander Pechersky - sananne kasashen waje da kuma ne yadu dauke su wani babban jarumi.

Abin da ke da shi game da Nazi mutuwa sansanin? Me ya sa aka halicci shi? Yana da aka bude a farkon 1942 tare da tafin kafa nufa - da cikakken kuma darkãkewa, cewa shi ne, kisan kare dangi na yahudawa yawan. Don yin wannan, akwai wani m shirin inda duk mataki zuwa mataki dukan aiwatar. Kuma a rabin shekara na zama na zangon akwai, inda suka kashe fiye da mutum ɗari biyu da dubu hamsin Yahudawa - 'yan kasa da Poland da kuma makwabta kasashen Turai.

halaka fasahar

Kamar yadda a duk taro sansani a Sobibor fursunoni akwai mai sauqi qwarai. Kunci-ma'auni Railway manyan cikin dazuzzuka, tsĩrar da kullum bombings dukan jiragen kasa. Daga cikin wadannan, a yawan mutane a zabi koshin lafiya, da kuma wasu da aka aiko "to wanka", wato, da gas jam'iyya. Favorites "babban mutum" a minti goma sha biyar iya yi binne domin tafiya a cikin na musamman rami, wanda aka dafa ta kewaye zangon. Su "bath rana" ba ma nisa, saboda da harkokin tattalin arziki a sansanin sun nauyi sosai, kuma ku ciyar da fursunoni ba wanda aka faruwa. "Burly" da sauri rasa yanayin.

Wannan dabarar da aka kirkiro da Nazis shi ne, kuma sun dauke shi a sosai kudin-tasiri. Mun kasance a cikin kowane sansanin, da kuma waɗanda suke ba fursunoni. Bugu da kari ga SS, mãsu tsarẽwa Sobibor da kuma hadin gwiwar, wato, duk wani nau'i na cin amanar. Mafiya yawa - Ukrainian Bandera. Da dama daga cikinsu suke da daraja a raba labarin cewa mutãne kullum ka tuna da yadda m shi ne. Alal misali, ban sha'awa rabo na anti-gwarzo, kamar yadda tsayayya wa mutum kamar Alexander Pechersky.

Ivan Demjanjuk

Wanda zai yi tunanin cewa a cikin na uku Millennium har yanzu zai ci gaba da gwaji, wanda ake da alaka da mai girma Patriotic War? 'Yan shaidu na cewa lokaci sun tsira zuwa yau.

A fitina daga cikin tsohon Tarayyar mutum, wani fursuna na yaki, da kuma daga baya - musamman mashaya jini sadist da torturer, shugabansu Sobibor, ko da daga baya - a {asar Amirka, Ivan (Yahaya) Demjanjuk dade a shekara daya da rabi da kuma kare da la'anta a cikin kisan dubban kunar bakin Sobibor. Demjanjuk hukuncin tasa'in da biyar a kurkuku ga wadannan laifuffuka.

abin da

Haife Wannan subman a 1920 a Ukraine. Tun da farkon na Great Patriotic Demjanjuk aka girke a cikin Red Army, da kuma a 1942 suka mika wuya. A cikin taro sansanin ya shiga cikin Nazis. Za a tuna da sansanin Treblinka, Majdanek, Flyusseborg. Employment jayayya - rikodin bayansa. Amma tare da Sobibor galihu, kamar yadda ya faru a haddin shari'a da kuma gudun hijira na fursunoni, da masu gadi ba shi da girma ya zo da.

Za ka iya tunanin, tare da abin da mataki da mugunta da kuma sadism Demjanjuk ( "Ivan Grozny" ga SS) sanya gajeren aiki na wadanda suka gudanar ya kama. Bugu da ƙari, akwai shaida, amma cikakken bayani ne ma m haifa su a nan. nasara gudun hijira kamar ba zai iya zama daga cikin mutuwa sansanin. A Sobibor kuma ba su kasance, sai ya je Alexander Pechersky, soja jama'a gwarzo. Karkashin kasa kungiyar ya riga a zangon, amma shi kunshi mutane zalla farar hula, kuma sau da yawa mutu a gas jam'iyya. Gudun hijira da aka shirya, amma shirin bai yi aiki ba ko da ta kai matakin karshe.

Lieutenant daga Rostov-on-Don

Aleksandr Aronovich Pechersky, wanda biography ne kusan zuwa karshen rayuwarsa da aka ba da aka sani zuwa ga yawan jama'a na ƙasarsa ta kasar, ya yi yawa, an haife shi a Ukraine, Kremenchug, a 1909. A 1915, lauya ta iyali, mahaifinsa, ya koma Rostov-on-Don, wanda duk rayuwarsa Alexander ji garinsu. Bayan makaranta, ya samu wani factory lantarki da kuma tafi jami'a. Very m na mai son wasanni, kuma masu sauraro kaunace shi ma.

