Phraseological naúrar: definition

Salon maganarsu, sayings, karin magana, da faxin dokoki da wata babbar tafki a cikin kowane harshe, godiya ga wanda ya zama aukaka da kuma haske. In ba haka ba, an kira su phraseological raka'a. Mẽne ne, kuma abin da suka kasance, da muka tattauna a wannan labarin.

definition

Nazarin nazarin ƙamus da hannu phraseology. Phraseological naúrar - a barga idiomatic magana a cikin wani harshe wanda ma'anar sarari to duk ta dako. Synonymous tare da wannan ra'ayi ne frazema kalma, kari.

ayyuka

Phraseological naúrar iya yi da ayyuka na sassa daban daban na jawabin. Alal misali, yana iya zama:

• suna (maraya daga Kazan, wani kare a komin dabbobi).
• aiki (twiddle, rayuwa da shi, a bugu kafin kore dragon).
• siffa (bugu insole).
• yar bab (kife wuya).

Kamar kowane ilimin harsuna sabon abu, frazemy da su ãyõyi.

1. Reproducibility. Wannan yanayin ya nuna cewa phraseological naúrar ne saba wa mafi yawan masu magana da harshen, kuma shi ba ya ƙirƙira sãbuwa kowane lokaci. Alal misali, "slack" na nufin "rikici a kusa".
2. Rara kirki, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin cikakken ko m sake tunani gyara na magana kalmomi. Alal misali, kalmar "da kare ci shi" yana nufin "samfur", da kuma ba da hujjar ci abinci kare wani.
3. Razdelnooformlennost yakan haifar da kasancewar biyu ko fiye da kalmomin a cikin wata magana cewa ne yana da ma'anoni daban-daban.
4. Stability - da wata ãyã nuna yiwuwar ko rashin yiwuwar canza bangaren abun da ke ciki ta wajen rage, fadada ko sauyawa na ta bijiro da batun kafa kalmomi. Volatile phraseological naúrar za a iya canza ta amfani da:

• ƙamus, a lokacin da daya kalma an maye gurbinsu da wani.
• nahawu, a lokacin da magana ne batun nahawu canje-canje ba tare da canza ma'anar;
• Gwada yawa a lokacin da phraseologism canje-canje saboda fadada ko ƙanƙancewa aka gyara.
• matsayi inda aka gyara an juyawa.

Review of rabensu

Rarraba phraseological raka'a kokarin da yawa, masana ilimin harsuna, da kuma ta kusance sun daban-daban. Wasu dogara nahawu da tsarin, da sauran - a kan style, da uku - a kan ma'ana da kuma theme. Kowane rarrabuwa yana da wani hakkin ya wanzu, kuma a kasa muka dubi mafi muhimmanci.

• A farko rarrabuwa na phraseological raka'a miƙa L. P. Smit, a cikin abin da karshen da aka sõyayya a kungiyoyin bisa ga magana. Alal misali, "mutum aiki", "halitta mamaki." Babban drawback wannan typology - kyalewa da rabe-rarrabẽwa.
• Ba kamar da wanda ya riga, da ilimin harsuna ya manufa da aka ɓullo da V. V. Vinogradovym rarrabuwa. Ya samarwa iri phraseology raka'a sun rarrabu bisa ga na ginin jumla Fusion - hadin kai, da kuma haduwa kabu.
• N. M. Shansky miƙa, fãce daga phraseology, to ware raba rarrabuwa ga maganganu (sayings, karin magana, da faxin).
• A rarrabuwa samarwa da A. I. Smirnitskim, dangane da tsarin da kuma nahawu manufa.
• Dalili na rarrabuwa na N. N. Amosovoy lissafta darajar phraseological raka'a da su bincike na mahallin.
• S. G. Gavrin zo da rarrabuwa da su aikin da na ginin jumla da rikitarwa.
• A. V. Kunin kara rarrabuwa VV Vinogradov.

Nau'in VV Vinogradov

A cikin dayantaka na kalmar (phraseological naúrar) yayi daidai da ta yayan, wato, daga sama, a fili yake abin da yake a kan gungumen azaba. Alal misali, ja da madaurin - lokaci mai tsawo yi wasu kasuwanci.

Kabu - darajar ba ta zo daidai da ta constituting aka gyara. Alal misali, "slack" - aikata kome ba. A wasu adhesions ne kalmomi da suka rasa asalin ma'anar a cikin zamani Rasha harshen da aka daina amfani da su. Alal misali, babban yatsu - lumps cewa an yi amfani da miya na katako spoons.

