Raymon Puankare: da hujjojin da na rayuwa

Faransa dattaku Raymon Puankare (1860-1934) a lokacin yakin duniya na farko ya kasance shugaba da kuma nan ne Fira minista a jerin kudi crises. Ya kasance mai ra'ayin mazan jiya, wani mai goyon bayan siyasa da kuma tabbatar da zaman lafiya.

Raymon Puankare: biography

A nan gaba shugaban Faransa, an haife shi a Bar-le-Duke, a birnin a cikin arewa-gabashin kasar, Agusta 20, 1860 a cikin iyali na injiniya Nicolas-Antoine Poincaré, wanda daga baya ya zama babban sufeto na gadoji da hanyoyi. Raymond karatu dokar a Jami'ar Paris, aka shigar da mashaya, a 1882, kuma ya tafi a kan gudanar da aiki da dokar a birnin Paris. Musamman m Poincare bai wa dukan ikon zama mafi kyau a cikin dukan abin da ya yi, da kuma a cikin shekaru 20 da ya zama ƙarami lauya a Faransa. Kamar yadda wani lauya, ya samu nasarar kare da Jules Verne a kara for yi ɓatanci yi da wani sunadarai da kuma kirkiro da nakiyoyi Eugene Turpenom wanda ya yi iƙirarin zama wani samfur na wani mahaukaci masanin kimiyya, wanda aka nuna a cikin labari "The flag da motherland."

A 1887, Raymon Puankare (photo nuna daga baya a cikin labarin) an zabe ta Faransa sashen na Meuse. Kamar haka ya fara harkar siyasa. A m shekaru, ya girma aiki a cikin majalisar, ciki har da post na ministan ilimi da kuma kudi. A 1895 Poincaré an zabe mataimakin shugaban kasar na majalisar wakilai, (majalissun taro na Faransa majalisar). Duk da haka, a cikin 1899, ya ki amincewa da bukatar da shugaban kasar Faransa Emilyu Lube (1838-1929) ya samar da wata gwamnatin hadin gwiwa. Strong-Yã so, wani ra'ayin mazan jiya kasa, Poincare bai amince da kungiyar hadin gurguzu ministan. A 1903 da ya yi murabus daga majalisar wakilai da kuma aikata dokar da aiki a wata kasa a siyasance gagarumin majalisar dattijai har 1912.

Fira Ministan kasar da kuma shugaban kasar

Raymon Puankare koma siyasa a lokacin da, a cikin Janairu 1912, ya zama firaministan kasar. A wannan mafi m matsayi a Faransa, ya tabbatar da cewa shi mai karfi shugaban da ministan harkokin wajen kasar. Don kowa da kowa ya mamaki, da wadannan shekara ya yanke shawarar gudu ga shugaban kasar - a gwada kasa muhimmanci matsayi, kuma an zabe shi a post a Janairu 1913

Ba kamar baya shugabannin, Poincare dauki wani aiki sashi a siffata da manufofin. A karfi gabar kishin kai shi ga aiki tukuru domin tabbatar da kare Faransa, ƙarfafa ƙawance da Ingila da kuma Rasha, da kuma goyon bayan dokokin don kara ajalin na soja daga biyu zuwa shekara uku. Duk da cewa ya yi aiki ga mai kyau na duniya, an haife shi a Lorraine, Poincare ya m na Jamus, wanda mamaye yankin a 1871.

War tare da Jamus

Lokacin da a watan Agusta shekara ta 1914 m yakin duniya na farko, Raymon Puankare, da shugaban kasar Faransa, ya yi ƙarfi soja shugaban da shirin shawo na al'umma ta morale. Lalle shi, ya nuna masa biyayya ga ra'ayin wani kenan Faransa, a lokacin da ya tambayi dogon lokaci-siyasa abokin Zhorzha Klemanso samar da wata gwamnati a 1917. Poincaré yi imani da cewa Clemenceau shi ne mafi m dan takarar domin gudanar da aikinsu na da firaministan kasar da kuma iya jagoranci kasar, duk da ya hagu-reshe ra'ayin siyasa, wanda saɓa wa shugaban kasar Faransa.

A yarjejeniyar da Versailles da Jamusanci reparations

Raymon Puankare sãɓã wa jũna, tare da Clemenceau game Versailles, kwangila sanya hannu a watan Yuni 1919, wanda ya kira da yanayin da duniya bayan yakin duniya na farko. Ya kasance da tabbaci hakikance cewa, Jamus dole ne ya rama Faransa babba adadin reparations kuma ya dauki alhakin fara yakin. Duk da yake Amurka da Britaniya da shugabannin ĩmãni wata yarjejeniya ma m, da daftarin aiki, wanda dauke da gwaji kudi da kuma yankin da'awar Jamus, bisa ga Poincare, ya ba mai tsanani isa.