A rana ta farko na yaki na biyu leftana Alexander Pechersky yana kan hanyarsa zuwa gaban. A post ya kasance irin domin ya sauke karatu daga jami'a. Alexander yi yaƙi da Nazis kusa Smolensk a cikin manyan bindigogi rajimanti na 19th Army. Vyazma suka kewaye, Pechersky da abokan aiki, dauke a kafaɗunsu da rauni kwamandan, yaki da karya ta gaban line, wanda ya riga ya ƙwarai koma. Mu gudu daga harsashi. Mutane da yawa da sojoji suka ji rauni ko tsanani da rashin lafiya - ba haka ba sauki a cikin sanyi waurinta da swamps. The kungiyar da aka kewaye da makaman da Nazis. Haka abin ya fara a fursuna.

a zaman talala

Red Army koro yamma - daga sansanin zuwa sansanin, da kuma, ba shakka, kawai waɗanda suka iya hidima a quarries. Red Army jami'in Alexander Pechersky yi ɗã'a ba ya so ya mutu, ya yi yawa, da kuma bege na gudun hijira ba taba bari. A Bayahude, ya kasance ba zahiri irin wannan, don haka da Nazis lokacin doznatsya (tone) game da kabila, nan da nan ya aiko shi zuwa ga Sobibor mutuwa. Tare da Alexander a sansanin zo game da mutum ɗari shida.

Na su dan lokaci bar su rayu kawai tamanin, wasu sa'a da rai ya tafi. Alexander fadi a cikin category husky, kuma daga baya gano cewa ya kuma sassaƙa sani, don haka kada ka fada tikis, zai yi aiki ga dukkan Jamus da kuma maida hankali sansani. Saboda haka muka yanke shawarar Nazis, amma Lieutenant kogwanni daga Sobibor. Kawayeniya sun dan hanya zuwa ga leftana, ya kasance da sanin cewa idan ba ka kashe shi yanzu, daga baya za su yi da shi m. Kuma wannan da bata lokaci ba ya zama dole domin ya ba da Nazis karshe yaƙi, domin a yi ya latest feat. Aleksandra Pecherskogo ba haka ba sauki don kashe.

shirin

Karkashin kasa kungiyar ya bayyana cewa, guda harbe iya zama ba a nan, kuma bã a wani sansanin kamar yadda mafi barbed waya ba zai bar. Ya nace a kan tawaye, a cikin abin da ya tsere daga sansanin ya zama kawai game da wani abu, saboda sauran za a kashe wata hanya, amma bayan da azabtarwa da kuma zagi. Daya yana da kawai ya dubi fuskokin Bandera, wanda tafi ta cikin sansanin da kuma kashe kowa da suke so da kuma a duk lokacin da suka so. Kuma yana da har yanzu babu wanda ya sãɓa kuma ba buzit. Suka rage a cikin sansanin bayan tsere za a azabtar da nacewa.

Hakika, da yawa za su mutu a lokacin da yake gudun hijira. Amma kowane daga waɗanda suka yi hijira, sunã da wata sa'a. Karkashin kasa kwamitin amince da wani shirin da aka samarwa. Saboda haka ya kasance wani sabon matsayi, mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarsa, Alexander Pechersky - shugaban tawaye. Kusan duk da fursunoni wanda aka sanar da shirin gudun hijira, amince da wannan hanya. Mutu har yanzu suna da, don haka yana da kyau ba haka m m taro a cikin tumaki da tafiya zuwa gas jam'iyya. Mutuwa da mutunci wajibi ne, idan akwai irin yiwuwar.

Zalla Yahudawa zamba

Gaskiyar cewa sansanin wanzu ba kawai sassaƙa, amma kuma dinki. Wanda mafi alhẽri ya zama iya gina Yahudawa tela gaske kyau SS mutum yana zaune a uniform? Tela na jiragen kasa kunar bakin wake ma debo kamar yadda masassaƙa da magina, ko da sun kasance ba wani "babban mutum." Domin da bukatun da babban Jamus Teloli aka bukata musamman. A nan a cikin dinki bita da kuma duk abin da ya fara. Bandera gadi, ta hanyar, ma, shi bai yi ƙyãmar da sabis.