Ma'anar phraseological haduwa yi sama da aka gyara, daya daga wanda yana da nauyin aiki, a cikin abin da daya daga cikin aka gyara daga phraseological naúra tana hade da kalmomi kadai ba, amma a hade tare da wasu. Alal misali, za ka iya ce "tsõro daukan", "bakin ciki daukan" ma'ana "m" ko "m", amma ba zai iya ce cewa "daukan yardar" a gabar "fun."

Nau'in A. I. Smirnitskogo

Wannan rarrabuwa raba salon maganarsu zuwa salon maganarsu, phrasal fi'ilai kuma dace phraseological raka'a. Biyu da tsohon kuma karshen da aka raba 2 kungiyoyin, wanda, bi da bi, subdivided cikin sub-kungiyoyin:

a) unimodal:

• fi'ili-adverbial (crook).
• m fi'ilai, na ginin jumla kwaya wanda shi ne na biyu bangaren (yin shi da sauki da kuma sauki).
• prepositional substantival m adverbs ko predicative ( 'yan'uwa a hankali).

b) biyu da MNV:

• attributive-substantival m wanda - suna (duhu doki, m Cardinal).
• fi'ili-gudunmawata, waxanda suke da m - wani aiki (don magana).
• maimaitawa - equivalents na adverbs.
• adverbial MNV.

Nau'in N. N. Amosovoy

A typology na N. N. Amosovoy phraseological raka'a kasu kashi salon maganarsu da frazemy, da tsarin kula da rarrabuwa wanda dogara ne a kan bincike na mahallin. Analysis yana nufin hade da kalmomi semantically aiwatar da index m. Irin wannan mahallin na iya zama m ko m. A m mahallin index akalla m da kawai zai yiwu dabi'u ga semantically aiwatar kalmomi. Alal misali, a "fari ƙarya", "tafi a Turanci."

Lokacin da wani m, a cikin mahallin kalmar index m iya bambanta, amma ma'anar kasance iri guda. Alal misali, tare da kalmar "duhu" na iya zama da kalmar "doki" da kuma "mutumin" - "duhu doki", "duhu mutum" da ma'anar "m, secretive."

Kari m mahallin kasu kashi frazemy da kuma salon maganarsu.

Nau'in SG Gavrina

S. G. Gavrin salon maganarsu classified da aikin-na ginin jumla da rikitarwa. Saboda haka, nau'ukanta raka'a hada phraseology barga, kuma variably-barga haduwa da kalmomi. Nazarin SG Gavrina a phraseology aka dogara ne a kan ayyukan da VV Vinogradov kuma N. M. Shanskogo da kuma ci gaban da 4 iri phraseological raka'a.

Nau'in A. V. Kunina

Nau'in phraseological raka'a, kunsha A. V. Kuninym, complements da rarrabuwa VV Vinogradov. Yana kunshi salon maganarsu:

1. Unimodal daya muhimmanci da kuma biyu ko fiye neznamenatelnyh Alamu.
2. Tsarin ko da wani co subordinative magana.
3. Tare da partially predicative tsarin.
4. Tare da fi'ili tushen fi'ili, ko a cikin m murya.
5. Tare da tsarin mai sauki, ko hadaddun jumla.

Daga cikin ra'ayi na ilimin harsuna A. V. Kunin raba sama salon maganarsu cikin hudu kungiyoyin:

• wani bangaren da cewa shi ne, ya nuna batun, sabon abu - an kira su nominative. wannan kungiya ya hada da 1, 2, 3 da kuma 5 phraseology irin fãce hadaddun.
• ba tare da batu-ma'ana dabi'u, yana nuna motsin zuciyarmu - irin frazemy kira mezhdometnyh da modal.
• tsarin da bada shawarwari, wanda ake kira sadarwa - wannan kungiya ya hada da karin magana, da faxin da kuma kama phrases.
• Group 4 nufin da nominative-sadarwa.

Sources phrases a Rasha harshen

Phraseological raka'a Rasha harshen iya zama:

• primordially Rasha.
• aro.

Asalin tsoho Rasha da alaka da rayuwa, yaruka da kuma sana'a ayyukan.

Misalai phraseology:

• iyali - ba a dinka, a ajiye your hanci, kai da sauri.
• yare - ganiya matsayi, hayaki karkiya.
• sana'a - to yanke gyada (kafinta), ja gimp (sakar), wasa na farko goge (mawaki).

Aro phraseological raka'a a Rasha harshen zo daga Old Slavonic, na gargajiya yaren, da kuma sauran harsuna.

Misalai aron na:

• Tsohon Slavonic - alfarma da 'ya'yan itace, aredovy eyelids, duhu ruwa a cikin girgije.
• gargajiya mythology - takobin Damocles, gari Tantalus, a Pandora ta akwatin, wani kashi na hujja, nutse cikin abu wulakantacce.
• sauran harsunan - bluestocking (English), a kan wani babban sikelin (Jamus), ba a sauƙi (da harshen Faransanci).