A zama na Ruhr

Poincare daga baya nuna da m ra'ayi wajen Jamus, inda sake zama firaministan kasar a 1922. A wannan lokacin ya kasance kuma da ministan harkokin wajen kasar. Lokacin da Jamus sun kasa mai da su reparation biya a Janairu 1923, Poincare umarci sojojin Faransa ta mamaye Ruhr kwarin Kogin - wata babbar masana'antu yankin a yammacin Jamus. Duk da zama, da Jamusanci gwamnati ya ki yin biyan. M juriya ga Jamus da ma'aikata don a Faransa hukuma kanta na Jamus tattalin arzikin. Jamus lamba rushe, tattalin arzikin Faransa ya kuma sha wahala saboda da zama halin kaka.

Electoral kashi

A Jamus-Soviet farfaganda na 1920s rikicin na Yuli 1914 ne wanda aka nuna a matsayin Poincaré-la-guerre (yaki Poincaré), wanda manufarsu shi ne dismemberment na Jamus. Tattaunawa a kan wannan zato jagoranci tun 1912 da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II da kuma "mahaukaci militarist da revanchist" Raymon Puankare. Wannan bayanai da aka buga a shafukan da Faransa kwaminisanci jaridar "L'Humanité". Shugaban kasar Faransa Nicholas II da aka zargi da cewa sun qara duniya cikin yakin duniya na farko. Wannan gabatarwa ya tabbatar da matukar tasiri a cikin 1920s, kuma zuwa a wasu har Poincare ta suna ta ba tukuna dawo dasu.

A 1924, Birtaniya da kuma Amirka, gwamnatocin tattaunawa a kan shiri a cikin wani ƙoƙari dattako da Jamusanci tattalin arzikin da kuma 'yanci cikin sharuddan reparations. A wannan shekara, Poincaré jam'iyyar da aka ci a cikin babban zabe, da kuma Raymond murabus a matsayin firaministan kasar.

A rikicin kudi na 1926

Raymon Puankare zauna rago ga tsawo. A 1926, a kan backdrop na wani tsanani tattalin arziki da rikicin a Faransa sake tambaya ta samar da wata gwamnati da kuma ya ɗauka da rawar da firaminista. Don inganta kudi halin da ake ciki, da siyasa amsa da sauri da kuma decisively: shi aka za'ayi cuts a jama'a bayar wa, ta ƙara sha'awa rates, ya gabatar da sabon haraji da kudin na Franc stabilized da dauri da shi zuwa ga zinariya misali. A ci gaba da jama'a amincewa shi ne sakamakon da ci gaba na kasar, wanda ya bi matakan Poincare. Babban zabe a watan Afrilu 1928 ya nuna m goyon baya ga jam'iyyar da ta rawa a matsayin firaministan kasar.

Raymon Puankare: sirri rai

Akwai wani fitaccen dan siyasa shahararren iyali. Ya Lucien (1862-1920) wani likita da ɗan'uwansu, ya zama sufeto-janar a 1902. Ari dan uwan Raymond Poincaré ya shahara lissafi.

Tare da matarsa Anriettoy Adelinoy Benuchchi Poincare hadu a 1901. Ta kasance cikin farka daga cikin salon ga masana a cikin Paris da ya sau biyu gudanar ya ziyarci aure. Ƙungiyoyin bikin ya faru a shekara ta 1904, da kuma coci - jim kadan bayan Poincaré ya zama shugaban kasa na Faransa a 1913.

'yan shekarun nan

Nuwamba 7, 1928 farmaki da m-gurguzu jam'iyyar Poincaré aka tilasta ƙi. A cikin mako guda, ya kafa wani sabon ma'aikata da karshe lokaci a matsayin firaministan kasar zauna. A watan Yuli 1929, ambatawa matalauta kiwon lafiya manufofin bar cikin dakin, sa'an nan ya juya saukar da wani tayin zama firaministan kasar a 1930.

Raymon Puankare mutu a Paris a ranar 15 ga Oktoba 1934 yana da shekaru 74 da shekaru. Kusan duk rayuwarsa ya kishin jama'a sabis da aikinsa a matsayin shugaban kasa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, a hade tare da kudi acumen matsayin firaministan kasar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa bayar da shi tare da daukaka mai girma shugaban da wani mutum wanda ya mai daraja da kasar bisa duka.