Kuma Oktoba 14, 1943 m, yawonta sansanin, daya bayan daya ya fara tafarkin da kyau, inda suka ohazhival kazamin ko maƙare da igiya, sa'an nan makaman da suya a wani cellar. Domin wannan manufa sun kasance musamman zaba fursunoni tare da kwarewa da Martial Arts. The mafi ban sha'awa abu ne cewa, Alexander Pechersky, da gwarzo wannan labarin, ya kasance a Sobibor, kasa da makonni uku, amma riga gudanar ya halicci tawagar, shi ne iya daidai kuma consistently aiki. Irin wannan sun nufinsa kuma tabbatar da dalilin bi ta hanyar.

gudun hijira

Da shiru da kuma invisibly da baƙo ta idanu daina wanzuwa goma sha Jamusawa da kuma kusan duk free matsara gadi. Kawai sai baiyyana, kuma Sobibor harin da aka tilasta yin nasara. Wannan ne karo na biyu lokaci na shirin, kõma sama da Aleksandrom Pecherskim. Armed kofuna da dama fursunoni fara harba sauran masu gadi. Ya yi aiki a kan hasumiya gun, da kuma samun shi babu hanya. Mutane gudu. Sun jefa kansu a kan barbed waya, sai jikunansu su bayar da damar gudanar da hanya ga comrades. Kashe na'ura-gun bursts, yawo mahakar cewa kewaye da sansanin, amma ba su daina.

Gates da aka karya, da kuma a nan shi ne - 'yanci! Duk da haka, ɗari da talatin da mutane daga kusan ɗari shida zauna a sansanin: maras nauyi kamarsa ba, kuma marasa lafiya, wadanda, idan ba a yau, sai gobe - a cikin gas jam'iyya. Akwai wadanda suka yi fatan da tawali'u da kuma alheri a kan wani ɓangare na Nazis. Babu wani abu! A sansanin daina wanzuwa. Kashegari, duk sauran da aka harbe shi, kuma nan da nan Sobibor aka halaka. A ƙasar kanta baje ta bulldozers kuma dasa ta kabeji. Don ko da wani memory bar cewa akwai kafin. Me ya sa? Domin shi ne kunya ga Nazi Jamus - maras nauyi kamarsa fursunoni tsere, amma har yanzu mai kyau.

sakamakon

Freedom tsiwirwirinsu kadan kasa da ɗari uku da kai harin da kadan fiye da tamanin samu mai daraja mutuwa a lokacin hutu. Next, na yi hukunci a inda ya je, kamar yadda duk hudu bangarorin sun bude wa 'yan gudun hijira. Domin makonni biyu da suka tafi farauta. Ɗari da saba'in mutane boye kasa. Bandera same su kuma kashe shi. Kusan duk da fice a gida, ma, ya anti-Semitic.

Kusan casa'in hijira aka azabtar ko Bandera Ukrainian da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland. Hakika, ba wanda ya kama wani da sauri mutuwa ne bai mutu ba. Cikin dukanin laifi jera bayar da rabo daga zabi. Kashe yafi waɗanda suka yi zaba zuwa boye a Poland. Sauran tafi Aleksandrom Pecherskim fadin Bug a Belarus, inda suka tarar da ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu, kuma tsira.

haifuwa

Pecherskiy Aleksandr Aronovich ga samun 'yanci na kasar mu daga Nazi invaders suka yi jihãdi a matsayin partisan Shchors ta yi nasara m, sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga Red Army, da kuma hadu a May 1945 da daraja na kyaftin. Aka yi masa rauni, da ya bi a wani asibiti kusa da Moscow, inda ya sadu da nan gaba matarsa, Olga. Awards ya yi kadan, duk da hanyar, cike da wahalhalu da harkokinmu. Shekara biyu a bauta - shi ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ko da sauti suspiciously. Duk da haka, da ya samu lambar "Ga Service a yakin" ya. Kuma cewa maimakon na Order na Patriotic War, to wanda ya aka gabatar.

A dalilai, ba shakka, m. A tawaye a Sobibor ba karin gishiri a labaru, domin shi ne mai na daya-kabilanci, amma su mayar da hankali a kan wannan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ba a karɓa - International taxied duk, ba Yahudawa. A Isra'ila kogwanni zama kasa gwarzo, da kuma dangantaka tsakanin lokacin kasarmu da ƙasar alkawali shi ne sosai m. Kuma babu daya a nan ba ya so tawaye duba a jihar matakin, kamar yadda aka yi a can. Kuma, ba shakka, Poland. The m manya ne, dã Mun tuntuɓe ne, mu gaya dukan duniya cewa shi aka zura sandunan a kashe fursunonin da suka kawai gudanar kauce wa shi, a cikin gas jam'iyya a cikin minefields ... Tarayyar Soviet ba ji tsoron su zarga gurguzu Poland, ba ya so ya. Amma jima ko daga baya duk sirrin lalle ne, haƙĩƙa zama a bayyane yake.

postscript

A kasa gwarzo Alexander Pechersky Isra'ila rayu har zuwa Janairu 1990 a ƙasarsa ta Rostov-on-Don. Kuma ya yi farin ciki. A shekarar 2007, a kan bango na gidan inda ya rayu, akwai wani plaque. A 2015 daya daga cikin titunan Rostov-on-Don ne mai suna bayan da gwarzo. Kuma a shekara ta 2016 ya aka posthumously sãka musu da Order of Jaruntakan.