Da darajar ba ko da yaushe ne yayi daidai da darajar su bijiro da batun kafa kalmomi da kuma wani lokacin yana bukatar mai yawa na ilimi, a Bugu da kari don fahimtar ma'anar alama.

phraseological maganganu

Phraseological maganganu da harshen raka'a da a kowa ne cewa su ne barga maganganu, da kuma magana za a iya sauƙi sake bugawa. Amma a cikin na farko da aka gyara na magana iya amfani da kansa da kuma zama wani ɓangare na sauran phrases. Alal misali, a cikin maganganu "dukan zamanai iya son", "dogon ja da ƙarfi", "wholesale da Retail" duk kalmomi za a iya aiki dabam- dabam.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ba duk masana ilimin harsuna karatu phraseological raka'a tare da wani bangaren, ya dauke shi yiwuwa a hada su a cikin littafin yin hira.

Sayings - wani magana aro daga adabi, cinema, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma sauran siffofin fi'ili art. Su sukan yi amfani da zamani a jawabin a duka baki da kuma a rubuce. Alal misali, "Happy hours ba kallon," "love ga dukan zamanai."

Misalai da faxin - na game magana da cewa suna da abubuwa na umarni da kuma za a iya amfani da a da dama yanayi. A bambanci ga m magana, ba su da marubucin, kamar yadda halitta da mutane ga mutane da yawa ƙarni da shige daga fuska da fuska, da kuma sun tsira da primary form. Alal misali, "kaji kafin su hatched" yana nufin cewa a kan sakamako na harka za a iya hukunta a kan ta ƙarshe.

A bambanci ga karin magana - alama, emotive magana. Alal misali, ya ce "Lokacin da ciwon daji a Dutsen fito" na nufin wani aiki ne mai wuya da za a sanya.

Misalai da faxin - wani m gani da dabi'u da kuma ruhaniya ci gaban da mutane. Ta hanyar su sauki waƙa da abin da mutane kamar kuma yarda da, da kuma cewa - babu. Alal misali, "saukake kuma ba ja da kifi daga cikin kandami", "Labor mutumin ciyarwa da lalaci - Ganĩma", magana game da muhimmancin aikin.

ci gaba trends

Daga cikin dukkan nau'i-nau'i daga harshen ne mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa canje-canje a cikin ƙamus, domin shi ne mai kai tsaye gani na canje-canje faruwa a cikin al'umma.

Yau, da abun da ke ciki lexical na Rasha harshen ne fuskantar mai albarku neological. Me ya sa?

Dalili na farko - zamantakewa, tattalin arziki, siyasa da kuma ruhaniya canje-canje a Rasha a cikin 90s. Na biyu - da kafofin watsa labarai da kuma Internet aiki, wanda ya haifar da 'yancin magana da manyan yawan kasashen waje-harshen aro. The uku - da saurin ci gaban da fasahar da cewa taimaka zuwa fitowan da sabon bayani da kuma kalmomi. Wannan halin da ake ciki ba zai iya shafar ma'anar kalmomin - su ko dai su rasa asalin ma'anar, ko saya wani. Har ila yau, fadada da iyakoki da wallafe-wallafen harshen - shi ne a yanzu bude ga conversational, salon magana, irin harshe na dabam kalmomi kuma phraseological raka'a. Da yake jawabi na karshen, ya kamata a lura da cewa alama na Littafi salon maganarsu ba da ma'anar kalmomi kuma su hade. Alal misali, "daji kasuwar", "buga far", "a kusa da kasashen waje", "sanyi kaya", "sayar da hutu".

mini gwajin

Kuma yanzu muna bayar da ku jarraba ku erudition. Me yi wadannan salon maganarsu:

• nod.
• ciji harshẽna.
• duk hannuwansa a kan;
• gudu a kan fuskarsa.
• iska a kan wani gashin baki.
• idanu suna dazzled.
• ƙidaya yi cara.
• kadi a cikin harshen.
• faɗar ƙarya da uku kwalaye.

Duba daidai amsoshi. A dabi'u (domin):

• Ina so in yi barci.
• shirun.
• wani mutum wasu abu itace sauƙi, kuma da kyau.
• gudu cikin sauri.
• tuna da wani abu mai muhimmanci.
• mutane daga babban adadin wasu abubuwa ba zai iya zabi kawai da abu daya.
• dawdle.
• mutane suna so su tuna da wani abu sananne, amma iya ba;
• alkawari ko karya.